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ICoSEM20194 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n
t h e S c i e n c e a n d E n g i n e e r i n g o f M a t e r i a l s
2 6 - 2 8 t h A u g u s t 2 0 1 9
Kuala Lumpur, Malays iaHosts
Sponsors
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Table of Contents
Conference Organizers & Sponsors 1
Useful Information 2
Preface by ICoSEM2019 Chairman 4
ICoSEM2019 Organizing Committee 5
Plenary Speakers 6
ICoSEM2019 Conference Programme 15
Oral Presentation 19
List of Abstracts 30
Advertisement by Sponsors
IEEE- EPS 99
Aseptec Sdn. Bhd. 101
RGS Corporation Sdn. Bhd. 103
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Conference Organizers
• University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia • Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), University of Malaya • Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing
(AMMP), University of Malaya
Sponsors
Sponsor Booth Location Page #
IEEE-EPS Booth 1 99
Aseptec Sdn. Bhd Booth 2 101
RGS Corporation Sdn. Bhd. Booth 3 103
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Useful Information
All the sessions will take place at The Latitude, level 1, Armada Hotel, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Registration / Help Desk All the registration will be held as follows:
Pre-registration (Day 1)
26 August
17:00 – 20:00 The Latitude,
Level 1
Registration (Day 2 & 3)
27 – 28 August
08:30 – 17:30 The Latitude,
Level 1
At registration, you will be given your conference kit, including the programme and abstract book. Staff will be available in every parallel session rooms and at the registration desk located at the main hall to answer any enquiries. Presentation Instructions The parallel session rooms are equipped with a laptop and a projector. Presenters must provide the presentation slides in PPT (Powerpoint) format on a USB memory stick. This must be done 10 minutes before each session. Chairpersons are requested to keep the sessions on schedule. Papers should be presented in the order they are listed in the program for the convenience of attendees who may wish to go to another room for other particular presentations. The laptop in the parallel rooms should be used for presentations. IT technicians will be available during the conference to be contacted in case of any arising problems. Welcoming Reception The welcoming reception is included in the registration fee and will take place from 18:00 – 20:00, 27 August 2019 at The Latitude, Level 1. This will be a great opportunity to get to know each other and expand our network with national and international researchers.
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Accommodation Accommodation is not included in your conference registration and must be paid directly to your hotel. Meals and Refreshments Coffee Breaks Coffee breaks will be served according to the programme and they will be served at The Latitude, Level 1. Luncheons Luncheons will be served at the Utara Coffee House located at the lobby. Only participants with lunch voucher will be allow to enter the luncheon area. Wireless Internet Connection Wireless Internet is available in The Latitude, Level 1 with limited access.
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Preface by ICoSEM2019 Chairman
I am indeed delighted to welcome you all to the
Fourth International Conference on the
Science and Engineering of Materials,
ICoSEM2019, 26-28 August 2019, Kuala
Lumpur.
This is the forth event in the ICoSEM series and
we are pleased to be able to continue with it.
Following the earlier tradition, the conference
includes both plenary and contributed papers.
This year the plenary speakers include highly accomplished academics
and researchers, Prof. M. A. Wahab of Louisiana State University, USA;
Prof. F. Erchiqui of University of Quebec at Abitibi-Temiscamingue,
Canada; Prof. M. Todoh of Hokkaido University, Japan; and Prof.
T. Yanagitani of Waseda University, Japan. Wide ranging topics in
materials and manufacturing, such as mechanical properties & fracture,
polymers, nanomaterials, environmental & water treatment, ceramics &
coating, composites and alloys will be covered in the conference.
I trust you will find the conference illuminating, rewarding and indeed
enjoyable. I urge you to take full advantage of this platform to engage in
networking with colleagues coming from different parts of the world. I
wish you a very pleasant stay in this wonderful city of Kuala Lumpur – a
true melting pot of different cultures.
I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to all committee
members for their tireless efforts to make the conference a success.
Once again, on behalf of the organizing committee and on my own
behalf, I welcome you all to ICoSEM2019.
A. S. M. A. Haseeb
ICoSEM2019 Chairman
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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ICoSEM2019 Organizing Committee Chairman : Prof. Dr. A.S. M. A Haseeb
Co-Chairman :
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Henk Metselaar Assoc. Prof. Dr. Farazila Yusof
Secretary
:
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Andri Andriyana Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Bushroa Abd Razak
Treasurer
:
Dr. Nazatul Liana Sukiman
Editorial Board :
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roslina Ahmad Ir. Dr. Wong Yew Hoong Dr. Shaifulazuar Rozali
Protocol and Event
:
Dr. Nor Ishida Zainal Abidin
Sponsorship and Industrial Linkages
:
Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Ang Bee Chin Dr. Mohd Ridha Muhamad
Technical and Logistics
:
Dr. Mohd Sayuti Ab Karim
Publisity and Website
: Dr. Siti Nurmaya Musa
Conference Secretariat
: Mrs. Nur Atikah Abd Hamid
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Plenary Speakers
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Plenary Speaker
Prof. Dr. Muhammad A. Wahab Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical Colleges, USA
Critical Interfacial Bonding Strength Improvements for Surface Modifications Through Electro-Plasma-Processing (EPP) and
Biomimetic Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. mwahab1@lsu.edu
Abstract
To date, there have been limited investigations reported in the Open-literature about the mysterious resemblance between Mother Nature and the manmade scientific phenomenon in the fields of adhesion, surface modifications, and thermal protections. Adhesion, despite being a common phenomenon in nature has been incredibly difficult to characterize or control in the use of industrial applications. Engineers have struggled to find an optimal economic way of bonding protective coatings onto expensive base metals without somehow changing the chemical nature of the base metal itself. Protections of expensive alloy elements within the surface coatings from high temperature and corrosive environments have always been an engineering challenge when the high maintenance, repair cost, and failures from thermal stresses are considered. For environmental protection of greater than 1100°C, Thermal-Barrier-Coatings (TBCs) have been predominantly used in the aerospace, automobile, and power-industries as an alternative to metallurgically enhanced materials. Unfortunately, the most TBC-systems are prone to failures such as, peeling, cracking, wedging, etc. Available research have made significant improvement in the bond-strength in the TBCs through chemical adhesion, but further progress and improved understanding are essential in this area. The other efficient way of improvement includes various
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
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mechanical inter-locking arrangements that occur at the micro/nano scales. This study deals primarily with the finite element simulation of these inter-locking mechanisms. The interlocking geometries are formulated in an electro-mechanical process known as Electrolytic-Plasma-Processing (EPP) that
generates an array of unique micro-geometries on material surfaces. To simulate the mechanical and thermal loads on the different micro-geometries the commercial finite element software was used along with SolidWorks for array modelling. The salient characteristic of this research is the analogy that was drawn between biological, Van Der Waals dry adhesion mechanism in Gecko feet, and that of the superficial surface of the Thermally Grown Oxide (TGO) layer in TBC; since the micro-geometry resembling “mushroom-heads” in the Gecko feet provided improved adhesion up to, as much as 10- folds, compared to other geometries (i.e., spatula head, spherical head or plain triangular crevices) analyzed. The findings of this study can attribute to the following: (i). EPP-treatment effectively modifies the surface of metals and alloys to be coated and produces an expedient morphological change that increases adhesion. (ii). The EPP-surface features have a longer shelf-life than many of its comparable technologies, making it even more economically attractive and which applies especially during corrosion applications. (iii). The mushroom-head geometry has been classically proven to be an aide to bio-adhesion; and this work further strengthens that argument and encourages new research in this direction to flourish. Keywords: Electro-Plasma-Processing (EPP), surface modifications,
thermal protections, mushroom-head geometry, Biomimetic, Gecko feet, Van Der Waals force, dry adhesion mechanism, thermal- barrier- coatings (TBC), finite element analysis
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
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Plenary Speaker
Prof. Dr. Masahiro Todoh Hokkaido University, Japan
Mineral-Tissue Mechanical Relationship in Biomimetically Remineralized Bone Tissue
Faculty of Engineering, Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Biomechanics and Robotics, Hokkaido University, Japan
todoh@eng.hokudai.ac.jp Abstract
Several methods have been developed over the past decades to biomimetically recreate the bone mineralization process under laboratory settings, which have demonstrated potentials in future clinical applications. While recent studies have shown biomimetic mineralization is able to produce mineralized collagen matrix with almost the same structural appearance and mineral composition to the natural bone tissue, knowledge concerning the end products’ mechanical properties, especially at the mineral platelet level, is still lacking. In order to better understand the mechanical response of mineral platelets to tissue level loading in biomimetically mineralized collagen matrices, the current study utilizes X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique to quantitatively characterize the mineral-tissue co-deformation in biomimetically remineralized bovine cortical bone samples prepared using the Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) process. EDTA decalcified bovine cortical bone samples with dimensions of 15mm X 4mm X 0.1mm were remineralized for 14 days. X-ray absorption technique was applied to estimate mineral volume fraction in all samples. Raman spectroscopic was used to characterize compositional changes during the remineralization process. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to obtain structural information at the micro-to-nano scale levels. Remineralized samples were compared with intact and partially decalcified samples. Each
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sample was irradiated with 1.2kW Cu-kα X-ray for 60mins at 0, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12mm applied tensile displacement. Actual tissue displacements were measured in separate settings. XRD image plate was digitized after each run and analyzed using custom designed MATLAB program to obtain mineral strain at each applied displacement. Mineral crystallinity and c-axis preferential alignment angles were also measured. 14 days of remineralization restored the mineral volume fraction of all samples to around 20%. Large volumes of mineralized tissue can be seen in SEM images. Raman spectroscopy results confirmed increased purity and crystallinity of the mineral phase in remineralized samples, however the mineral-to-matrix ratio was low comparing to natural bone as expected. XRD results show that the remineralization process failed to restore the naturally c-axis preferential alignment, and the overall crystallinity is unchanged. Mechanically, the remineralized group was found to have the lowest tissue stiffness and mineral-to-tissue co-deformation ratio. Remineralized bone via the PILP process could not restore the normal mineral-to-tissue mechanical relationship. While results in the mechanical aspects were found to be unfavorable, biomimetic remineralization process still has good potentials for its ability to create mineralized collagen matrix with chemically pure mineral phase. Keywords: Biomechanics, Bone, Remineralization, Polymer-Induced Liquid
Precursor process, X-ray diffraction
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
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Plenary Speaker
Prof. Dr. Takahiko Yanagitani Waseda University, Japan
Enhancement of Electromechanical Coupling kt2 in Rare Earth
Doped AlN Films for Bulk Acoustic Wave Filter Applications Waseda University, Japan
mwahab1@lsu.edu Abstract
Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators based on piezoelectric thin films are attracting much attention for the RF filter applications for mobile phones. In the BAW filters, both high electromechanical coupling kt
2 and low mechanical loss 1/Qm are required for piezoelectric thin film materials. Therefore, low loss AlN films are used in the BAW filters in spite of their low kt
2. Sc doped AlN films [1] are suitable for BAW [2] and SAW device applications because of their high kt
2 [2]. Here, I introduce the polarization inverted ScAlN BAW
resonators. I also report the discovery of new rare earth doping as an alternative element to the Sc.[1] M. Akiyama., Adv. Mater. 21, 593 (2008). [2] T. Yanagitani, et al., Proc. IEEE Ultrason Symp. pp. 2095 (2010).
Polarity inverted N-polar ScAlN on Al-polar ScAlN resonator excites second overtone mode. This resonator is attractive for high power handling due to the twice thicker stuck compared with standard fundamental mode resonators at same operating frequency and may be also useful for canceling a nonlinear effect of the resonator. Extraordinary N-polar growth can be induced by low energy ion bombardment during the sputtering film growth [3]. In 2014, we reported the enhancement of kt
2 in the YbGaN in the GHz range [4]. We also found high kt
2 of 11% in the YbAlN films in 2015 [5]. After that, in this spring,
a replication study by Akiyama confirmed the large piezoelectric constant in the YbAlN [6].
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
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[3] M. Suzuki, T. Yanagitani, Y. Odagawa, Appl. Phys Lett., 104, 172905 (2014). [4] T. Yanagitani and M. Suzuki, Appl. Phys Lett., 104, 082911 (2014). [5] US Patent Application 20190089325. [6] Y. Amano, et. al., JSAP Spring Meeting 10a-PA4-8, (2019).
In this study, I show the apparent increase of kt
2 of the films. kt2 were extracted
using the high overtone resonator (HBAR) conversion loss method [2, 4] in the 0.5-1 GHz. These new wurtzite nitride piezoelectric materials are also promising for lead-free high performance ultrasonic devices.
Keywords:Piezoelectric films, Bulk acoustic wave filter, Sputtering growth,
Nitride, Electromechanical coupling
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Plenary Speaker
Prof. Dr. Fouad Erchiqui University of Québec at Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Canada
New Hybrid Enthalpy Method for Anisotropic Thermal Conduction and Application to Phytosanitary Treatment of
Wood by Microwaves According to Standard ISPM-15 of the FAO
University of Québec at Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Canada fouad.erchiqui@uqat.ca
Abstract
The anisotropic problem of thermal conduction in a solid media is generally
treated in a reference coordinate system, which adequately describes its
thermal conductivity tensor (Cartesian, cylindrical or spherical). For this
problem, numerical treatment is difficult, especially if the thermophysical
properties are non-linear or if the anisotropic medium undergoes a phase
change. In this conference, we present a new approach using a Cartesian
reference system to treat the anisotropic thermal conduction of problems for
which the solid medium is characterized by a set of tensors of thermal
conductivity of different natures (Cartesian and/or cylindrical and / or
spherical), with or without phase change. For this purpose, the anisotropic
thermal conductivity tensor, with respect to a cylindrical or spherical
coordinate system, is transformed by an equivalent tensor into global
Cartesian coordinates. The nonlinear heat conduction problem involving
phase changes is solved using hybrid three-dimensional volumetric specific
enthalpy based on finite-element analysis. The proposed approach is
validated with analytical testing for anisotropic media (cylindrical and
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
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spherical) and with experimental tests. As an application, the approach is used
to quantify the minimum time required for the phytosanitary treatment of three
Canadian eastern wood species by microwaves, according to the Standard
ISPM-15 of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), established
by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
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ICoSEM2019 Conference Programme The Latitute, Level 1, Armada Hotel PJ
Day 1: 26 August 2019 (Monday)
Time Programme Venue
17:00 – 20:00
Pre-registration
The Latitude
(Level 1)
Day 2: 27 August 2019 (Tuesday)
Time Programme Venue
08:30 – 17:30 Conference Registration
The Latitude
(Level 1)
09:00 – 09:20
09:20 – 09:40
09:40 – 09:50
Opening Ceremony
Arrival of participants
Speech and officiation by Chairman,
ICoSEM2019
Photo session
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
(Level 1)
09:50 – 10:10 Morning Tea Break The Latitude
(Level 1)
10:10 – 10:50
Plenary Speaker 1
Prof. Muhammad A. Wahab
Louisiana State University and
Agricultural & Mechanical Colleges,
USA
Topic: Critical Interfacial Bonding
Strength Improvements for Surface
Modifications Through Electro-
Plasma-Processing (EPP) and
Biomimetic
Chairman: Prof. A.S.M.A Haseeb
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
(Level 1)
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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10:50 – 11:30
Plenary Speaker 2
Prof. Dr. Masahiro Todoh
Hokkaido University, Japan
Topic: Mineral-Tissue Mechanical
Relationship in Biomimetically
Remineralized Bone Tissue
Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Farazila
Yusof
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
(Level 1)
12:00 – 14:00
Lunch
Utara Coffee
House
(Lobby)
14:00 – 16:00
Session 1A
Topic: Mechanical Properties &
Fracture
Chairman: Dr. Shaifulazuar Rozali
Session 2A
Topic: Polymers
Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roslina
Ahmad
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
16:00 – 16:20
Afternoon Tea Break
The Latitude
(Level 1)
16:20 – 18:05
Session 1B
Topic: Nanomaterials
Chairman: Ir. Dr. Wong Yew Hoong
Session 2B
Topic: Environmental & Water
Treatment
Chairman: Dr. Mohd Ridha Muhamad
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
18:05 – 20:00
Welcoming Reception
The Latitude
(Level 1)
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Day 3: 28 August 2019 (Wednesday)
Time Programme Venue
08:30 – 16:00
Conference Registration
The Latitude,
(Level 1)
09:00 – 09:40
Plenary Speaker 3
Prof. Dr. Takahiko Yanagitani
Waseda University, Japan
Topic: Enhancement of
Electromechanical Coupling kt2 in Rare
Earth Doped AlN Films
for Bulk Acoustic Wave Filter
Applications
Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bushroa
Abd Razak
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
(Level 1)
09:40 – 10:20
Plenary Speaker 4
Prof. Dr. Fouad Erchiqui
University of Québec at Abitibi-
Témiscamingue, Canada
Topic: New Hybrid Enthalpy Method for
Anisotropic Thermal Conduction and
Application to Phytosanitary Treatment
of Wood by Microwaves According to
Standard ISPM-15 of the FAO
Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Andri
Andriyana
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
(Level 1)
10:20 – 10:40
Morning Tea Break
The Latitude
(Level 1)
10:40 – 12:55
Session 1C
Topic: Ceramics & Coating
Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Henk
Metselaar
Session 2C
Topic: Composites
Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roslina
Ahmad
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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12:00 – 14:00
Lunch
Utara Coffee
House
(Lobby)
14:00 – 16:45
Session 1D
Topic: Alloys
Chairman: Dr. Nazatul Liana Sukiman
Session 2D
Topic: Composites
Chairman: Ir. Dr. Wong Yew Hoong
Latitude 1.01
Latitude 1.02
16:45 – 17:05
Afternoon Tea Break
The Latitude
(Level 1)
17:05 – 17:30
Closing Ceremony
Speech by Chairman
Closing
Latitude 1.01
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Oral Presentation
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Oral Presentation – Day 2 27 August 2019 (Tuesday)
Session 1A Venue: Latitude 1.01
Topic: Mechanical Properties & Fracture Chairman: Dr. Shaifulazuar Rozali
Time Abstract number
Title & Author(s)
14:00 – 16:00
051 SHEAR ANALYSIS OF SN0.7CU SOLDERS WITH RICE HUSK ASH AS SILICA SOURCE ON ELECTROLESS NICKEL/IMMERSION SILVER (ENIAG) SURFACE FINISH M.A. Azmah Hanim, Chuan Khang Wei & T T Dele-Afolabi
078 MICRO FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMATION INDUCED PLASTICITY STEEL
Iori Sanou, Takashi Matsuno, Ikumu Watanabe & Tomohiko Houjo
057 CHARACTERISATION OF THE TENSILE AND FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF FILAMENT WOUND NATURAL FIBRE RINGS Sujith Bobba, Z. Leman, E.S. Zainudin & S.M. Sapuan
079 STRESS-STRAIN CURVE MEASUREMENT OF HARDENED STEEL SKD-11 BY PIERCING TESTS Kouta Nakagiri, Takashi Matsuno, Takashi Yasutomi, Shigeru Yonemura, Hiroto Shouji & Mitsuru Ohata
095 THE EFFECT OF THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENT ON RESIDUAL STRESS LEVEL OF A53 STEEL PIPE Raden Dadan Ramdan, Irma Pratiwi, Bagas Ade Senatama, M Bagaskara Jiwapasca, Emia Yoseva Tarigan, Dwiki Panji Kresna & Suryandaru Martawirya
080 IDENTIFICATION OF ANISOTROPIC FRACTURE STRAINS OF THIN STEEL PIPES
Takashi Matsuno, Iori Sanou,Hiroto Shouji, Mitsuru Ohata & Tomomi Hayase
065 BRAZING OF POROUS COPPER FOAM USING CU-SN-NI-P FOIL FOR HEAT SINK APPLICATION
Nur Amirah Mohd Zahri, Nur Elyiana Sahira Shafee, Farazila Yusof, S. Nurmaya Musa, Nazatul Liana Sukiman, A. S. M. A. Haseeb & Tadashi Ariga
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
26-28 August 2019 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
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Session 2A Venue: Latitude 1.02
Topic: Polymers Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roslina Ahmad
Time Abstract number
Title & Author(s)
14:00 – 16:00
003
SOLID-SOLID SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CO(II) AND NI(II) COORDINATION POLYMERS WITH LIGAND DERIVED FROM 3-METHOXY-4-HYDROXY BENZALDEHYDE AND PHENYL ALANINE Zainab Sulaiman & Junaid Na’aliya
009 CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN BASED BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTE WITH IMIDAZOLIUM IONIC LIQUID I.J. Shamsudin, H.Hanibah, A. Ahmad & N. H. Hassan
015 EFFECT OF PARTICLE INSERTION RATE AND ANGLE OF INSERTION ON SEGREGATION IN GRAVITY-DRIVEN CHUTE FLOW Ritwik Maiti & Danielle S. Tan
050 MASTER CURVE OF DYNAMIC MODULUS FOR POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXTURES Ali M. Babalghaith, Hamad A. Alsolieman, Abdulrahman S. Al-Suhaibani & Suhana Koting
071 BIOSTABLE HIGHLY ALIGNED POLYURETHANE FIBRES FOR THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF SMALL CALIBRE VASCULAR GRAFTING Chin Joo Tan, Bee Chin Ang, Andri Andriyana & Grégory Chagnon
072 THE EFFECT OF AGITATION RATE ON THE FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE Yong Hsin Nam Ernest, Lim Siew Shee, Gan Suyin & Tshai Kim Yeow
101 POLYMER BLENDING BETWEEN POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) AND POLYBUTYLENE SUCCINATE (PBS) FOR WATER FILTRATION MEMBRANE APPLICATION Lau Kia Kian
4th International Conference on the Science and Engineering of Materials (ICoSEM2019)
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Session 1B Venue: Latitude 1.01
Topic: Nanomaterials Chairman: Ir. Dr. Wong Yew Hoong
Time Abstract number
Title & Author(s)
16:20 – 18:05
046 EFFECT OF CD2+ CATIONS ON AC CONDUCTIVITY OF STEARIC ACID MIS DIODE Syed A. Malik & Asim K Ray
047 SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC PERFORMANCES OF CALCINATED CO AND NI ZIF-67 (ZEOLITIC-IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORK-67) AS AIR ELECTRODES IN ZN-AIR BATTERIES
Sheraz Ahmed, Ho-Jung Sun, Joongpyo Shim & Gyungse Park
054 CHARACTERIZATION INVESTIGATION OF ZNO, GRAPHENE, AND ZNO/GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES AS NANOSCALE LUBRICANTS ADDITIVES Waleed Alghani, Mohd Sayuti Ab Karim, Samira Bagheri, Suriani Ibrahim & M. Gulzar
030 TAILORING SUPRAMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN NITRILE FUNCTIONALIZED SILVER(I)-N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE: AN INSIGHT INVESTIGATION INTO ENHANCEMENT OF ANTITUMOR METALLODRUGS STUDIES Sunusi Y. Hussaini, Rosenani A. Haque, Mohd. R. Razalia & A. M. S. Abdul Majid
092 ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTROSPUN PVDF NANOFIBROUS MEMBRANES: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND NUMERICAL MODELING USING PIXEL-BASED HOMOGENIZATION TECHNIQUE M.S. Sukiman, A. Andriyana, B.C. Ang, C.J. Tan, T. Nuge, H.S.C. Metselaar & M. Elma
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Session 2B Venue: Latitude 1.02
Topic: Environmental & Water Treatment Chairman: Dr. Ridha Muhamad
Time Abstract number
Title & Author(s)
16:20 – 18:05
001 CATIONIC MICELLAR STRUCTURAL GROWTH AND THEIR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR IN MIXED SURFACTANTS SYSTEM Ibrahim Isah Fagge, Muntaka Dahiru, Ibrahim Usman Kutama, Shehu Habibu, Sharifuddin Md Zain & Muhammad Niyaz Khan
029 PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION IN THE MESOPHILIC BACTERIUM TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS HYDROGEN SULFIDE LADEN WASTEWATER Mani Malam Ahmad
058 BOUC-WEN HYSTERESIS PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION FOR MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER USING CUCKOO SEARCH R. Rosli, Z. Mohamed, G. Priyandoko & M.F.F.A. Rashid
059 OXICAMS – THE POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-1 AND CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 Sia Sararu, Floarea Nicolae & Adrian Beteringhe
070 SOUND ABSORPTION PERFORMANCE OF NAPIER FIBRE Zaiton Haron, Khairulzan Yahya , Nurathirah Mohd Fasli & Siti Nuranis Shaikh Abdul Hamid
098 ROLE OF SIZE (STERIC) AND CHARGE (DONNAN) EXCLUSION IN REMOVAL OF IRON FROM WATER BY HYDROPHILIC NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES Norherdawati Kasim, Abdul Wahab Mohammad & Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
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Oral Presentation – Day 3 28 August 2019 (Wednesday)
Session 1C Venue: Latitude 1.01
Topic: Ceramics & Coating Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Henk Metselaar
Time Abstract number
Title & Author(s)
10:40 – 12:55
020 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TREATMENT ON WASTE PORCELAIN TO THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PORCELAIN PRODUCTION Nur Hidayah Salmi , Mohamad Zaky Noh & Norazreen
Sharip
033 WATERPROOFING PERFORMANCE OF NANO SILICON BASED MORTAR: A RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPROACH
Nasiru Zakari Muhammad, Ali Keyvanfar, Muhd Zaimi Abd. Majid & Arezou Shafaghat
081 ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION (EPD) OF BIOGLASS 45S5 REINFORCED ZIRCONIA FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION Chin Hao Zac, AR Bushroa, M Rizwan & Masoud Sarraf
084 THE EFFECT OF CEMENT CONTENT ON DRYING SHRINKAGE OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT Mehdi Abbasi, Payam Shafigh & Mohamad Rizal Bin Baharum
035 CZT THIN FILM USING SIMULTANEOUS VACUUM EVAPORATION Monisha Chakraborty & M.S.J.Hashmi
040 HYBRID ORGANIC/INORGANIC ADDITIVE FOR FUNCTIONAL PROTECTIVE COATING
Iling Aema Wonnie Ma, Ammar Shafaamri, Ramesh Kasi & Ramesh T. Subramaniam
056 CRACK GROWTH MODEL FOR THERMAL BARRIER COATING WITH VARIOUS RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN STATIC CONDITION APPLICATION
Salmi Mohd Yunus, Abreeza Manap & Savisha Mahalingam
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086 IMPROVEMENT OF COATING CHARACTERISTICS VIA IMPROVISED PLASMA ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION (PEO) SET-UP
M.S Sharizal, A.R. Bushroa & Mitra Akhtari Zavareh
102 PZT FAMILY EPITAXIAL THICK FILM FOR ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER AT FREQUENCIES BELOW 100MHZ Yuka Mazda & Takahiko Yanagitani
Session 2C Venue: Latitude 1.02
Topic: Composites Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roslina Ahmad
Time Abstract number
Title & Author(s)
10:40 – 12:55
032 SIC-FE3O4 HYBRID FILLER EFFECT ON MICROSTRUCTURE, MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM MATRIX COMPOSITE
Negin Ashrafi, M.A. Azmah Hanim, S Sulaiman, Tang Sai Hong & Masoud Sarraf
021 EFFECT OF THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL (THM) TREATMENT ON PARASERIANTHES FALCATARIA LAMINA SAWN TIMBERS’ DENSITY AND MOISTURE CONTENT Charles Michael Albert & Liew Kang Chiang
016 BOND STRESS SLIP OF FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE Muhammad Fikril Azim Abdul Sani, Rahimah Muhamad & Kim Hung Mo
022 TENSION STIFFENING BEHAVIOUR OF ORDINARY PORTLAND AND GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE; REVIEW Hamdi Abdulrahaman & Rahimah Muhamad
005 EFFECTS OF DENSIFICATION ON LOW DENSITY PLANTATION SPECIES FOR CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER
Tan Yu Feng & Liew Kang Chiang
034 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH MORTARS WITH FINE RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATES
Sallehan Ismail, Mohammad Asri Abd Hamid & Zaiton Yaacob
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043 SYNTHESIS OF CO/CNT COMPOSITES DERIVED FROM ZIF-67 AND THEIR APPLICATION TO ANODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
Nguyen Thi My Hao, Yunhwa Kim, Ho-Jung Sun, Gyungse Park & Joongpyo Shim
045 THE PH OF CONCRETE AS DURABILITY ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES Sumra Yousuf, Payam Shafigh, Salmia Beddu & Zainah Ibrahim
069 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOPSIS AND VIKOR FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL SELECTION Aamir Adeeb Abdul Rahim, S. Nurmaya Musa & S. Ramesh
Session 1D Venue: Latitude 1.01
Topic: Alloys Chairman: Dr. Nazatul Liana Sukiman
Time Abstract number
Title & Author(s)
14:00 – 16:45
014 HIGH TEMPERATURE TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF ZR-2.5 WT % NB ALLOY PRESSURE TUBES USED IN IPHWR220
Saptarshi Dutta, P.S.Robi & P. Majumdar
019 EFFECT OF NITROGEN DIPPING ON MICROSTRUCTURE, WETTABILITY AND STRENGTH OF ECAPED SAC SOLDER JOINT
M.S Nurulakmal & T.Y. Koay
036 A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CR ADDITION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A COLD ROLLED FE-NI LATERITE BAINITIC STEEL Fatayalkadri Citrawati, Septian Adi Chandra, Dedi Irawan & Joko Triwardono
039 RICE HUSK ASH (RHA) AS SILICA SOURCE IN SN-CU SOLDERS ON BARE COPPER SURFACE FINISH N. Muhamad Kamil, M.A. Azmah Hanim, T.T. Dele-Afolabi & K. Vidyatharran
041 REMAINING CREEP LIFE PREDICTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE PRESSURE PRIMARY SUPERHEATER COMPONENTS OF HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR
Juliana Ab. Kadir, Mr. Hashim Othman & Ir. Hambali Chik
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042 PREVENTING BRITTLE FRACTURE OF METALLIC MATERIALS IN OIL AND GAS COMPANIES THROUGH MANDATORY CONTROL FRAMEWORK DURING DESIGN, ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION M Hasbi A Razak & Noor Syamiza Abdul Malik
048 CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOY PIPELINE: CREATING KNOWLEDGE BEHIND THE SCENES M Hasbi A Razak & Nur Izyan Mukhtar
060 IN-SITU STUDY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL MIGRATION OF TIN IN PRESENCE OF BROMIDE ION Ee Lynn Lee, A. S. M. A. Haseeb, Y. H. Wong, M. F. M. Sabri & B. Y. Low
061 EFFECT OF VARYING VOLTAGE AND CONCENTRATION OF ADIPIC ACID ON ELECTROCHEMICAL MIGRATION OF TIN
Yi Sing Goh, A. S. M. A. Haseeb, Y. H. Wong, M. F. M. Sabri & B. Y. Low
073 EVALUATION OF FORCE-DEFLECTION BEHAVIOR OF NITI ARCHWIRE AT DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS OF BRACKET SYSTEM M.N. Ahmad, A.S. Mahmud, M.F. Razali, N. Mokhtar & C. W. Ng
100 MICROSTRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL AND TRIBO-CORROSION BEHAVIORS OF AL2O3 NANOTUBES COATED ON ALUMINUM ALLOYS SERIES 7 (AA7075) FOR PALM-BASED BIODIESEL ENGINE APPLICATION Masoud Sarraf & Nazatul Liana Sukiman
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Session 2D Venue: Latitude 1.02
Topic: Composites Chairman: Ir. Dr. Wong Yew Hoong
Time Abstract number
Title & Author(s)
14:00 – 16:45
025 PROCESSING TECHNIQUES OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND THEIR REINFORCED COMPOSITES
Ranvijay Kumar, Rupinder Singh, IPS Ahuja & M.S.J. Hashmi
074 ROLE OF ZRO2 ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND TENSILE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL AL-20MG2SI-2CU METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE Hamidreza Ghandvar; Tuty Asma Abubakar & Nur Afiqah Sukiman
075 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES USING NATURAL RUBBER (NR) AND SPECIALTY RUBBER REINFORCED BIO-COMPOSITE MATERIAL Shamsul Kamaruddin, Muhammad Hasif Zakaria & Ai Bao Chai
088 CRUSTACEAN CHITIN NANOMATERIAL AS REINFORCEMENT FOR BIOBASED POLYMER Miftahul Hidayat Maskur, Wan Mohd Fazli Wan Nawawi, Fathilah Ali & Maan Fahmi Rashid Al-Khatib
044 NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SEMI-RIGID BEAM-TO-COLUMN COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS IN COLD-FORMED STEEL
Faisal Amsyar, Tan Cher Siang, Arizu Sulaiman & Ma Chau Khun
089 EFFECT OF 45S5 BIOACTIVE GLASS ON THE SINTERING TEMPERATURE OF TITANIUM-HYDROXYAPATITE COMPOSITE Dayana Syafiqah Abu Bakar, Muralithran Govindan Kutty, Ali Abdullah Alwan Al-Maqtari & Noor Azlin Yahya
090 NICKEL FERRITE / CHITOSAN COMPOSITE AS A RADAR ABSORBING MATERIAL ON MISSILE: A REVIEW AND PROSPECTIVE Maspin Apit & Romie Oktovianus Bura
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094 IMPEDANCE CHRACTERISATION OF CARBON BLACK EPOXY COMPOSITES Raja Nor Izawati Raja Othman & Nazrul Hakim Abdullah
096 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING COMPONENT USING NATURAL RUBBER BIOCOMPOSITES Thamish Patmanathan, Chai Ai Bao & Shamsul Kamaruddin
083 SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE MODELLING OF BROMELAIN FROM PINEAPPLE Nor Ayuni Abdul Manan, Ragheed Hussam Yousif, Kamyar Shameli & Nurulbahiyah Ahmad Khairudin
103 SCALN FREE–STANDING 0.1 MM PIEZOELECTRIC PLATES IN THE 30–50 MHZ RESONANCE FREQUENCY Chiaki Masamune, Rei Karasawa & Takahiko Yanagitani
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List of Abstracts
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Abstract A001
Cationic Micellar Structural Growth and Their Viscoelastic
Behavior in Mixed Surfactants System
Ibrahim Isah Fagge1,2*, Muntaka Dahiru2,3, Ibrahim Usman Kutama1, Shehu
Habibu2, Sharifuddin Md Zain2 & Muhammad Niyaz Khan2 1*Faculty of Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil,
Nigeria. 2Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
3School of Technology, Kano State Polytechnic, Nigeria.
iifagge@gmail.com
Abstract
This study discusses the mechanistic details of the cationic micellar
transition (growth) in a mixed surfactant system. The aqueous mixed
surfactant solution contains cationic micelles at a concentration greater
than CMC (critical micelle concentration). These micelles yield a
pseudophase of various viscoelastic behavior. Effects of inert
counterionic salts (MX) on the rates of bimolecular reactions (with one of
the reactants as reactive counterion) in the presence of ionic micelles
may result in either positive or negative catalysis. The kinetics of mixed
cationic-noionic micellar-catalysed bimolecular reactions has been used
as a probe in the report.
Keywords: Piperidine, Phenyl Salicylate, Micellar structural growth,
Semi empirical kinetics, Spherical micelles, and Wormlike micelles
Abstract A003
Solid-Solid Synthesis and Characterization of Co(II) and
Ni(II) Coordination Polymers with Ligand Derived from 3-
Methoxy-4-Hydroxy Benzaldehyde and Phenyl Alanine
Zainab Sulaiman1, 2 & Junaid Na’aliya2*
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1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, College of Science and
Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa, Nigeria. 2*Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, P. M. B.
3011, Kano, Nigeria.
zsjahun@yahoo.com
Abstract
Two coordination polymers with general formula [MII3L3(H2O)12].H2O,
(M= Co or Ni), have been synthesized via the one step solid state
synthesis with ligand derived from 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde
and phenylalanine. The compounds were characterized by elemental
analysis, ESI-Mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy,
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and conductivity measurements. Data
from experimental results showed that the ligand binds to two metal
centers in a bidentate (O,O) manner through the phenolic and carboxylic
oxygen respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the ligand and the
coordination polymers were investigated and found active against some
selected bacterial and fungal species.
Keywords: solid–solid reaction, coordination polymer, mass
spectrometry, thermal decomposition, antimicrobial activity
Abstract A005
Effects of Densification on Low Density Plantation Species
for Cross Laminated Timber
Tan Yu Feng & Liew Kang Chiang*
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Forestry Complex, Universiti
Malaysia Sabah, Sabah.
liewkc@ums.edu.my
Abstract
This paper aims to determine the relationship of densifying wood
materials and the mechanical strength of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT).
Plantation grown species with low density wood, Batai (Falcataria
moluccana) was utilized in this study to develop CLT for structural
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application. The laminas were pre-treated with high temperature steam
to soften the wood structure, prior to densification. Subsequently, the
laminas were pressed in radial direction by using a laboratory hot press
machine at 170 oC, 2 MPa, for 45 minutes [1]. The process was carried
out in a closed system where the targeted thickness was controlled with
metal stops of 3 mm. The laminas were then cooled to below boiling
before subjected to production of CLT panels. Three-layers CLT panels
were produced by bonding the densified laminas using Phenol-
Resorcinol Formaldehyde (PRF). CLT manufactured from undensified
laminas acts as a control in this study. Density of wood after densification
and springback followed by bending strength and stiffness of CLT were
determined. Results show that densification increases density of the
wood materials. Bending strength of CLT were improved for densified
materials as compared to the control. Pre-steaming of the materials
before densification increases the compressibility of the wood which give
higher density, thus lead to the improvement of CLT strength and
stiffness.
Keywords: Densification, steaming, low density wood, cross laminated
timber, springback
Abstract A009
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Biopolymer Electrolyte with
Imidazolium Ionic Liquid
I.J. Shamsudina*, H.Hanibahb, A. Ahmadc & N. H. Hassanc aChemistry Department, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National
Defence University of Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. bCentre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Cawangan Selangor,
Kampus Dengkil, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia. cSchool of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor,
Malaysia.
intanjuliana@upnm.edu.my
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Abstract
Solid biopolymer electrolyte based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMChi)
has been successfully prepared with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-
methylimidazolium acetate, [Bmim][OAc] as the charge carrier. The
strong interactions of the ionic liquid with the biopolymer host is detected
by several changes in the FTIR spectra. The decreased percentage of
the crystallinity index derived from the XRD diffractograms suggests the
amorphous nature of the film prepared. SEM observations showed
formation of the linkages due to the plasticizing effect of [Bmim][OAc].
Higher amount of [Bmim][OAc] leads to the enhancement in the ionic
conductivity, σ. The highest σ achieved is (3.05 ± 0.35) x 10-3 S cm-1
measured at ambient temperature. The highest conducting electrolyte
achieved high electrochemical stability up to ±2.8 V measured by linear
sweep voltammetry (LSV). Transference number measurement confirms
that ions are the major contributor in the conduction of electrolyte with
±0.980 ion transference number.
Keywords: Carboxymethyl chitosan, ionic liquid, imidazolium,
biopolymer electrolytes, ionic conductivity
Abstract A014
High Temperature Tensile Behaviour of Zr-2.5 Wt % Nb Alloy
Pressure Tubes Used in IPHWR220
Saptarshi Dutta1*, P.S.Robi2 & P. Majumdar3 1*Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, India. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, India.
3Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India.
d.saptarshi@iitg.ac.in
Abstract
The pressure tubes that are being used in Indian Pressurized Heavy
Water Reactor (IPHWR) of 220 MWe are made of Zr–2.5 wt % Nb alloy.
The mechanical behaviour of these components depends on the
processing route adapted. These tubes are manufactured by hot
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extrusion, which is followed by two stages of cold pilgering along with
intermediate annealing and autoclaving. In this work, tensile tests of un-
irradiated Zr–2.5Nb alloy tube were done in the temperature range from
25 – 750oC. The tests were carried out under a constant nominal strain-
rate of ~ 1 x 10 -4 s-1 and tensile properties such as 0.2% offset yield
stress, ultimate tensile stress, total elongation, Young’s modulus were
determined. At lower temperature, strain hardening was dominant at the
onset of plastic deformation whereas at high temperature flow softening
was observed. The material exhibited large strain at elevated
temperature indicative of super plasticity. Microstructural investigation
revealed the nature of variation in ductility and flow stress as a function
of test temperature. Fracture studies revealed brittle fracture at room
temperature whereas at elevated temperatures the fracture mechanism
was by ductile failure.
Keywords: Zr-2.5Nb alloy, pressure tube, elevated temperature, tensile
properties, super plasticity
Abstract A015
Effect of Particle Insertion Rate and Angle of Insertion on
Segregation in Gravity-Driven Chute Flow
Ritwik Maiti & Danielle S. Tan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore,
Singapore.
mpe_dtan@nus.edu.sg
Abstract
The dense granular assembly exhibits very unique behaviour as it is
driven by external forces like shearing, vibration, stirring etc. The
behaviour of a flowing granular medium could be very complex as the
medium can flow almost like a fluid and pack like a solid. The flow of
granular material shows many unique phenomena like segregation,
convection, bubbling, jamming etc. and many outstanding behaviours in
nature like sand dunes, sand ripples, rock avalanche, pyroclastic flow
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etc. ‘Segregation’ or ‘de-mixing’ is a very unique phenomenon, where
particles are separated according to their grain size through a
combination of ‘kinetic sieving’ and ‘squeeze expulsion’ [1]. Segregation
exhibits numerous problems during manufacturing, processing,
handling, packaging etc. Over the years, several methods (such as
improvement of material properties, proper selection of handling
equipment, operational parameters, addition of viscous fluid in mixture)
have been used to minimise segregation [2–5]. However, very little
attention has been paid to minimize the segregation by controlling the
external factors. In the present study we investigate the effects on
segregation by varying the external factors in a gravity-driven semi-
circular chute flow. Specifically, we consider the situation where a 3rd
species is added to a granular mixture composed of 2 different sized-
species. The excitation experienced by the mixture during the flow and
addition process typically results in segregation by size: small particles
percolate to the bottom whereas large particles are squeezed up to the
free surface. Our goal is to investigate whether the third species can be
added in such a way that the resulting segregation is reduced, i.e. the
mixture remains homogeneously mixed. Discrete Element Method
(DEM) has been applied for this study by using the open source DEM
tool LIGGGHTS [6]. The studied configuration is a three dimensional
semi-circular chute 500 mm long and of inner diameter 145 mm. The
chute is oriented at different inclination angles with horizontal (15°-35°)
and periodic boundary conditions are applied along the flow direction to
model an infinitely long chute. A provision has been made to insert
particles across the chute at the free surface of binary mixture. We
systemically varied the rate of particle addition and the angle of particle
insertion to observe their effect on the mixture segregation. Generally,
for all inclinations simulated, we found that the tendency of segregation
decreases up to some extent when we increase the rate of particle
addition and when the injection angle is in the same direction as bulk
particle flow.
Keywords: Granular flow, Chute flow, Segregation, DEM, Volumetric
particle addition
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Abstract A016
Bond Stress Slip of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete
Muhammad Fikril Azim Abdul Sani1, Rahimah Muhamad &Kim Hung Mo2* 1Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
2*Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya.
fikrilazim995@gmail.com
Abstract
The bond behaviour of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (FABGC)
using Class F fly ash under pull-out loading is still under investigation.
Fly ash, as a by-product materials, was utilized to replace Ordinary
Portland cement (OPC) concrete as construction materials. This paper
assess the effect of compressive strength, concrete cover-to-diameter
(C/D) ratio and embedment length (ld) on the bond strength of FABGC
by performing pull-out test. The test was carried out to determine the
effect of those parameters on the bond behaviour of the FABGC with
steel reinforcement. Generally, higher bond strength could be observed
in any specimens with higher compressive strength. Also, C/D ratio
shows the same observation, meaning that the strength increases as the
C/D ratio increased. Besides that, an increase of bond length (ld) tends
to result in reduction of bond strength. It was observed that the trend for
bond stress-slip curves obtained for FABGC is quite identical to OPC and
thus proving that utilization of FABGC is suitable for structural
application. Those observation will be reviewed further in this paper as a
preliminary study to investigate the effect of those parameters
experimentally on the Class F FABGC bond specimens for development
towards utilization of this green cement in structural applications
Keywords: geopolymer concrete, bond strength, pull-out test, C/D ratio,
embedment length
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Abstract A019
Effect of Nitrogen Dipping on Microstructure, Wettability and
Strength of ECAPed SAC Solder Joint
M.S Nurulakmal1* & T.Y. Koay1
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering
Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
srnurul@usm.my
Abstract
Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) family of alloys is one of the most widely used lead-free
solder for electronic packaging, and this stems from their advantage
being relatively comparable melting point with that of SnPb, good
wettability and good mechanical properties. However, advancement in
packaging technology requires higher reliability solder especially with the
miniaturization of solder joint. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is
one of the technique used to introduce refinement of grains meant to
improve mechanical properties of metals and alloys. This project aims to
assess the influence of nitrogen dipping prior to passing the solder
sample through an ECAP die in order to refine the microstructure of
solder and thus, gain improvement of mechanical properties of solder
joint. The purpose of dipping in nitrogen is trying to avoid grain growth
during ECAP process, as solder is relatively low melting alloy and the
grains could potentially grow as they are subjected to heat during ECAP.
Larger grains would have a negative impact to the mechanical
properties. In this work, commercial Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder
alloy was subjected to severe plastic deformation via ECAP for 1 pass,
and prior to this, the samples were dipped in nitrogen for 10, 20 and 30
minutes. Hardness measurement was taken along with assessing the
wettability of solder reflowed on bare Cu substrate. XRD phase analysis
was carried out to analyse the phases present and also measuring the
crystallize size of ECAPed samples. Strength of solder joint was
determined via a lap joint shear strength test. Solders dipped in nitrogen
was found to have higher hardness compared to as-cast solder, and
ECAPed sample without dipping. Their wettability behaviour had also
improved along with the strength of solder joint. This improvement could
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very likely caused by the grain refinement as observed in ECAPed
dipped in nitrogen samples via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and
also the more uniform distribution of eutectic network. The results
showed that dipping in nitrogen for 10 minutes gave the best
improvement and longer dipping (20 and 30 minutes) seems to have
deterioting effect to the wettability and mechanical properties.
Combination of dipping in nitrogen and ECAP process has shown to offer
good improvement on the wettability and mechanical properties of
solder, and could potentially lead to higher reliability of solder joint.
Keywords: nitrogen dipping, ECAP, microstructure, SAC solder,
wettability, shear strength
Abstract A020
Effect of Different Treatment on Waste Porcelain to the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Production
Nur Hidayah Salmi1, Mohamad Zaky Noh2*& Norazreen Sharip 1,2*Materials Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Educational Hub, 84600 Pagoh,
Johor, Malaysia. 1salmihidayah@yahoo.com, 2*zaky@uthm.edu.my
Abstract
Porcelain has very great physical and mechanical properties but it was
brittle and easy to break. Once broken, the values dropped and
become waste. Waste porcelain (WP) has the opportunity to recycle to
form a new porcelain product by processing the waste through the
appropriate treatments. The WP powder was prepared by crushing and
milling until the particle size 50 m. Partly the WP powder was heat
treated at 700 C for 1 hour and the other part was acid treated in 1
molar HCl for 30 minutes and follwed by drying in oven at 110 C for 24
hours. The untreated WP was remained as reference. The untreated
and treated WP powder were pelleted at 91 MPa mould pressure and
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sintered at 1100 C, 1150 C, 1200 C and 1250 C with 1 hour dwell
time. The samples were then measured the physical and mechanical
properties. The chemical compostion of WP was analysed by X-ray
fluorescene analyser (XRF). The sintered sample was analysed by X-
ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The
sample sintered at 1150 C showed the highest density with 2.47
g/cm3. The compressive strength for untreated, heat and acid treated at
sintering temperature 1200 C were 256 MPa, 527 MPa and 689 MPa
respectively. Recycling waste porcelain has great potential in ceramics
industry for the future.
Keywords: Densification, steaming, low density wood, cross laminated
timber, springback
Abstract A021
Effect of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) Treatment on
Paraserianthes Falcataria Lamina Sawn Timbers’ Density
and Moisture Content
Charles Michael Albert1 & Liew Kang Chiang2*
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Forestry Complex, Universiti
Malaysia Sabah
liewkc@ums.edu.my
Abstract
Paraserianthes falcataria, a low-density wood species underwent
thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) densification method, which was the
combination of pre-steaming and compression by hot-pressing, in order
to increase its density and mechanical performance. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the impact of combination between pre-steaming
and densification via hot pressing on Paraserianthes falcataria lamina
sawn timbers’ density and moisture content. Thirteen different
parameters (NS/ND, NS/D1, NS/D2, NS/D3, S1/D1, S1/D2, S1/D3,
S2/D1, S2/D2, S2/D3, S3/D1, S3/D2 and S3/D3; whereby NS (non-pre
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steamed), S1 (steamed 10 minutes), S2 (steamed for 10 minutes), S3
(steamed for 30 minutes), ND (non-densified), D1 (4 MPa hot pressing
pressure), D2 (6 MPa hot pressing pressure), and D3 (8 MPa hot
pressing pressure) were applied to indicate densified and non-densified;
pre-steamed and non-pre-steamed Paraserianthes falcataria lamina
sawn timbers. Density of Paraserianthes falcataria samples were
measured by using density formula (kg/m³), and moisture content (%)
were determined by using moisture meter. After 7 days of density and
moisture content measurement, this study found out that S3/D3 had
better mean of density due to highest steaming duration (30 minutes)
and highest pressing pressure (8 MPa) during thermo-hydro mechanical
(THM) treatment, and the lowest mean of density was NS/D1, whereby
it was treated by 4 MPa hot-pressing without pre-steaming process.
Moreover, S2/D1 had the highest mean of moisture content percentage,
while S3/D3 had the lowest mean of moisture content percentage.
Keywords: Thermo-hydro Mechanical, Densification, Paraserianthes
falcataria, Density, Moisture Content, Hot-Pressing, Pre-steaming
Abstract A022
Tension Stiffening Behaviour of Ordinary Portland and
Geopolymer Concrete; Review
Hamdi Abdulrahaman1 & Rahimah Muhamad2* 1Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
2*Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya
hamdialsofi@gmail.com
Abstract
The contribution of concrete to carry tensile stresses in cracked
reinforced concrete sections or so-called “tension stiffening”- has gained
a lot of attention among researchers. This paper aims to summarise and
discuss all findings on tension stiffening effects of both ordinary portland
and geopolymer reinforced concrete in order to give a clearer
understanding of tension stiffening behavior. This paper also
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emphasized various parameters that play a significant role in tension
stiffening behavior including bond-slip relationship and compressive
strength of reinforced concrete. In general, most researchers have
proved that fly ash geopolymer reinforced concrete exhibits less carbon
footprints and cheaper construction materials compared to ordinary
portland reinforced concrete. Moreover, it has comparable compressive
strength, bond strength, tension stiffening, and higher sulfate and heat
resistance. Hence, This paper provided a comprehensive overview of
state-of-the-art research on tension stiffening and the material
compositions of both conventional and fly ash geopolymer reinforced
concrete geopolymers including experimental, numerical and analytical
studies. The possibility of adopting tension stiffening models of Portland
concrete to be used for fly ash geopolymer reinforced concrete is also
emphasized.
Keywords: Tension stiffening, Geopolymer Concrete, Portland
Concrete, Cracking, Bond Strength
Abstract A025
Processing Techniques of Polymeric Materials and their
Reinforced Composites
Ranvijay Kumar1,2, Rupinder Singh1*, IPS Ahuja2 & M.S.J. Hashmi3 1Department of Production Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College,
Ludhiana, India. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
3School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, DCU, Dublin, Ireland.
rupindersingh78@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper reports the state of art review for processing techniques used
in recycling of thermoplastics polymers with different types of
reinforcements, especially for adiitive manufacturing (AM) applications.
In last two decades some studies have reported use of primery (1°),
secondary (2°), tertiary (3°) and quartenery (4°) ways to process
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polymeric materials from recycling view point. But hither to very less has
been reported on standardization of 1°/2°/3°/4° routes in AM
applications. The present study will bridge the gaps for use of 1°/2°/3°/4°
routes as an industrial proceeing standard with low cost AM technology
which have been presented as four case studies for each route for field
engineers.
Keywords: primery, secondary, tertiary, quartenary recycling, additive
manufacturing
Abstract A029
Parameters Optimization in The Mesophilic Bacterium
Treatment of Aqueous Hydrogen Sulfide Laden Wastewater
Mani Malam Ahmad
Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Kano University of
Science and Technology, Wudil, 3244, Kano, Nigeria
mmahmadu@gmail.com
Abstract
The optimization of linear and interactions effect to some notable process
parameters was found to effectively enhance this eco-friendly, biological
hydrogen sulfide oxidation. The present work investigated the potential
of Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 49128) in the mitigation of sulfide from
aqueous medium under optimum batch culture conditions. This was
approached statistically using response surface methodology (RSM) as
a tool to predict the synergistic effects of initial hydrogen sulfide
concentration (100-500 ppm), temperature (30-40 ºC) and aeration rates
(0.5-2.5 vvm) on biological sulfide oxidation at fixed agitation of 140 rpm
and 8 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). A total number of 20 experimental
runs with 6 center points were carried out. The results were analyzed
and validated using statistical indices for the fitness of the obtained
quadratic models. The analysis of variance showed that more than 99%
of the variation was explained by the models. There was a good
agreement between predicted and observed values. The optimum sulfide
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removal of 449.87 ppm was achieved at the influent hydrogen sulfide
concentration, temperature and aeration rates of 500 ppm, 35 ºC, and
1.5 vvm in 8 h, respectively. Therefore, the finding depicted the adequacy
of the obtained model in enhancing P. putida sulfide oxidation. The
model was further affirmed with SEM-EDXS analysis, revealing oxidized
sulfide geomicrobiological aggregates coupled with elemental
composition spectrum.
Keywords: Optimization, Parameter, Sulfide, Oxidation, Bacteria,
Wastewater
Abstract A030
Tailoring Supramolecular Interactions in Nitrile
Functionalized Silver(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene: An Insight
Investigation into Enhancement of Antitumor Metallodrugs
Studies
Sunusi Y. Hussaina, Rosenani A. Haquea, Mohd. R. Razalia & A. M. S. Abdul
Majidb aSchool of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
bEMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. cDepartment of Chemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil,
Kano, Nigeria.
sunusiyahya69@yahoo.com
Abstract
A series of aliphatic nitrile functionalized benzimidazolium salts, 1-6 and
their respective mononuclear Ag(I)-NHC complexes, 7-12 are reported.
Salts 1-6 were synthesized by the suitable method of N-alkylation, with
1H-benzimidazole was firstly reacted with an appropriate alkyl bromide,
followed by reaction with either 5-bromovaleronitrile or 6-
bromohexanenitrile, respectively. The respective mononuclear Ag(I)-
NHC complexes 7-12 were prepared by the reaction of the
benzimidazolium salts with Ag2O. All the synthesized compounds were
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characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The
molecular structure of complexes 7 and 11 was elucidated through single
crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The benzimidazolium salts and their
respective Ag(I)-NHC complexes were screened for their potential
cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), using MTT assay. The
presence of supramolecular interactions between Ag(I) ions and the
nitrile groups are observed to support the cytotoxicity properties of the
complexes by slowing down the releasing rate of the metal ions. All the
Ag(I)-NHC complexes show a slightly better or lesser activity with IC50
values ranging from 7.0±1.06 – 12.9±1.55 µM in comparison with the
standard drug, Tamoxifen (IC50 = 11.2±1.84 µM). All the respective
benzimidazolium salts, however were found to be inactive.
Keywords: N-Heterocyclic carbene; Ag(I)-NHC; Benzimidazolium salts;
Anticancer studies; Supramolecular interactions; Lipophilicity studies
Abstract A032
SiC-Fe3O4 Hybrid Filler Effect on Microstructure, Magnetic
Permeability and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Matrix
Composite
Negin Ashrafi1*, M.A. Azmah Hanim1,2*, S Sulaiman1, Tang Sai Hong1 &
Masoud Sarraf3 1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Research Center Advance Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC),
Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia. 3Centre of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 1*ashrafinegiin@gmail.com ; 1,2*azmah@upm.edu.my
Abstract
The development of lightweight aluminum alloys and its application in
various industries such as automotive, aerospace, defense, and
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electrical are due to its significant properties including excellent corrosion
resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and lower coefficient of thermal
expansion. To increase its coverage of functionality, hybrid fillers addition
into aluminum makes them multifunctional low-weight materials by
developing magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity. Mechanical
properties of the composite depend on the percentage of reinforcement
materials, and microstructure and volume fraction of dendritic α-Al and
other factors. Based on that, the different weight percentage of hybrid
fillers added into Aluminium matrix, and an optimum amount of hybrid
filer (Sic-Fe3O4) needed to modify the magnetic property has been
investigated. In this experiment, powder metallurgy method was used for
the manufacturing process. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
equipped with EDS and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) has been utilized for
metallographic examination of the composite. Mechanical tests such as
tensile and hardness test were conducted to study the mechanical
properties. The aim was to define the influence of hybrid fillers on
mechanical properties, magnetic permeability and microstructure of the
composite.
Keywords: Aluminum composite, microstructure, mechanical
properties, magnetic property, SiC, Fe3O4, hybrid filler
Abstract A033
Waterproofing Performance of Nano Silicon Based Mortar: A
Response Surface Methodology Approach
Nasiru Zakari Muhammad1, Ali Keyvanfar 2, Muhd Zaimi Abd. Majid 4 & Arezou
Shafaghat3 1Department of Civil Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology,
Wudil, PMB 3244, Kano 20027, Nigeria. 2Jacob School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093,
USA. 3MIT-UTM MSCP Program, Intitute of Sultan Iskandar, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
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4UTM Construction Research Centre (UTM CRC), Institute for Smart
Infrastructure and Innovative Construction, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
mnasiruzakari@kustwudil.edu.ng
Abstract
Water penetration into concrete structures can causes alots of iproblems
ranging from reinforcement corrosion, poor aesthetic of building façade,
cracks and other forms of degradation. To avoid these problems and
thus, for the purposes of eliminating maintenance cost, a number of
waterproofing admixtures are currently used to increase concrete
service life. This study investigates and established waterproofing
performance of nano silicon based mortar. In this regard, nano silicon
was characterized using water contact angle and nuclear magnetic
resonance Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to
establish the optimum mix ratio. The relationship between the
experimental factors (nano silcon dosage and water cemet ratio) and
response (water absorption) was modelled and validity of the model was
further evaluated to ensure accurate predictions. Optimum mix ratio,
required to reduce water absorption was established at nano silicon
dosage of 6.6% by weight of cement and w/c of 0.42. To this effect, the
results indicated that resistance to water absorption by immersion
increased by 37%.. Macrostructure test indicated a good quality mortar
specimen recorded an Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) value of 3623
(m/s). In addition, FESEM indicated the formation of a crystalline
hydrophobic thin film layer of nano silicon within the pore structure of the
mortar specimen. In conclusion, Nano silicon can be used as
waterproofing admixture.
Keywords: Waterproof, Nano silicon , Water absorption, Microstructure
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Abstract A034
Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Mortars with Fine
Recycled Concrete Aggregates
Sallehan Ismail1*, Mohammad Asri Abd Hamid2 & Zaiton Yaacob2 1Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying
1Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch, Seri Iskandar Campus, 32610 Seri
Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
Green Safe Cities Research Group, Green Technology and Sustainable
Development Research Community
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor. 2Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor.
salle865@uitm.edu.my
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of replacing natural fine aggregate
(NFA) or natural sand with fine recycled concrete aggregate (FRCA) on
the mechanical properties, including density, compressive strength, and
flexural strength, of high-strength cement-based mortar. Several mortar
mixtures were produced by adding various FRCAs to the mixture in
percentages of replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of NFA
content. The dynamic behavior of the recycled mortar under impact
loading using a Split–Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was also
evaluated. Overall, results showed that the mechanical performance of
the recycled mortar decreased with increasing FRCA replacement level.
FRCA at ratios of up to 25% exerted minimal adverse effects on the
mechanical properties of mortar
Keywords: Compressive strength; Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate;
Flexural strength; Recycled Mortar; split Hopkinson pressure bar test
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Abstract A035
CZT Thin Film using Simultaneous Vacuum Evaporation
Monisha Chakraborty1 & M.S.J.Hashmi2 1Associate Professor, School of Bio-Science & Engineering, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata-700032, India. 2Emeritus Professor, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering,
Dublin City University, Dublin-9, Ireland. 1monishachakraborty@rediffmail.com, 2saleem.hashmi@dcu.ie
Abstract
Ternary semiconductor Cd1-xZnxTe is a solid state material for high
energy radiation detection. This has wide and tunable bandgap (1.45-
2.25 eV). It has high resistivity and low noise generation. This can be
used for room temperature radiation detection. It has improved charge
collection efficiency and very good radiation absorption power for high
energy radiations. High energy imaging for diagnostic and surveillance
science demands for large area detectors. Large area imaging can only
be addressed in thin film form. Thin films of ternary semiconductor can
be deposited by various methods like PVD, CVD, MOCVD, Liquid Phase
Epitaxy (LPE), Closed Space Sublimation (CSS), Magnetron Sputtering
etc. In this paper, fabrication of thin film of Cd1-xZnxTe by simultaneous
vacuum evaporation and fusion of CdTe and ZnTe powders from the
same vacuum evaporation unit is discussed. Fabricated film is then
subjected to characterization studies.
Keywords: Semiconductor, CdTe, ZnTe, Cd1-xZnxTe, simultaneous
vacuum evaporation, PVD, thin films
Abstract A036
A Study on The Effect of Cr Addition on The Mechanical
Properties of a Cold Rolled Fe-Ni Laterite Bainitic Steel
Fatayalkadri Citrawati, Septian Adi Chandra, Dedi Irawan & Joko Triwardono
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Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,
Indonesia.
fata002@lipi.go.id
Abstract
In this study, the role of Cr addition in increasing strength and its
drawback with impurities and segregation in a deformed Fe-Ni lateritic
steel followed by austempering is observed. The effect of adding as
much as 2 wt% and 3 wt% of Cr to mechanical properteis of Fe-Ni alloy
and its formability is also studied. Two alloys with a variation in Cr content
were used. Prior to austempering, two different cold rolling reduction
were performed, which are 10%, and 70%, to both samples. The
following austempering process was carried out at 400°C for 30 mins to
obtain bainite structure in the sample. The samples then mechanically
prepared and tested. The structure distributions in each samples were
observed throguh optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.
The hardness test and tensile test of each samples were also performed.
The results then compared to Cr-free Fe-Ni deformed and undeformed
samples. The correlation obtained between the resulted mechanical
properties and the structure of all samples is then evaluated.
Keywords: bainite, lateritic steel, cold rolling, deformation,
austempering, chromium, nickel.
Abstract A039
Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Silica Source in Sn-Cu Solders on
Bare Copper Surface Finish
N. Muhamad Kamil1*, M.A. Azmah Hanim1,2*, T.T. Dele-Afolabi1 & K.
Vidyatharran1 1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Research Center Advance Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC),
Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia.
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1*muhamadkamil.nazamdin@yahoo.com ; 1,2*azmah@upm.edu.my
Abstract
Soldering plays an essential role in ensuring the technology growth in
these modern days due to its quick and neat connections in between
electronic boards. Tin–lead (Sn–Pb) solders has been widely used for a
long time in the electronics packaging industry. However, due to its
toxicity, the usage of lead has been a big concern. The adoption of
Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive has resulted in
extensive trend of research towards the development of high-
performance lead-free solders. Based on that, different weight
percentage of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as silica source added into Sn-
0.7Cu solders on bare copper surface finish, has been investigated. In
this experiment, powder metallurgy method were used for the
manufacturing process. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
(FESEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) has been
utilized for metallographic examination of the composite. Mechanical
tests such as shear test was conducted to study the mechanical
properties of the interconnection. The aim was to investigate the
intermetallic compound formation between Sn-Cu solder reinforced with
RHA on basic copper surface finish, to investigate the distribution and
interaction of RHA with the solder bulk ecosystem and to evaluate the
thickness of intermetallic joints of the solder compound and the shear
properties.
Keywords: Lead-free solder, rice husk ash (RHA), Sn-Cu solder, bare
copper, electronic packaging
Abstract A040
Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Additive for Functional Protective
Coating
Iling Aema Wonnie Ma, Ammar Shafaamri, Ramesh Kasi & Ramesh T.
Subramaniam
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Center for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, University of
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603
Abstract
Functional coatings are specialized with barrier properties to perform
protection on the material surface. They are designed to be a superior
resistance towards corrosive species that causes corrosion on demand
when in a corrosive atmosphere. In order to enhance the properties of
the protective coating, the reinforcing agent is needed to be incorporated
in coating fabrication. In this study, a series of composites coating based
on hybrid organic/inorganic additive with an undiluted clear difunctional
bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin derived liquid epoxy resin was prepared and
were applied on mild steel under room temperature. The corrosion
protection performances of the nanocomposite coated mild steel
substrates were comparatively studied using electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS)
Keywords: Composite, Corrosion, Coating, Hybrid, Electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy
Abstract A041
Remaining Creep Life Prediction of High Temperature
Pressure Primary Superheater Components of Heat
Recovery Steam Generator
Juliana Ab. Kadir1, Hashim Othman2 & Hambali Chik3
Group Technical Solutions, PETRONAS 1juliana_kadir@petronas.com, 2hashim_othmana@petronas.com,
3hambali_chik@petronas.com
Abstract
Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) is a type of boiler that normally
identified as critical equipment in the plant. Remaining life assessment
of HRSG is crucial as it required for technical, economic, and statutory
justifications. Creep is a main damage mechanism identified for
superheater components that prolong operated at high temperature and
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pressure in a water tube boiler. This paper presents a systematic
approach to predict the remaining life due to creep damage mechanism
on primary superheater components of HRSG which made of 1.25Cr-
0.5Mo material and operated at 434.3◦C. The assessment also includes
review of wall thickness measurement trending, metallographic
investigation by in-situ replication test, design data and operating
condition trending to be used as an input to estimate the remaining life
in the form of creep damage accumulation rate calculated from life
fraction using MPC Project Omega Data. The results indicate that the
primary superheater components have satisfied the technical and
statutory requirement for extension service life. The remaining creep life
prediction shall be repeated to update the creep life consumption
estimation as well as reiterate remaining creep life projection at suitable
interval in the future when there is an indication of advancement in creep
damage detected from in-situ replication test or when substantial change
in component operating temperature detected.
Keywords: HRSG, primary superheater, creep, MPC Project Omega
Data, remaining life assessment, high temperature
Abstract A042
Preventing Brittle Fracture of Metallic Materials in Oil and
Gas Companies through Mandatory Control Framework
during Design, Engineering and Construction
M Hasbi A Razak1, a & Noor Syamiza Abdul Malik2, b
PETRONAS Group Technical Solutions, Menara Dayabumi, Jalan Sultan
Hishamuddin, 50050, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ahasbi@petronas.com, bnoorsyamiza@petronas.com
Abstract
The consequences of a catastrophic failure of equipment are very
serious, both in terms of financial implications and the risk to human life.
Essential requirements in the design and operation of pressure
containing equipment such as pressure vessels, piping, and pipelines
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particularly those made from ferritic steel and operating at low
temperatures shall be seriously considered in avoiding the possibility of
brittle failure. The specification of material requirements was developed
to prevent process safety incident and mitigate the consequences
resulting from the unintentional release of energy or hazardous by
adopting lessons learned from major process safety incidents that have
occurred in PETRONAS and in international hydrocarbon processing
industries. Therefore, a governance document i.e. Mandatory Control
Framework (MCF) was developed in PETRONAS by verifying the HSE
management systems and practices in assuring the technical design
integrity and quality during installation. The establishment of MCF in
most major oil and gas companies took place especially after the Texas
refinery and Macondo incidents. The main intent of MCF is to ensure that
all capital projects, plant modifications and the existing facilities with
HIGH and VERY HIGH process HAZARDS complies with PETRONAS
Technical Standard (PTS) requirements to safeguard the interest of all
relevant parties.
Keywords: Brittle Fracture, metallic materials, HAZARD, ALARP, PTS
Abstract A043
Synthesis of Co/CNT Composites Derived from ZIF-67 and
their Application to Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Nguyen Thi My Hao1, Yunhwa Kim2, Ho-Jung Sun2,Gyungse Park3 &
Joongpyo Shim1*
1*Department of Nano & Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University,
South Korea. 2Department of Material Science & Engineering, Kunsan National University,
South Korea. 3Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, South Korea.
jpshim@kunsan.ac.kr
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Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) being constructed from metal ions or
clusters and bridging organic ligands (or linkers) have attracted
signification attention during the past decades as promising materials
compared to conventionally used microporous and mesoporous
inorganic materials. These hybrid structures possess tremendously
outstanding characteristics such as high surface area, flexible rational
design through control of the architecture and functionalization of the
pores. If imidazole as organic ligand and metal ion were used, zeolitic
imidazolate framework (ZIFs) is simply obtained. Thermally and
chemically stable ZIFs materials have received extensive research and
application interests. In particular, ZIF-67 can be synthesized by a facile
and environmentally friendly organic synthesis method. The
nanostructures and mean particle sizes of ZIF-67 can be adjusted by
controlling experimental conditions carefully. The resulting ZIF-67
possesses the characteristics having tetrahedral nanostructures were
revealed for the admirable chemical and thermal stability and everlasting
porosity, highly stable structure, catalytic activity. Furthermore, ZIF-67
and its derivatives have aroused great interest of scientists and have
potential to be applied to gas adsorption, molecular separation,
electrochemistry, catalysis. Hence, in this study, Co/CNT composites
derived from ZIF-67 were synthesized by calcination under 10%H2/N2
atmosphere at 700oC. Firstly, ZIF-67 was synthesized using 2-
methlyimidazole and cobalt acetate in water. Two chemicals were reactd
in room temperature, and the reaction was finished within 30min. During
calcination of ZIF-67, the organic ligand was carbonized and growed with
cobalt particles, and then numerous carbon nanotubes or carbon
nanofibers were synthesized. The obtained Co/CNT composites was
used as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries, and mixed with polymer
binder to make slurry. And then, it was cased on Cu foil to make anode.
The coin cell was assembled in Ar-filled glovebox, The cobalt
nanoparticles in Co/CNT composites was reacted with Li ions. The
content of Co in composites was identified by TGA and EDS, and the
morphology of composite was observed by SEM. Detail results will
showed in conference
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Keywords: ZIF, Co/CNT, carbonization, anode, lithium-ion battery
Abstract A044
Numerical and Experimental Study of Semi-Rigid Beam-to-
Column Composite Connections in Cold-Formed Steel
Faisal Amsyar, Tan Cher Siang, Arizu Sulaiman & Ma Chau Khun
Department of Structure and Materials, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
famsyar2@graduate.utm.my
Abstract
The concept of cold-formed steel has been expanded recently from the
semi-rigid bolted moment connection to the composite construction.
Partial strength beam-to-column composite connection is performed by
anchoring reinforcement bars to the column member and embedded into
concrete slab. In this paper, series of numerical studies have been
carried out to describe the complex interactions between different
components in composite joint. Two laboratory test specimens of the
non- and composite cold-formed steel joints have been tested and the
results are used for validation of FE model. A 2 mm thick of hot-rolled
steel gusset plate bolted by M12 grade 8.8 tension bolts are used to
connect the I-shaped beam to the column. Multi-purpose software
ABAQUS was used in this study to model a three dimensional (3-D) finite
element model to investigate the nonlinear behavior of the composite
connections. Approach of nonlinear material characteristics and
geometric behavior, contact and sliding between different elements and
bolt pretension are proposed in this model. The proposed FE model can
satisfactorily predict the full-range moment-rotation relationship and
load-displacement correlation of the composite joints. The predictions
agree very well with the experimental results and analytical predicted
based on design guides of Joints in Steel Construction: Composite
Connections and BS 5950-1:2000.
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Keywords: semi-rigid connection, composite joint, finite element
analysis, moment resistance, initial stiffness, cold-formed steel
Abstract A045
The pH of Concrete as Durability Assessment of Concrete
Structures
Sumra Yousuf*1,a, Payam Shafigh2,b , Salmia Beddu3,c & Zainah Ibrahim1,d 1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,
50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, University of
Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Center for Building, Construction & Tropical Architecture (BuCTA), Faculty of
Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga, Nasional Putrajaya
Campus, Malaysia. asumra.yousafrm@gmail.com, bpshafigh@gmail.com, cSalmia@uniten.edu.my,
dzainah@um.edu.my
Abstract
The pH of concrete is an important factor for the durability, sustainability
and long service life of concrete building structures. Naturally, the pH of
concrete is high from about 12.5 to 13.5. The main reason of this high
pH of concrete is the existing oxide mineral of portlandite and alkali metal
contents in Portland cement. The pH of concrete does not remain
constant and may vary with the passage of time. The variation in
concrete pH value is mainly due to the processes like carbonation,
corrosion, chloride ingress, biodegradation and acid attack. The major
problems associated with the strength and durability of concrete
structures like various structural and non-structural cracks, corrosion of
steel rebars, scaling, spalling, abrasion and carbonation are caused due
to reduction in pH of concrete. In addition, the high pH of concrete may
also cause deterioration and durability related issues like alkali silica
reaction, expansion, porosity and other moisture related damages in
concrete structures.
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Keywords: pH, concrete, durability, portlandite, corrosion
Abstract A046
Effect of Cd2+ cations on AC conductivity of stearic acid
MIS diode
Syed A. Malik1* & Asim K Ray2 1*Department of Physics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim,
Malaysia. 2Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University,
London, UK.
Abstract
Composite Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were deposited onto n-type
silicon substrate to fabricate a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS)
diode. The fabrication of MIS diode involved a careful preparation of
silicon substrates, and deposition of thin organic film and electrical
contacts. Cadmium chloride solution with concentration of 0.1 mol/l was
prepared by dissolving 18.3 g of CdCl2 salt into 1 liter of water. An
amount of 6 ml of the solution was mixed thoroughly into the subphase
and a CdCl2 solution was produced with a concentration of
approximately 5 x 10-4 M. A small AC signal of 20mVrms was applied
across the device and swept from -3V to +3V i.e. from reverse to forward
bias. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of MIS devices formed
with the as-deposited 40-layer LB films of stearic acid were measured
with a varying modulating signal frequency and biasing voltage. The
capacitance was found to be highly dependent on the AC modulating
frequency. For AC signal frequency up to 100 kHz, a typical C-V
behaviour of MIS structure showing three distinct regions: inversion,
depletion and accumulation were observed when the biasing voltage was
swept from -3V up to approximately 0.8 V. When a signal frequency is
greater than 100 kHz, a drastic drop in capacitance occurred. The dip in
the curve at a bias voltage greater than 0.8V may be due to high leakage
DC current flowing through the device in the accumulation region. As the
frequency increased, the capacitance in the accumulation region
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decreased more than in the inversion region. This type of behaviour is
believed was caused by the creation of high density of surface states at
the interface between insulator and semiconductor. The flattened in C-V
curve could also be due to the presence of a series resistance (RS)
owing to contacts and low substrate doping.
Keywords: Langmuir-Blodgett films, Cadmium ions, MIS diode, AC
conductivity, Capacitance-Voltage
Abstract A047
Synthesis and Catalytic Performances of Calcinated Co and
Ni ZIF-67 (Zeolitic-Imidazolate Framework-67) as Air
Electrodes in Zn-Air Batteries
Sheraz Ahmed1, Ho-Jung Sun2, Joongpyo Shim3 & Gyungse Park1* 1*Department of Chemistry Kunsan National University, South Korea.
2Material Science & Engineering, Kunsan National University, South Korea. 3Department of Nano & Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University,
South Korea.
parkg@kunsan.ac.kr
Abstract
Co & Ni embedded in the carbon nanotubes (CNT) were obtained by the
calcination of Co and Ni-ZIF-67. A general and high-yield strategy for the
formation of CNTs from the metal−organic frameworks (MOFs)
developed at a temperature of 700 °C by the calcination process. The
purpose for the formation of CNTs is to obtain small nanocatalysts with
high activity. The formation of metallic Co embedded in the carbon
nanotubes was investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the
graphitization was analyzed by the Raman Spectroscopy. The resulting
Co & NI-ZIF-67 are highly porous with a high specific surface area of
253.4 and 290 m2/g. Furthermore, the porous ZIF-67 exhibited superior
electrochemical performance when applied as a cathode material for the
Zn-air batteries. The cyclic test for charging and discharging was
performed for 200 h revealing a potential catalyst, having splendid
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stability for the OER and ORR in the Zn-air batteries. The excellent
electrochemical performance for these catalysts may be attributed to the
various factors. Including (i) presence of carbon nanotubes prevents
from aggregation (ii) the high porosity increases the active sites (iii) the
calcination under nitrogenous atmosphere improves the conductivity for
the frameworks.
Keywords: ZIF-67, Oxygen Reduction Reactions, Oxygen Evolution
Reactions, Zn-air battery, Carbon nanotube
Abstract A048
Corrosion Resistant Alloy Pipeline: Creating Knowledge
behind the Scenes
M Hasbi A Razak1, a & Nur Izyan Mukhtar2, b
PETRONAS Group Technical Solutions, Menara Dayabumi, Jalan Sultan
Hishamuddin, 50050, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ahasbi@petronas.com.my; bizyan.mukhtar@petronas.com.my
Abstract
The high pressure high temperature (HPHT) with significantly high
contaminants of CO2 and H2S in full well stream demands the selection
of Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA) pipeline for an offshore gas field. This
pipeline system comprises of metallurgically bonded CRA layer
produced by roll bonding called Metallurgical Cladded Pipe (MCP) and
mechanically expanded and fitted CRA layer in a backing steel called
Mechanical Lined Pipe (MLP). Several issues arise during manufacturing
and installation of the pipeline such as undulation appearance and rise
indications at MLP internal surface, fit-up and girth welding constraint at
the pipe end of MLP and MCP during installation phase. Thorough
investigation including special tests were conducted to find the root
causes and mitigations to ensure the integrity of the pipeline throughout
the operating life. The findings demonstrated that the MLP and MCP are
able to satisfactorily meet design requirements for the pipeline. Lessons
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learnt and best practices were also established for future reference in the
manufacturing and installation of CRA pipeline.
Keywords: Mechanical Lined Pipe, Metallurgical Cladded Pipe,
Corrosion Resistant Alloy
Abstract A050
Master Curve of Dynamic Modulus for Polymer Modified
Asphalt Mixtures
Ali M. Babalghaith1*, Hamad A. Alsolieman2, Abdulrahman S. Al-Suhaibani2 &
Suhana Koting1 1Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2Faculty of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia.
bablgeath@hotmail.com
Abstract
The master curve model is one of the widely used models to describe
the variation of dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures with mixture
temperatures and time rate of loading (loading frequency). The main
objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of modifiers on the
performance of asphalt mixtures using their dynamic modulus (E*) which
was measured by Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT). Six
types of modifiers that are widely used in Riyadh city were investigated.
These modifiers include five types of polymers (Lucolast7010, Anglomak
2144, Pavflex140, SBS KTR 401and EE-2) and Crumb Rubber.
Unconfined samples were tested at four temperatures; 14ºF (−10 ºC),
40ºF (4.4 ºC), 70ºF (21.1 ºC) and 130ºF (54.4◦C) and six load
frequencies; 25, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 and 0.1 Hz. The modulus values at these
temperatures and frequencies are used to construct the master curves.
Results showed that all the modified asphalt mixtures showed higher
mixture stiffness when compared to the unmodified mixture. A master
curve model with excellent goodness-of-fit was obtained which can be
used to predict the dynamic modulus of these modified asphalt mixtures.
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Keywords: Master curve, dynamic modulusm, Polymer modified
asphalt, modified mixture
Abstract A051
Shear Analysis of Sn0.7Cu Solders with Rice Husk Ash as
Silica Source on Electroless Nickel/Immersion Silver
(ENIAg) Surface Finish
M.A. Azmah Hanim1,2, Chuan Khang Wei1* & T T Dele-Afolabi1 1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Research Center Advance Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC),
Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia. 1,2 azmah@upm.edu.my; 1*chuankhangwei@gmail.com
Abstract
Miniaturization of electronic devices or related components has coupled
with the increasing functionality demand incorporated in each electronic
product increased the performance issue in terms of reliability of the
solder joint, Therefore, lead-free solder composites such as SAC solder
incorporated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or Graphene Nanotubes
(GNTs) were able to provide performance and quality that are crucial to
the integrity of a solder joint. However, CNT and GNT are expensive and
this put a dent on the cost aspect of the product. As a cheaper alternative,
this project explores the possibility of incorporating rice husk ash (RHA)
that are rich in silica (SiO2) into Sn0.7Cu solder as a reinforcement
agent. The objective is to determine the reliability of this alternative
solder reinforced with agricultural waste. The optimum weight
percentage of RHA added into the solder matrix was investigated to
optimise the mechanical strength. In addition, to replace the costly
Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold (ENIG) surface finish on the copper
substrate, the effects of ENIAg as the surface finish were studied.
Powder metallurgical route was used to prepare the sample and reflow
soldering was used to produce the solder interconnection. Field Emission
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Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with EDX has been
utilized for metallographic examination of the solder composite.
Mechanical testing was conducted to study the shear properties using a
single solder lap-joint method. The aim was to define the influence of
RHA and ENIAg surface finish on the shear strength, and microstructure
of the solder composite.
Keywords: Lead-free solder, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Sn0.7Cu, ENIAg,
microstructure, shear strength
Abstract A054
Characterization Investigation of ZnO, Graphene, and
ZnO/Graphene Nanoparticles as Nanoscale Lubricants
Additives
Waleed Alghani1,2, Mohd Sayuti Ab Karim3*, Samira Bagheri4, Suriani Ibrahim5
& M. Gulzar6 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Midland Refineries Company, Ministry of Oil, Al Doura, 10022 Baghdad, Iraq. 3*Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave.,
Medford, MA 02155, USA. 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Punjab, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. 3*mdsayuti@um.edu.my; 1,2waleedalghani@siswa.um.edu.my
Abstract
This research article investigates carefully the effect of different
concentrations of nanoparticle ZnO, Graphene, and combinations
thereof in pure base oil group two (PBO-GΙΙ) on standard steel balls. The
characterization of these two nanomaterials of ZnO and graphene were
depicted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Oleic acid was a
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surface-active agent used to stabilize the nanolubricants. A four-ball rig
was used to identify the tribological parameters, including coefficient of
friction (COF), wear scar diameter (WSD), and specific wear rate (SWR).
Correspondingly, a digital imaging system was utilized to conclude the
WSD. Moreover, several surface characterization tools (FE-SEM,
EDX/EDS and elements mapping microanalyses, Raman spectroscopy,
and surface roughness measurements were applied to specify the
metallographic depiction of the ball scars. The experiments
demonstrated that mixing 0.04wt% ZnO + 0.02wt% Graphene with PBO-
GΙΙ optimized the lubricant’s tribological behavior. The mean deduction
in COF, WSD, and SWR were 43.81%, 36.78%, and 39.47%
respectively. The dual influence of nano-ZnO and nano-platelet
graphene are proved to be favorable lubricant additives that excel pure
group ΙΙ base oil. The upgraded tribological behavior could be ascribed
to the ideal structural perfection of the blend (ZnO and Graphene) and
the tribofilm generated by the nanoparticles during the sliding motion.
Keywords: Nanomaterials, Characterization, Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission, Elements Mapping, Raman
Spectroscopy, and Surface Roughness
Abstract A056
Crack Growth Model for Thermal Barrier Coating with
Various Rare-Earth Elements in Static Condition Application
Salmi Mohd Yunus1*, Abreeza Manap2 & Savisha Mahalingam2 1*Materials Engineering & Testing Group, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd.
2Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional.
salmi.yunus@tnb.com.my
Abstract
Thermal barrier coating (TBC) has been applied on the gas turbine hot
components to increase their exposures temperature beyond the
material limits. The modification in TBC by the addition of rare-earth
elements theoretically may improves its properties. However,
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evaluations are needed to obtain their performance limit. Crack Growth
Model for the modified TBC system has been established throughout this
study which found that over time, the crack growth rate has reached
almost zero. Images of cracks which captured from SEM have been used
to verify the measured crack and has increased the reliability of the
established model.
Keywords: Thermal barrier coating, rare-earth elements, static
condition, TGO growth rate, Crack Growth Model
Abstract A057
Characterisation of the Tensile and Fracture Properties of
Filament Wound Natural Fibre Rings
Sujith Bobbaa*, Z. Lemana,b, E.S. Zainudina & S.M. Sapuana,b aDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia. bAdvanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Faculty of
Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
sujith.bobba@mail.com
Abstract
Fiber splitting which is the chief preliminary form of impairment in fiber
reinforced polymer composites. In succession to delay the rapid crack
propagation in polymer matrix and provide to increase of the fracture
toughness of FRP composite, the polymer matrix of fiber reinforced
polymer composite is modified by using different natural fiber
composites such as sugar palm, kenaf, coir and data palm impregnated
with polyester resin and then split-disk tests according to ASTM D-2290
standard were performed on the natural fiber specimens with a winding
angle of 900 .By determining the hoop tensile strength and hoop tensile
modulus of these natural fibre composite rings, the effects of filament-
winding processing parameter in winding angle were evaluated. The
results indicate that kenaf yarn fibre with unsaturated polyester has the
highest hoop tensile strength compared with other natural fiber
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composite specimens. Finally in this study, various different natural fibres
were used as reinforcement material to contribute to the research study.
Keywords: Fiber cracking; Natural fiber composites; split-disk tests;
hoop tensile strength; hoop tensile modulus
Abstract A058
Bouc-Wen Hysteresis Parameter Optimization for
Magnetorheological Damper Using Cuckoo Search
R. Rosli1, Z. Mohamed1, G. Priyandoko2 & M.F.F.A. Rashid1 1Advance Structural Integrity and Vibration Research Group, Faculty of
Mechanical and Manufacturing, University Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia. 2Teknik Elektro, Universitas Widyagama, Malang, Indonesia.
rosmazi@ump.edu.my
Abstract
This paper proposed an optimized phenomenological Bouc-Wen model
for a magnetorheological damper (MR damper). Cuckoo search (CS)
algorithm was utilized to heuristically search the parameters in the
phenomenological Bouc-Wen model. The parameters mainly control the
hysteresis loop shape of the model. The objective function returned the
root mean square error (RMSE) of the optimized phenomenological
Bouc-Wen model compared to the real experimental data of MR damper.
The optimizing efficiency of the proposed CS algorithm was evaluated
by computing the final value of the fitness function and the iteration
numbers it took to converge. Efficiency comparison was done against
particle swarm optimization (PSO) and sine-cosine algorithm (SCA). The
CS algorithm showed best results in terms of the lowest RMSE and
fastest convergence rate among the three algorithms.
Keywords: cuckoo search algorithm, phenomenological Bouc-Wen,
magnetorheological damper
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Abstract A059
Oxicams – The Potential Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase-1 and
Cyclooxygenase-2
Sia Sararu1, Floarea Nicolae2 & Adrian Beteringhe3* 1Faculty of General Medical Assistance, Bioterra University of Bucharest.
2Faculty of Engineering and Management in Public Food and Agro-Tourism,
Bioterra University of Bucharest. 3*Faculty of Control and Expertise of Food Products, Bioterra University of
Bucharest
Abstract
The research aims to involve the "Molecular Docking" technique for
selecting structures of some oxicams with potential inhibitory activity for
cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX 1 and COX2). COX1 and COX2 differ by
a single amino acid, but the active sites of the enzymes are identical.
Currently, piroxicam is known to have all the properties of non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, but the duration of the effect is long, so it can
be given once a day. Determines a strong gastric irritation. Piroxicam is
an anti-inflammatory with selectivity for COX1 and COX2 but especially
for COX1. Meloxicam affects more actively cyclooxygenase-2. From the
data presented, it can be concluded that Ampiroxicam-COX1 and
Meloxicam-COX2, respectively, have the lowest energy values. These
oxicams are potential COX inhibiting agents. The data presented are
consistent with the data from the literature.
Keywords: oxicams, COX1 and COX2, molecular docking, inhibitors,
ampiroxicam, meloxicam
Abstract A060
In-situ Study of Electrochemical Migration of Tin in
Presence of Bromide Ion
Ee Lynn Lee1, A. S. M. A. Haseeb1*, Y. H. Wong1, M. F. M. Sabri1 &
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B. Y. Low2 1Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya.
2NXP Semiconductor Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia.
eelynn2011@gmail.com
Abstract
As the miniaturization of electronic devices take place, problem related
to electrochemical migration (ECM) in the circuit become serious. ECM
is an electrochemical reaction that occurs in presence of electrolyte and
bias voltage, causing metallic components to dissolve and redeposit at
another place in the form of dendrites. The growth of dendrite leads to
bridging between metallic components and will eventually cause short
circuit in the device. Closer spacing in conduction paths causes an
increase in electric field, shorter ion diffusion and dendrite growth path,
therefore leads to greater risk of ECM. The presence of contaminants in
the environment can speed up the ECM process. Some common
contaminants are chloride, bromide, sulphate and flux residue. This work
investigates ECM process of tin in the presence of bromide ions. Water
drop test (WDT) was conducted in the two-probe semiconductor
characterization system under a high-power optical microscope for the
in-situ investigation. The effects of bromide ions concentration (1×10-6M
to 0.5M) on ECM process of tin were investigated. The products of ECM
such as dendrites and precipitates were characterized by SEM/ EDX and
XPS. Anodic polarization test (APT) was carried out to study the
relationship between electrochemical properties of Sn in NaBr and ECM.
Preliminary results showed that rate of anodic dissolution increases with
bromide ion concentration and voltage, indicating the harmful effect of
bromide ions. The probability of short caused by ECM first increases and
then decreases with NaBr concentration. SEM/ EDX analysis showed
that the dendrite morphology was tree-like and the main element of
dendrite was tin. The mechanism of ECM of tin in bromide ion is
suggested based on the in-situ investigation.
Keywords: ECM; dendrite; bromide ion; WDT; APT
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Abstract A061
Effect of Varying Voltage and Concentration of Adipic Acid
on Electrochemical Migration of Tin
Yi Sing Goh1, A. S. M. A. Haseeb1*, Y. H. Wong1, M. F. M. Sabri1 &
B. Y. Low2 1Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya.
2*NXP Semiconductor Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract
Miniaturization of electronics poses great challenges to the reliability
aspect. Highly dense packaging with closer interconnection spacing in
small electronics can lead to severe electrochemical migration (ECM)
related failure. ECM is a phenomenon where metal dendrites will form
and bridge neighboring electronic components due to presence of
moisture layer and direct current voltage. Flux residues such as adipic
acid will accelerate ECM failure by increasing conductivity of moisture
layer. This paper varies the voltage and concentration of adipic acid to
study their effects on ECM of tin (Sn). Water drop tests (WDT) were
conducted to check ECM at voltage between 3 to 12V and at adipic acid
concentration between 1ppm to saturated condition. Dendrites formed
and caused short circuit at very low concentration of adipic acid (1 ppm),
indicating that adipic acid is dangerous to electronics. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) were used to observe the morphology of the dendrites
and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that the
dendrites formed consisted of pure Sn.
Keywords: ECM; dendrite; flux residue; Sn; water drop test; adipic acid
Abstract A065
Brazing of Porous Copper Foam Using Cu-Sn-Ni-P Foil for
Heat Sink Application
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Nur Amirah Mohd Zahri1, Nur Elyiana Sahira Shafee1, Farazila Yusof1, 2, Siti
Nurmaya Musa1, 2, Nazatul Liana Sukiman1, 3, A. S. M. A. Haseeb1,3 & Tadashi
Ariga4 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Centre of Advanced Manufacturing & Material Processing (AMMP Centre),
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. 4Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-
1292, Japan.
nurmaya@um.edu.my
Abstract
Porous copper foam (PCF) was brazed between copper (Cu) using a Cu-
9.7Sn-5.7Ni-7.0P filler foil. The large surface area of PCF allows it to be
used in a particular heat sink. Brazing processes were conducted in a
furnace to evaluate the effect of pore per inch (PPI) of PCF and the
brazing holding time on the brazed interface microstructure and strength.
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed on Cu/PCF brazed
interface for the microstructure and elemental composition analysis. X-
ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out on the shear fractured
surfaces of Cu/PCF for phase determination. The results exhibited
distinct phases of Cu, Cu3P, Ni3P and Cu6Sn5 (P: phosphorus; Ni:
nickel; Sn: Tin). The thicker filler layer was formed as an island-shaped
consist of brittle phases Cu3P and Ni3P for 10 min brazing holding time.
While at different number PPI of PCF illustrated a similar thickness of
filler layer. The brazed strength of Cu/PCF 15 PPI with a 10 minutes
brazing holding time yield a maximum shear strength of 2.9 MPa.
Keywords: Brazing; Porous copper foam; Cu-Sn-Ni-P foil; Shear
strength; Microstructure; Heat sink
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Abstract A069
A Comparative Analysis of TOPSIS and VIKOR for
Composite Material Selection
Aamir Adeeb Abdul Rahim1,2 , S. Nurmaya Musa1 & S. Ramesh1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Decision Sciences, School of Quantitative Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.
aamir@uum.edu.my
Abstract
Composite has fast becoming the future aerospace material for its
versatile combination of high strength and low weight. Also, the interplay
by the constituent materials dictates the characteristics and the strength
of the composites itself. When combined and bonded in multiple layers,
the composite airframe component can take on the strength and load-
bearing properties that compliant with aviation standard. Being cost-
prohibitive, one could argue that the most efficient solution would lie
within the extremes cost and weight. The price of fiber vary dramatically
depending on current market condition, fiber grade (aerospace vs.
commercial) and the fiber tow size. Therefore, composite selection is
bound to be on physical, mechanical and cost characterization. Hence,
some selection methods capable of handling alternatives and multiple
criteria are required to overcome this confusion state. For this purpose,
compromise methods from Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM);
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
and VIse Kriterijumska Optimizacija kompromisno Resenja (VIKOR)
methods are adopted. Finally, TOPSIS and VIKOR methods were
compared and the result shows good agreement between both methods
for material selection. The analysis for VIKOR that used v = 0.1, 0.5 and
0.9 values suggested similar agreement. The results of the analysis were
then compared using Spearman's rank correlation. Owing to the
potentiality, the results of this study can be used in aerospace industry
in improving the material selection process.
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Keywords: Material Selection, MCDM, TOPSIS, VIKOR,C-VIKOR,
Composite
Abstract A070
Sound Absorption Performance of Napier Fibre
Zaiton Haron, Khairulzan Yahya , Nurathirah Mohd Fasli & Siti Nuranis
Shaikh Abdul Hamid
Department of Structures and Materials, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor,
Malaysia.
zaitonharon@utm.my
Abstract
The acoustics performance in lecture rooms has been questioned in
recent years. The unpleasant noise generated from the room
surrounding has become a nuisance to people. In addition to that, the
absence of sound absorption material has impacted the production of
noise in the room. Therefore, the acoustic panel has been introduced to
overcome the problem while improving the hearing level for individual.
However, many of the available acoustic panels in the current market are
composed of hazardous materials. Thus, there are demands for the
utilisation of sustainable materials in the making of acoustic panel. This
research was conducted to investigate the sound absorption potential of
Napier fibres in which can be an alternative used for acoustic panel
materials. Different thickness of Napier fibre samples with binder have
been prepared and tested by using the impedance tube test to get the
sound absorption coefficient (SAC). The result revealed that the sound
absorption was good and achieved a satisfactory level at low frequency
from 160 Hz to 2000 Hz. The highest SAC obtained in the frequency of
500 Hz is 0.48 while for 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz is 0.9. Besides, the highest
noise reduction coefficient (NRC) achieved was 0.59. This study
indicated that the use of non-toxic Napier fibres can be potentially
expanded in the production of cheap and sustainable acoustic panels.
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Keywords: Sound absorption coefficient; acoustic panel; Napier fibre;
Fibrous materials, noise reduction coefficient, low frequency, high
frequency
Abstract A071
Biostable Highly Aligned Polyurethane Fibres for the
Potential Application of Small Calibre Vascular Grafting
Chin Joo Tan1,2, Bee Chin Ang2,3,a), Andri Andriyana1,2 & Grégory Chagnon4 1Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,
50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-
IMAG, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
amelynang@um.edu.my
Abstract
Synthetic vascular grafting is necessarily when the autografting is not
possible in some cases. Conventional polyethylene terephthalate and
polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts are found to be effective for
diameter bigger than 6 mm but not for the diameter smaller than 4 mm
due to the compliance mismatch and thrombogenicity. Endothelization
on the surface of the graft can reduce the risks of compliance mismatch
and thrombogenicity. In order to catalyst the endothelization process,
fibrous morphology similar to the extracellular matrix of our body is
preferable in the vascular grafts. Apart from that, the biostability of the
grafts is also an essential element to be considered as the
biodegradation may reduce the efficiency of the grafts. Many
polyurethanes have been recognised as biostable materials. Hence, in
this study, highly aligned polyurethane fibres are fabricated using a facile
dry spinning technique in the view of providing effective sites for
endothelization process to occur. These fibres are immersed into the
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simulated body fluid for as long as 24 weeks before conducting the
biostability characterisations. The biostability is assessed in three
aspects, physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Results show
that the fibres do not have observable or significant deteriorations in all
the three aspects mentioned.
Abstract A072
The Effect of Agitation Rate on the Free Radical
Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide
Yong Hsin Nam Ernest, Lim Siew Shee, Gan Suyin & Tshai Kim Yeow
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia.
kim-yeow.tshai@nottingham.edu.my
Abstract
Radical polymerization of hydrophilic N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)
monomer was conducted at elevated temperature of 80℃ and at varying
agitation rates of 50, 100 and 200 rpm in the presence of potassium
persulfate (KPS) as thermal initiator and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
as the surfactant to investigate the effect of agitation on the final
properties of the resulting polymer. Under the controlled condition of
oxygen deprived environment and temperature exceeding the thermal
decomposition of KPS, high conversion of NIPAm monomer can be
observed by the cloudiness of the solution, a phenomenon resembling
typical behavior of thermal responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
(PNIPAm) where the polymer precipitated out of the aqueous phase
above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The synthesized
polymer can be further verified with the aid of Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
responses. The presence of PNIPAm polymer molecules is evident from
FTIR spectrum of the polymer synthesized at 50 and 100 rpm agitation
rates, where distinct peaks representative of PNIPAm functional groups
were identified. However, FTIR spectrum of polymerization mixture
produced at 200 rpm showed high transmission peak at 1619 cm-1,
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corresponding to unsaturated C=C group signifying large proportion of
monomer species remained and hence unsuccessful polymerization at
high agitation rate of 200 rpm. Thermal stability of polymer prepared at
agitation rates of 50 and 100 rpm as characterized by TGA showed
responses similar to the typical degradation behavior of PNIPAm, where
major weight loss in the range of 88 to 92% took place between 330 and
430˚C, where maximum rate of weight loss occurred at 400. The particle
size and distribution as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS)
method shows that lower agitation rate at 50 rpm yield PNIPAm with
smaller average particle size (average hydrodynamic diameter, Zavg =
153.4 nm) and lower apparent viscosity at a constant volume fraction of
polymer in methanol, ha = 33 cP compared to those produced at
agitation rate of 100 rpm, where the measured Zavg and ha being 250.5
nm and 963 cP. Nevertheless, low agitation rate at 50 rpm led to a
polymer with large variation in particle size distribution, with the
measured polydispersity index (PDI) being 0.535 while a uniform
distribution of polymer particles with PDI of 0.09 was obtained at agitation
rate of 100 rpm. At agitation rate of 200 rpm, the non-cloudy, clear
polymerization mixture suggested minimal conversion of monomer to
polymer, and the process did not yield any solid polymer particle after
dialysis and freeze drying. Visual observation of the synthesized
PNIPAm (dissolved in water) at temperatures of 25 and 40˚C depicted
transition from clear to increased cloudiness of the solution, confirming
the thermal responsiveness of the purified samples across its LCST. The
paper demonstrated that agitation rate affects the efficacy of the
polymerization process and the PNIPAm polymer synthesized at
different agitation rates showed variation in the resulting particle size,
particle size distribution and apparent viscosity.
Keywords: Free radical polymerization, agitation rate, hydrophillic
monomer, N-isopropylacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), thermo-
responsive polymer, smart polymer
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Abstract A073
Evaluation of Force-Deflection Behavior of NiTi Archwire at
Different Configurations of Bracket System
M.N. Ahmad1*, A.S. Mahmud2, M.F. Razali2, N. Mokhtar3 & C. W. Ng2 1*Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Spanish Institute,
Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia. 2Nanofabrication and Functional Materials Research Group, School of
Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. 3Craniofacial and Biomaterial Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental
Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang,
Malaysia.
mohdnizam@unikl.edu.my
Abstract
NiTi shape memory alloy archwire is widely used in orthodontic
treatment, replacing stainless steel, for the flat and low deactivation force
it can offer. However, the presence of friction at the contact region of wire
and brackets may cause the low deactivation force to be ineffective to
induce tooth movement. This work evaluated the force-deflection
behavior of NiTi archwire upon bend at different bracket configurations
in levelling treatment. Experimental test rig was developed to perform
three-brackets bending test and five-brackets bending test at room
temperatures (27°C). The bracket used was 0.022 stainless steel and
the wire used was 0.016-in NiTi round wire. Fabricated Teflon bracket
was also used as a control experiment to represent the bending behavior
of the archwire in a frictionless condition. Additionally, elastomeric
ligature was also used at three-brackets jig to evaluate the effect of
ligating friction towards the force trend exhibited by the archwire.
Bending tests were done at different deflections of 2 mm, 3 mm and 4
mm. The results show that the wire bent on Teflon brackets produced a
flat force plateau, both on activation and deactivation cycle. On the other
hand, when stainless steel brackets were used, the force plateau
transformed into positive gradient on the activation and negative gradient
on the deactivation.
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Keywords: Force-deflection; Three-brackets bending test; Five-bracket
bending test; fabricated Teflon bracket; Binding friction;
Abstract A074
Role of ZrO2 Addition on Microstructure and Tensile
Characteristics of Commercial Al-20Mg2Si-2Cu Metal Matrix
Composite
Hamidreza Ghandvar, Tuty Asma Abubakar* & Nur Afiqah Sukiman
Department of Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, School of
Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
hghandvar@yahoo.com
Abstract
Aluminum hybrid metal matrix composites benefit the properties of two
or more reinforcement materials and could contain unique physical,
mechanical and tribological properties which are not achievable in other
materials. In this study, different amounts of ZrO2 particles were added
to Al-Mg2Si composite using stir casting method. The effect of different
amounts of ZrO2 on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-
Mg2Si in-situ composite was investigated using optical, scanning
electron microscopy and tensile test respectively. The results showed
that addition of ZrO2 into the Al-Mg2Si composite decreased the average
mean size of primary Mg2Si particles. Adding ZrO2 particles up to 10wt.
% had a good dispersion in the Al-Mg2Si matrix; however, increasing the
ZrO2 content to 15wt. % led to agglomeration of ZrO2 particles.
Furthermore, tensile results showed that Al-Mg2Si composite with 10wt.
% ZrO2 addition showed the highest UTS (75.35 MPa) and El% (0.69)
compared to other fabricated composites. Fracture surface of the hybrid
composite with 10wt.% ZrO2 revealed more ductile fracture mode
compared to other fabricated composites.
Keywords: Hybrid composite, Al-Mg2Si, ZrO2, Microstructure, Tensile
properties
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Abstract A075
Comparative Study of Engineering Properties Using Natural
Rubber (NR) and Specialty Rubber Reinforced Bio-
Composite Material
Shamsul Kamaruddin1*, Muhammad Hasif Zakaria2 & Ai Bao Chai2 1*Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber Board, Malaysia.
2Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering,
University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus.
kshamsul@lgm.gov.my
Abstract
ENR-25, ENR-50, deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) and NR rubber
compounds were developed in this research. A comparative study was
carried out to determine the rheological properties, mechanical and
dynamic behaviour of the compounds. Oil palm fibre (OPF) and eggshell
powder (ESP) were incorporated as hybrid bio-fillers with a ratio of 10/30
due to its superior findings. The ENR and DPNR compounds showed
lower curing time and scorch time than NR indicating their improved
processibility performance. NR resulted in the highest hardness, tensile
strength and compression set as expected. The performance of ENR is
found to deteriorate as the mol% expoxide increases. However, DPNR
obtained some comparable mechanical properties with NR. A double
shear test was also conducted to study the dynamic behaviour of the
compounds. The vibration profile, dynamic stiffness, loss angle and
damping ratio are reported. It was observed that ENR-25, DPNR and NR
presented similar dynamic behaviour trends as opposed to ENR-50. In
addition, ENR-25 and DPNR tend to perform well when subjected to high
frequencies. Thermogravimetric analysis observed in OPF suggested
that modifications can be done to improve its thermal stability that affects
the OPF and rubber adhesion. The experimental results showed
promising potential for ENR-25 and DPNR to be utilized in future
developments along with the current NR.
Keywords: oil palm fibre, eggshell, vibration, dynamic stiffness, damping
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Abstract A078
Micro Fracture Analysis of Transformation Induced
Plasticity Steel
Iori Sanou*1, Takashi Matsuno1,2, Ikumu Watanabe2 & Tomohiko Houjo3 1Tottori University
2National Institute for Materials Science 3Tohoku University
Abstract
This study analyzed the ductile fracture of TBF (TRIP-aided steel with a
Bainitic Ferrite matrix) steel in a view of microstructure. TBF steels are
composed of two phases, bainitic ferrite and retained austenite; and they
present good compatibility of high strength and elongation. Further,
improving fracture strain is one of remaining tasks of these steels. Then,
the study carried out tensile tests for evaluation of true fracture strains,
and the specimen after the tensile test were observed by SEM for
analysis of initiation sites of micro-voids. We also measured nano-
hardness distribution around micro-voids. The measurement presented
that hierarchical strain distribution in prior and residual austinite grain-
sizes, residual austenite grain-size scales to initiate and grow the micro
voids.
Abstract A079
Stress-Strain Curve Measurement of Hardened Steel SKD-11
by Piercing Tests
Kouta Nakagiri*1, Takashi Matsuno1,2, Takashi Yasutomi3, Shigeru Yonemura,
Hiroto Shouji4 & Mitsuru Ohata4 1Tottori University
2National Institute for Materials Science 3Nippon Steel Corporation
4Osaka Universtiy
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Abstract
In this study, work-hardening parameters and fracture strain of a
hardened tool steel (SKD11) is identified. The SKD11 steel sheets with
1.0 mm thickness were plastically deformed by piercing test with 5.0 μm
clearance, and punching force and stroke were recorded for inverse
analysis using finite element(FE) simulations. In this piecing test, a
carbide punch and die with rounded edges were used to avoid their
failure. Furthermore, the tools were coated with TiCN. As a result of
repeating FE simulations with optimizing Swift parameters, we can find
the parameters so that the punching force and stroke measured
corresponds with the numerically simulated curve. Fracture strains of the
SKD11 were also evaluated as the maximum equivalent plastic strain
simulated at the punch stroke of sudden force release.
Abstract A080
Identification of Anisotropic Fracture Strains of Thin Steel
Pipes
Takashi Matsuno*1,2, Iori Sanou1, Hiroto Shouji3, Mitsuru Ohata3 & Tomomi
Hayase4
1Tottori University
2National Institute for Materials Science 3Osaka University 4KYB Corporation
Abstract
Fracture strains of thin steel pipes in axial and hoop directions were
evaluated by two methods. The pipes were made by electron resistance
welding and cold-drawn for setting right circular shape. The thickness of
the pipes was 1.8 mm. The first method is a tensile test using a small
round-bar specimen. Round-bar tensile specimens whose diameters are
1.0 mm were cut from the pipes along both the axial and hoop directions.
As a result, the evaluation of one steel pipe presented anisotropic
fracture strains; the fracture strain in the hoop direction are lower than
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that in the axial direction. That means fracture strain in the hoop direction
decides formability of this steel pipe, despite the difficulty of making small
round-bar specimen. The second method is observation of pieced
surface on the pipes. Although this method is much easier than the
tensile test using the small round-bar specimen, area of sheared surface
showed consistency of fracture strains evaluated by the tensile test.
Thus, combining the two methods will probably give easy and accurate
fracture strain evaluations of thin steel pipes.
Abstract A081
Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) of Bioglass 45S5
Reinforced Zirconia for Biomedical Application
Chin Hao Zac1, AR Bushroa1,2*, M Rizwan1,2 & Masoud Sarraf1,2 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Malaya 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
bushroa@um.edu.my
Abstract
Titanium alloys, Ti-6Al-4V has been widely used in biomedical implant
applications, due to its biocompatibility and high mechanical properties.
However, Ti-6Al-4V is a bioinert material and it lacks bioactivity. It will
induce galvanic reaction when contacted with body fluid such as fluoride
or saliva. Bioactivity is a crucial property for an implant material as it
allows them to develop bonding with human tissues. Therefore, coating
of bioglass 45S5 reinforced Zirconia have been suggested to overcome
this inertness. Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) due to its low-cost
experiment set-up, low process temperature and high-quality deposited
coating, was selected to be a method of deposition process. Upon the
coating deposition, the deposited materials were sintered to around 600
℃. Comparisons have been made between the samples deposited with
pure bioglass, pure zirconia and bioglass reinforced Zirconia. Further
comparison was investigated after sintering. Characterizations were
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conducted via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)
for surface morphology and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase structure.
The mechanical tests were performed by utilizing scratch and micro-
hardness testing methods. Results showed that all the coatings were
successfully deposited on Ti alloys. Surface morphology rectified
interesting features before and after sintering. Upon sintering, there was
a presence of O2 composition, and amount of bioglass and Zirconia for
all classes have slight variation due to activity of crystallization. XRD
confirmed the presence of all elements in the diffractogram. The coating
hardness varied between the pure, combination and sintered coatings.
The sintered bioglass reinforced presented the highest hardness of 414
HV compared to bare Ti alloy of 266 HV. This goes in consistent with the
adhesive strength. The highest strength executed was 1929 mN. Results
from this research showed that the sintered bioglass 45S5 reinforced
with Zirconia surpassed the mechanical properties of all. Further work on
in-vitro test is in progress.
Keywords: Electrophoretic deposition; Bioglass; Zirconia
Abstract A083
Sequence Analysis and Comparative Modelling of Bromelain
from Pineapple
Nor Ayuni Abdul Manan, Ragheed Hussam Yousif, Kamyar Shameli &
Nurulbahiyah Ahmad Khairudin
Chemical Energy Conversion and Application iKohza, Department of Chemical
Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100,
Malaysia.
r-bahiah@utm.my
Abstract
Protein structure can be determined by either experimental method or by
computational prediction, which commonly known as comparative
modelling. The objective of this study is to predict the structure of
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bromelain enzyme from pineapple using computational approaches.
Results from BLAST showed that the most suitable template for
bromelain enzyme was procaricain with 40.58% of sequence identity
determined by sequence alignment. MODELLER was used to predict the
model using the method of satisfaction of spatial restraints. The quality
of the predicted model was then analysed using Ramachandran`s Plot
and Verify3D Profile evaluation. The results suggest that the model is
reliable and has good stereochemical properties.
Keywords: Bromelain, homology modelling, structural bioinformatics
Abstract A084
The Effect of Cement Content on Drying Shrinkage of Roller
Compacted Concrete Pavement
Mehdi Abbasi1,2, Payam Shafigh1,2 &Mohamad Rizal Bin Baharum1,2 1Department of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, University of
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Center for Building, Construction & Tropical Architecture (BuCTA), Faculty of
Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract
Roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) became a proper
alternative to conventional concrete pavement due to its cost-
effectiveness and easier production. RCCP is a zero slump concrete with
appropriate mechanical properties which make it to be a durable rigid
pavement. It has lower drying shrinkage due to its lower water demand
and less cement content compared to normal vibrated concrete. In this
research, the drying shrinkage behavior of two type of RCCPs with two
different cement dosages of 12% and 15% (of dry materials) was
investigated. The experimental test results were also compared with ACI
209.2R-08 drying shrinkage strain prediction model. The test results
show that increasing cement content from 12% to 15% has not significant
increasing on drying shrinkage strain of the RCCPs at early ages, while,
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the mix with 15% cement content showed 6% higher drying shrinkage
strain in long-term.
Keywords: Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement, Drying Shrinkage,
Cement Content, Mechanical properties
Abstract A086
Improvement of Coating Characteristics via Improvised
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Set-up
M.S Sharizal1, A.R. Bushroa1,2* & Mitra Akhtari Zavareh1,2 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
bushroa@um.edu.my
Abstract
The PEO technique is relatively simple, low cost, ability to deposit
mixture of complex compounds as well as depositing layers on complex
geometries. Due to a high temperature operation and easily exposed to
corroded chemicals, it requires proper experimental set-up to produce
quality and uniform coatings. Therefore, the old PEO experimental set-
up has been improvised including 1) electrode holder; 2) cathode-anode,
and 3) water-cooling system. In this paper, the focus is dedicated to the
first two items. For the first item, since the samples were to be held with
the conventional crocodile clip and frequently faced corrosion; a software
of SOLIDWORKS was utilized as a platform to design the holder. Next,
via the CAD model, the new innovative holder was fabricated using a 3D
printer. For the second item, results due to cathode via stainless
container and carbon electrode were exhibited. Performance of the new
set-up PEO was to be tested in comparison between the old setup and
improvised one. For this, compact layer of TiO2 was deposited on
Ti6Al4V substrate. Investigation on the quality of the PEO coating was
executed through surface morphology measurement using FESEM
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machine. FESEM analysis demonstrated that the coating from the new
set-up produced a thicker, denser and lower porosity of coating structure
compared to the specimen deposited via the old set-up. Meanwhile, the
mechanical properties of hardness and adhesive strength showed that
the new set-up improved both aspects. Thus, the new set up is
recommended since it could protect the sample holder from being
corroded, and enhancement in deposition rate without ignoring that the
electrolyte temperature stability is one of the other important issues
during the deposition process.
Keywords: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating; Plasma electrolytic
oxidation (PEO); Micro-hardness; Adhesive strength
Abstract A088
Crustacean Chitin Nanomaterial as Reinforcement for
Biobased Polymer
Miftahul Hidayat Maskur1, Wan Mohd Fazli Wan Nawawi1,*, Fathilah Ali1 &
Maan Fahmi Rashid Al-Khatib1
Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University
Malaysia , 53100, Gombak, Malaysia.
wanmohdfazli@iium.edu.my
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers extracted from crab shell using chemical treatment
were used to reinforce bio-based polymer, polylactic acid (PLA). In this
study, chlorofom was used to dissolve and disperse both chitin and PLA
homogenously before it was left evaporated naturally at room
temperature. Tensile specimen was prepared by filling the dog-bone
mold cavities with chloroform-free chitin/PLA film followed by
compression molding at 190 °C and 25 bar. Tensile strength test were
performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite
at different chitin concentration loading. Increase in chitin nanofiber
content up to 5 wt% effectively improve the Young Modulus (E) and
tensile strength (σ) of the resulting nanocomposite, in which the highest
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improvement was found at 5% chitin loading ( E = 1.3 GPa , σ = 24 MPa).
This account for 13% Young Modulus and 275% tensile strength
improvement compared to neat PLA specimen ( E = 1.15 GPa, σ = 6.4
MPa). However, further increase in chitin nanofiber content was found to
decrease the tensile strength performance of the nanocomposite. Higher
chitin nanofiber content caused the tendency for the agglomeration likely
to occur, which therefore lead to poor dispersion of the nanofiber within
the nanocomposite. Characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was
conducted to analyze the extracted chitin nanofiber, while Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology
of resulting chitin/PLA nanocomposite.
Keywords: Chitin, nanofiber, polylactic acid, biobased, nanocomposite,
morphology
Abstract A089
Effect of 45s5 Bioactive Glass on the Sintering Temperature
of Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Composite
Dayana Syafiqah Abu Bakar, Muralithran Govindan Kutty, Ali Abdullah Alwan
Al-Maqtari & Noor Azlin Yahya
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya,
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
dayana.abubakar@gmail.com
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) has good mechanical properties and anti-corrosion abilities
while hydroxyapatite (HA) is biocompatible with human hard tissue and
has similar composition of mineral component in bone and teeth
structures, which makes Ti-HA composite a great potential to be used as
a biomaterial in dental applications. To minimize the oxidation of titanium
and decomposition of hydroxyapatite is an important step to achieving
this aim. The objective of this study is to reduce the sintering temperature
of Ti-HA by incorporating 45S5 bioactive glass in the system. 45S5
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bioactive glass (with weight composition of 45% SiO2, 24.5% CaO,
24.5% Na2O and 6% P2O5) was prepared via melt-quenched method.
Each materials were weighed, milled and melted at 1380°C before were
quenched rapidly in water. The produced powders of 45S5 bioactive
glass were then incorporated in different ratios (1%-5%) into the Ti-HA
composite and sintered in the air atmosphere furnace. The characteristic
of crystalline phases of Ti-HA composite reinforced with different ratio of
45S5 bioactive glass were analyzed by using Fourier Transformed
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-
Ray Diffraction (XRD). 45S5 bioactive glass was synthesized
successfully with the XRD data indicating an amorphous sample that
agrees with other references. It is expected that this 45S5 bioactive glass
will reduce the sintering temperature via liquid phase sintering during the
diffusion process. The above results prove that 45S5 bioactive glass is a
good sintering aid and could facilitate the improvement of the Ti-HA
composite in terms of its physical and mechanical properties.
Keywords: Biomaterials, Composite Materials, Titanium,
Hydroxyapatite, 45S5 Bioactive Glass, Sintering
Abstract A090
Nickel ferrite / Chitosan Composite as a RADAR Absorbing
Material on Missile: A Review and Prospective
Maspin Apit1 & Romie Oktovianus Bura2* 1Departement of Weaponry Technology, Faculty of Defense Technology,
Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, Indonesia. 2*Department of Weaponry Technology, Faculty of Defense Technology,
Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, Indonesia.
romiebura@idu.ac.id
Abstract
Missiles are usually difficult to attack a land target or a surface ship that
is equipped with a RADAR. Therefore, technology needs to be
developed on missiles so that they are not detected by enemy RADAR.
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One of these technologies is the provision of radar absorbing material on
missiles. Nickel ferrite is a cheap material that has high permeability, high
resistivity, and high magnetic saturation, so it can be used as radar
absorbing material. Chitosan is a biopolymer that is polycationic or
possessing lots of positive charges from the nitrogen group. These
polycationic properties tend to classify chitosan into dielectric materials.
Materials with high dielectric properties will be able to absorb
electromagnetic waves. Nickel ferrite and Chitosan are combined to
make a cheap composite and has a prospect to be a RADAR absorbing
material on missile.
Keywords: nickel ferrite, chitosan, composite, RADAR absorbing
material, missile.
Abstract A092
Elastic Properties of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibrous
Membranes: Experimental Investigation and Numerical
Modeling Using Pixel-Based Homogenization Technique
M.S. Sukiman1,2, A. Andriyana1,2,*, B.C. Ang1,3, C.J. Tan1,2, T. Nuge1,2, H.S.C.
Metselaar1,2 & M. Elma4 1Center of Advanced Materials. Faculty of Engineering. University of Malaya.
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering. University of
Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering. University of
Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering. Lambung
Mangkurat University. 70714 Banjarbaru, Indonesia.
andri.andriyana@um.edu.my
Abstract
In this paper, experimental investigation and numerical modeling of the
mechanical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous
membranes produced by electrospinning are addressed. Membranes
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with three different diameters are fabricated which can be achieved by
adjusting the needle-collector distance during electrospinning. The fiber
morphology and the physical properties of the resulting membranes are
investigated using SEM while their elastic properties are probed using
conventional tensile tests. It is found that the effect of the needle-
collector distance on the fiber morphology is not linear. A low number of
beads are observed on the shortest distance and it decreases for the
intermediate distance. However, a high number of large beads are
present on the furthest distance membrane which indicates poor
electrospinning parameter for the PVDF polymer. Following the same
trend, the fiber diameter is low, lowest and highest for the shortest,
interemediate and furthest distance respectively. It is also interesting to
note that the membrane density is highest when the fiber diameter is
lowest which implies better fiber arrangement and fiber packing.
Consequently, the intermediate distance yielded the highest membrane
Young’s modulus, followed by the shortest and furthest distance. Next,
the experimental results serve as reference for a pixel-based numerical
homogenization technique which is applied directly on the SEM images
of the membranes. This technique has the advantage of providing
estimations of properties from the real membrane structure. The
numerical results are consistent with the experimental ones and have
shown to be a reliable tool for the determination of nanofibrous
membrane’s elastic properties. The pixel-based numerical
homogenization technique can be a nondestructive alternative to the
conventional tensile tests.
Keywords: Electrospinning, Polymer, Nanofiber morphology, Elastic
properties, Computational homogenization.
Abstract A094
Impedance Chracterisation of Carbon Black Epoxy
Composites
Raja Nor Izawati Raja Othman & Nazrul Hakim Abdullah
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Pertahanan Nasioanal Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
izawati@upnm.edu.my
Abstract
Carbon black (CB) has been widely used as carbon filler for the epoxy
resin to impart an enhanced electrical properties. CB is highly
agglomerated; which is an important characteristic in enhancing the
formation of percolated network. In this work, CB has incorporated into
epoxy at a loading range from 1 wt.% to 7 wt.%. The electrical
conductivity is measured using impedance spectroscopy, operated in the
frequency range between 10 to 105 Hz. It is found that the higher amount
of CB added resulted in the higher amount of electrical conductivity. The
ac conductivity values and pattern for for 1 wt.% and neat epoxy is
similar, indicating that loading 1 wt.% is insufficient to change the
behavior of the epoxy from insulative to conductive. It is also observed
that the specific conductivity values for the samples containing CB at
loading 5 wt.% and above remains independent of the frequency,
indicating a purely ohmic behaviour. The critical loading is also
calculated and yielded the value of 2.7 wt.%. Impedance measurement
is also performed and demonstrated Nyquist plot of semi circular for CB
loading between 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%. However, the Nyquist plot for loading
6 wt.% and 7 wt.% displayed vertical plot.
Keywords: Carbon Black, Electrical Conductivity, Circuit Equivalance,
Percolation Threshold, Critical Loading
Abstract A095
The Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Residual
Stress Level of A53 Steel Pipe
Raden Dadan Ramdana, Irma Pratiwib, Bagas Ade Senatama, M Bagaskara
Jiwapasca, Emia Yoseva Tarigan, Dwiki Panji Kresna & Suryandaru Martawirya
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Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia
40132. aradendadanramdan@gmail.com, birma031.ip@gmail.com
Abstract
Residual stresses often become the cause of early damage to equipment
or machinery. Residual stress generally appears on components as a
result of improper equipment design and improper of manufacturing
processes. Cold working processes on metals can provide plastic
deformation. Plastic deformation that occurs will cause lattice distortion
on the metal structure. This lattice distortion will cause residual stress.
The greater degree of cold working on the metal, the greater residual
stress level in the metal. In this research, measurement of residual stress
was carried out on as received specimen and treated specimens. The
treatment given is cold work by rolling and thermomechanical treatment
(cold work + normalizing). Residual stress measurement is carried out
using the hole drilling method. The results show that the greater
deformation percentage given, the greater residual stress measured.
One of the methods to relieve residual stresses in material is by heat
treatment process. In this process, the residual stress on material will
decrease significantly accompanied by changes in the microstructure
inside the metal. However, if the application of the heat treatment
process is not right, besides experiencing a decrease in residual stress,
the metal will also experience decreasing in strength and therefore
proper treatment process is needed through understanding the
phenomena that occur during the process of heat treatment of metals
that have high residual stress. For this reason, a detailed understanding
about the effect of thermomechanical treatment on the residual stress
level is important to investigate.
Keywords: Residual stress, stress concentration, hole drilling test,
thermomechanical treatment, heat treatment
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Abstract A096
Design and Development of Engineering Component using
Natural Rubber Biocomposites
Thamish Patmanathan1,a, Chai Ai Bao1,b* & Shamsul Kamaruddin2,c 1Department of Mechanical, Materials and manufacturing Engineering, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia. 2Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber Board.
apthamish@gmail.com, b*aibao.chai@nottingham.edu.my, ckshamsul@lgm.gov.my
Abstract
In this study, the potential usage of natural rubber biocomposites in
engineering products was investigated. The engineering product
fabricated is a rubber bush which is widely used in the automobile
industry. Three different types of rubber matrix: 25% mol epoxidised
natural rubber (ENR25), 50% mol epoxidised natural rubber (ENR50)
and deproteinised natural rubber (DPNR) were studied. The biofillers
used were eggshell powder (ESP) and oil palm fibres (OPF) with a
loading of 30 phr and 10 phr respectively. The mould flow simulation
was carried out to study the flow of the rubber in an existing mould cavity.
The results were used to modify and improve the flow of the rubber
biocomposite material into the mould. A thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA) was carried out on both the ESP and OPF and it was observed
that the ESP is more stable thermally compared to the OPF. Static test
was conducted on the rubber bush to study the static stiffness properties.
Dynamic test was also conducted to study the dynamic stiffness and the
loss angle. The results of the tests showed promising mechanical
properties of the natural rubber biocomposites with ENR25 rubber
matrix. Further research should be conducted on other biofillers that is
capable of improving the properties of the rubber to replace the use of
carbon black in the ENR25.
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Abstract A098
Role of Size (Steric) and Charge (Donnan) Exclusion in
Removal of Iron from Water by Hydrophilic Nanofiltration
Membranes
Norherdawati Kasima*, Abdul Wahab Mohammadb,c &Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
Abdullahc aDepartment of Chemistry, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National
Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg. Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. bResearch Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of
Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. cDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and
Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia.
herdawati@upnm.edu.my
Abstract
The retention of iron from water by hydrophilic nanofiltration membranes
(TS40 and TFC-SR3) were investigated. In order to better understand
the mechanisms of iron removal by these polymeric membranes, their
surface charge and separation behavior for several salt solutions (NaCl,
Na2SO4, and MgCl2) were first investigated. The ability of both
membranes to remove inorganic species, Fe2+ from water was further
investigated. Low applied pressure and adjustment on feed pH were
shown to influence the divalent Fe2+ ion retention mechanism.
Experimental results showed that retention of this metallic ion by using
TFC-SR3 was higher than TS40 membrane. An increase of applied
pressure has decreased Fe retention for TFC-SR3 (99-94%) and TS-40
(86-69%). This behavior was believed due to solvent permeability. In the
aim to achieve drinking water standard, feed solution pH was adjusted in
the range of 3 to 9. Retention of Fe(II) decreased sharply from 99% at
pH 9 to 67% at pH 3. This results is mainly attributed to changes in Fe(II)
speciation with pH (Fe2+ at pH < 6.8, Fe2+ at pH > 6.8) and to the extent
on changes in membrane charge with decreasing pH. In addition,
permeate concentration (Cp) of iron has achieved the drinking water
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standard by filtration at pH 9 for TFC-SR3 (0.12 mg Fe/L) and TS-40
(0.14 mg Fe/L) membrane. The pH adjustment has dominantly
influenced membrane performance due to solute-membrane interaction
and emphasized the paramount role of size and charge exclusion in
achieving high retention of Fe(II) species in water.
Keywords: Nanofiltration; Iron retention; Drinking water; Membrane
charge; Hydrated radius
Abstract A100
Microstructural, Mechanical and Tribo-Corrosion Behaviors
of Al2O3 Nanotubes Coated on Aluminum Alloys Series 7
(AA7075) for Palm-Based Biodiesel Engine Application
Masoud Sarraf & Nazatul Liana Sukiman
Center of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract
Aluminium and its alloys are adopted in wide range of applications due
to its outstanding advantageous properties such as high electrical and
thermal conductivities, good corrosion resistance, highly formable,
recyclable and high strength with low density. In the event of corrosive
environment, pure aluminium as well as its alloys can be further
enhanced through surface modification to improve its corrosive property.
In this current research, the focus is on employing novel surface
modification with the formation of aluminium oxide nano-porous arrays
on aluminium alloy AA7075 in order to improve the tribocorrosion
properties. Development of the oxide layer was carried out through
electrochemical anodization. Subsequently, heat treatment at 450 °C for
duration of 1.5 hour. Tribocorrosion behaviour of AA7075 in palm oil
biofuel (B100) is studied with justifications on material properties:
adhesion strength, hardness and surface wettability. Heat treated
sample has the best adhesion strength (2400 mN) of aluminium oxide
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nano-porous layer, the highest hardness (92HV) and lowest contact
angel (18.3◦) compared to substrate and anodized samples. Corrosion
and tribology test in palm oil biofuel (B100) carried out reveals that
anodization able to improve tribocorrosion resistance of AA7075. Heat-
treated AA7075 also enhanced the material properties and increase
tribocorrosion protection of with the lowest corrosion rate (0.002×10-6)
and coefficient of friction (0.33).
Keywords: AA7075; Anodization; Tribocorrosion; Wettability;
Mechanical properties
Abstract A101
Polymer Blending Between Polylactic Acid (PLA) and
Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) for Water Filtration Membrane
Application
Lau Kia Kian
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
laukiakian@gmail.com
Abstract
The awareness to develop biopolymers membrane is arising currently for
filtration purpose owing to its renewability and sustainability properties.
At present study, polymer blending between polylactic acid (PLA) and
polybutylene succinate (PBS) through solution casting is an excellent
strategy to enhance the structural properties of membrane. Under the
examination of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),
the fabricated membrane had improved porosity and well porous
structure. For physicochemical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have revealed the increased
crystallinity degree of the blended polymeric membrane with 39.4%.
Meanwhile, both mechanical and thermal properties were slightly
enhanced for membrane with the blending of 80 wt% PLA and 20 wt%
PBS. In water filtration performance, the blended membrane showed
great water permeability in the range from 36 to 55 L/m2h. Also, the
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improved water permeability was in line with the reduction of water
contact angle. Therefore, the well-designed polymeric membrane could
be utilized for water filtration application.
Keywords: membrane; water filtration; polymer blending; polylactic acid;
polybutylene succinate
Abstract A102
PZT Family Epitaxial Thick Film for Ultrasonic Transducer at
Frequencies Below 100MHz
Yuka Mazda1,2 & Takahiko Yanagitani 1,2,3* 1Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University
2ZAIKEN 3*JST-PRESTO
yanagitani@waseda.jp
Abstract
The frequency range of 20-100 MHz ultrasonics are promising for
photoacoustic imaging, which is useful to image blood in vivo at high
resolution. PVDF is a well-known material for ultrasonic transducers for
photoacoustic imaging. However, electromechanical coupling of PVDF
(kt2=4%) is not enough for practical use. We previously reported high kt2
of 4.4 m PZT epitaxial thin film (kt2=25%) at 400 MHz. In order to
achieve lower frequency operation, thicker epitaxial film is required.
However, it is difficult to obtain thick epitaxial PZT film due to their large
internal stress. Many studies of PZT thick film transducers, therefore,
were centered on the use of polycrystalline films. In this study we first
report high efficient PZT epitaxial thick film transducer operating in the
20-100 MHz.
PZT thick films (16.0 m) were grown epitaxially on conductive La-
SrTiO3 substrate by RF magnetron sputtering for 100 hours. The
substrate is at the floating potential to reduce the effects of ion-
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irradiation-induced stress during the epitaxial growth. We measured
crystalline quality of the PZT thick film by a X-ray diffractometer
(XRD,X’Per PRO, PANalytical). PZT(002) peak was observed at around
2 =43º. (002) peak rocking curve FWHM of the PZT was measured
to be 0.4º which shows high crystallinity.
We fabricated the high-overtone bulk acoustic resonator (Au/PZT/La-
STO substrate). Longitudinal wave conversion loss(CL) is calculated
from the impulse response, which is obtained by the inverse Fourier
transform of the reflection coefficient S11 measured using a network
analyzer. The minimum CL of 2.8 dB was found at 89 MHz. kt2 estimated
by comparison of experimental and theoretical CL was 26.0%, which is
much higher than that of PVDF (4%). This transducer is well suited for
photoacoustic imaging and medical ultrasonic applications.
Keywords: Piezoelctricity, PZT, Epitaxial, Magnetron sputtering,
Ferroelectric material
Abstract A103
ScAlN Free–standing 0.1 mm Piezoelectric Plates in the 30–
50 MHz Resonance Frequency
Chiaki Masamune1, 2, Rei Karasawa1, 2 & Takahiko Yanagitani1, 2, 3 1Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University
2ZAIKEN 3*JST-PRESTO
massa-white@asagi.waseda.jp , Yanagitani@waseda.jp
Abstract
Ultrasonic microscopy for biological imaging uses the frequency range of
100–300 MHz. High frequency ultrasound has high spatial resolution.
Higher frequency, however, induces lower deep resolution because of
the large sound attenuation. In recent years, tissues in vivo observation
by ultrasonic microscopy with 80 MHz PVDF (Polyvinylidene Difluoride)
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transducer was reported. However, their electromechanical coupling
coefficient kt2 of 4% is too small for practical use [1, 2]. We previously
reported the transducer with ScAlN thick film on silica glass rod,
operating at 44 MHz (kt2=11.9%) [3]. Lead–free ScAlN with large
piezoelectricity is suitable for medical applications. In this study, we
report the fabrication of ScAlN free–standing plates with 0.105 mm and
0.117 mm thickness by using high rate sputtering growth.
Two ScAlN thick films (plates) were grown on Ti bottom electrodes/ silica
glass substrates by hot target RF magnetron sputtering technique. We
used self–made ScAl alloy metal target fabricated by e–beam melting in
vacuum. Au top electrodes were deposited on the films. The free–
standing plates were obtained by peeling off the thick films from the
substrates. Next, the real part of admittance (Yreal) and impedance
(Zreal) were measured by a network analyzer. The kt2 was measured by
a resonance anti–resonance method using the peak of Yreal and Zreal.
The rocking curve FWHM (0002) peak of the ScAlN free–standing plate
(0.105 mm) was measured to be 2.6° and that of the plate (0.117 mm)
was measured to be 4.7° by X–ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The
kt2 of each plate was determined to be 12.4% at 43 MHz and 13.6 % at
38 MHz by using a resonance anti–resonance method. These kt2 were
much larger than that of PVDF membrane. Therefore, the lead–free
ScAlN transducer has a bright promise for ultrasound biological imaging.
Keywords: Piezoelectricity, Piezoelectlic film, ScAlN, Sputtering,
biological imaging
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Sponsor: IEEE - EPS
About The IEEE Electronics Packaging Society is the leading international
forum for scientists and engineers engaged in the research, design and development of revolutionary advances in microsystems packaging and
manufacturing.
Its objectives are scientific, literary, and educational in character. The Society strives for the advancement of the theory and practice of electrical and electronics engineering and of the allied arts and
sciences, and the maintenance of a high professional standing among its members and others and with special attention of such aims within
the field of interest of the Society.
The EPS promotes close cooperation and exchange of technical information among its members and others through technical conferences and workshops, peer-reviewed publications, and
collaboration with other organizations.
It is one of 38 technical Societies within the IEEE.
Field of Interest The scientific, engineering, and production aspects of materials,
components, modules, hybrids and micro-electronic systems for all electronic applications, which includes technology, selection,
modeling/simulation, characterization, assembly, interconnection, packaging, handling, thermal management, reliability, testing/control of the above as applied in design and manufacturing. Examples include optoelectronics and bioelectronic systems packaging, and adaptation for operation in severe/harsh environments. Emphasis is on research,
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analysis, development, application and manufacturing technology that advance state-of-the-art within this scope.
Global Reach Through its sponsored and cosponsored conferences and workshops held throughout the world, as well as its peer-reviewed Transactions
containing articles from authors worldwide, the EPS provides the best available technical information.
Local Activities Chapters throughout the US, Europe and Asia/Pacific provide
opportunities for groups of local members to meet and participate in activities on a more frequent basis, often focusing on the particular
profile of the locale.
Governance The Society is managed by a Board of Governors composed of elected
and appointed volunteer members. A set of operational committees oversee key activities and functions of the Society.
Joint Activities The Society collaborates and cooperates with other IEEE Societies as
well as with other professional associations through initiatives, publications, conferences and councils. Following are some of the
areas and activities that EPS jointly sponsors or supports:
Activities/Initiatives Heterogeneous Integration Road Map
Young Professionals Women in Engineering
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Sponsor: Aseptec Sdn. Bhd.
Amplifier & High
Voltage Generator Battery &
Supercapacitor
Tester
Confocal Raman
Microscopy
Four Point Probe
High Voltage
Power Supply
Droplet Microfluidic
System
Hall Effect
Measurement
High Pressure
Homogenizer
Syringe
Pump Potentiostat/Galv
anostat/ZRA/EIS UV/VIS/NIR
Spectrometer
Customized
Chemical
Reactor
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Applications
Photocatalyst Reactor
Adsorption Test Rig
Biomass Fluidized Bed Gasification
Cell lysis, Dispersion, Emulsion Processing
Single Cell RNA-Seq & Microencapsulated
High Pressure High Temperature Reactor
Thin Film measurement
Semiconductor mobility & carrier
Sheet Resistivity
Corrosion, Electrochemistry Studies
Confocal Raman Imaging & Raman spectra
NDT, Electrospinning
Oscillatory Flow Reactor
Fuel cell & Energy device measurement
Solar Cell measurement
CO2 Capture & Storage
Pumping & Infusions systems
Irradiance, LED, Colour, Fluorescence
Absorbance, Transmission, Reflectance
Aseptec Sdn Bhd,53-1, Jalan Equine 9, Taman
Equine,43300, Seri Kembangan,
Selangor, Malaysia
+603-89415634
info@aseptec.com.my
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Sponsor: RGS Corporation Sdn. Bhd.
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SB15, Serdang Skyvillas
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