present perfect english

PRESENT PERFECT JUAN CARLOS ARAUJOANA LUZ GUTIERREZ

GIOVANNI NATANAEL MORA CRUZ

• The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle.

For example:

• I have studied.• He has written a letter to María.• We have been stranded for six days.

ESTRUCTURE (Afirmative Forms) • The estructure of the present perfect is:

• The auxiliary verb (have) is conjugated in the Present Simple: have, has• The main verb is invariable in past participle form: -ed (or irregular)

ESTRUCTURE (Examples)•I have studied.

•He has written a letter to María.

•We have been stranded for six days.

ESTRUCTURE (Negative & questions Forms)• For negative setences we insert not between the auxiliary verb

and the main verb.• For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the

auxiliary verb.

EXAMPLE (Negative form)

• They have not eaten.• Pablo has not given a lot of money to his sister.

• I have not brushed my teeth.

EXAMPLE (Question form)

• Have the women left yet?• Have you ever tried chocolate?

• Haven't the women left yet?• Haven't you ever tried chocolate?

CONTRACTION WHIT PRESENT PERFECT

• When we use the Present Perfect in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.

FOR EXAMPLE

• You've told me that before.• John's seen Harry Potter.

• In negative sentences, we may contract the auxiliary verb and "not":

• You haven't got a chance.• She hasn't heard from him.

KEY WORDS• Just (“acabar de” o “sólo”)• Yet (todavia) • Never (nunca)• Already (ya)• Ever (siempre) • so far (muy lejos)• up to now (hasta ahora)• Recently (recientemente)• Since (desde)• for

• They have already finished their homework. (Ya han acabado sus deberes.)• Jacob has already left work. (Jacob ya se ha ido del

trabajo.)• The train has already arrived. (El tren ya ha llegado.)• Just

• I just ate, but I’m already hungry again. (Acabo de comer pero ya tengo hambre de nuevo.)• Where’s Jacob? He’s just left. (¿Donde está Jacob?

Acaba de irse.)• Beth has just moved to New York. (Beth acaba de

trasladarse a Nueva York.)

• I took two pills, but I still have a headache. (He tomado dos pastillas, pero todavía tengo dolor de cabeza.)• Is Jacob still working at the hospital? (¿Jacob aún

trabaja en el hospital?)• They still haven’t finished their homework. (Todavía no

han acabado sus deberes.)