presentasi discourse 5.10 a sample study - refusal

5.10 A SAMPLE STUDY :

REFUSALSBy :Windy Citra Negara

www.wincompmagic.com

Refusal is a face-threatening act to the listener, because it contradicts his or her expectations,

and is often realized through indirect strategies.

refusal occurs when a speaker directly or indirectly says “no” to

a request or invitation.

According to Kitzinger and Frith, they provide about the conversation analysis and other data sources to examine what speakers say and the reason why they can say it.

Their study is about how the conversation

analysis literature says that people

typically refuse offers

Example

A : Why don’t you come up and see me some [time

B : [I would like to

There is no delay in this conversation, because the acceptanse starts before the offer is

completed.

The word “I would like to” uses direct speech

Sometimes we say like this :

“I wish I could make it to the party, but I have a lot of work to do”

This is actually communicating actions of refusals

Under the correct circumstances, a speaker can express things like refusals. But we can also perform communicative actions without directly saying it.

For example, to realize a refusal, someone may not always say:

“I can't go to your party, I have a lot of work to do” Directly refuse

Instead, we can perform the same action indirectly. So, if someone says:

“I wish I could make it to the party, but I have a lot work to do” Indirectly refuse

The whole utterance can be understood as a refusal without directly express the action of refusal.

THE OTHER EXAMPLEA : Uh if you’d care to come and visit a little while

this morning I’ll give you a cup of coffee

B : hehh Well that’s awfully sweet of you. I don’t think I can make it this morning.. Hh uhm I’m running an ad in the paper and-and uh I have to stay near the phone.

The example above, Kitzinger and Frith interviewed women

who talked about having refused unwanted sex

In this case, it required much more

conversational work than just a simple “no”

because it is not sufficient and necessary

to be heard

Sometimes in refusal, there are some points to be known

An outbreath as a delay (hehh)

A preface (Well that’s awfully sweet

of you)

Hedged (I don’t think I can

make it this morning)

A further delay(hh uhm)

Reason for the refusal (I’m running an ad in the paper and-and uh I have to stay near the

phone)

Before

it g

et to th

e refu

salBefore it gets to the reason of the refusal

• From the example before just saying “no” was not enough for a refusal in that kind of situation, if many delays or answers that do not fit and proper, then the listener can be wrong interpreted it if the speaker accepted his request.

Conclusion

So, to express refusal by just saying “no” is not good and necessary to be heard by the hearer. And refusal in indirectly is better and polite to be heard. And also the hearer can understand our reason of our refusal.

THANKS FOR YOUR

ATTENTION

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