power quality issues & solutions - felidae systems

POWER QUALITY ISSUES

IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (FELIDAE SYSTEMS)

(www.felidaesystems.co.in)

Power quality determines the fitness of electrical

power to consumer devices. Synchronization of the voltage frequency and phase allows electrical systems to function in their intended manner without significant loss of performance or life. The term is used to describe electric power that drives an electrical load and the load's ability to function properly. Without the proper power, an electrical device (or load) may malfunction, fail prematurely or not operate at all. There are many ways in which electric power can be of poor quality and many more causes of such poor quality power.

Industrial electronic devices and non linear loads are the major cause of harmonic generation. As the current drawn from the supply no longer remains sinusoidal, thus the resultant waveform is made up of a number of different waveforms of different frequencies.

Harmonics are a major cause of power supply pollution lowering the power factor and increasing the electrical losses, which may cause a premature equipment failure and higher rating requirement for equipment, in a non linear load current and applied voltage are not proportional to each other.

When sinusoidal voltage is applied to a nonlinear resistor, we get the resulting current distorted, few percent of increase in a voltage may cause the current to double and take on a different waveshape. This is the main source of harmonic distortion in a power system. Modern electrical system is with number of power electronic devices those are nothing but a non linear load which may causes a disturbance in a mains ac current, due to which power system may suffers from adverse effect

Therefore it has become necessary to reduce harmonic distortion for utilities as well as users. Harmonic distortion in power distribution systems can be suppressed using various techniques

• Variations in the peak or RMS voltage. • RMS voltage exceeding the nominal voltage by 10 to 80% for

0.5 cycle to 1 minute. • RMS voltage getting below the nominal voltage by 10 to 90%

for 0.5 cycle to 1 minute. • Random or repetitive variations in the RMS voltage between

90 and 110% of nominal • Abrupt, very brief increases in voltage, called "spikes",

"impulses", or "surges",

POWER QUALITY ISSUES

• Under voltage or Voltage drop occurs when the nominal voltage drops below 90% for more than 1 minute.

• "Overvoltage" occurs when the nominal voltage rises above 110% for more than 1 minute.

• Variations in the frequency. • Variations in the wave shape – usually described

as harmonics.

POWER QUALITY ISSUES CONTD…

• Nonzero low-frequency impedance (when a load draws more power, the voltage drops).

• Nonzero high-frequency impedance (when a load demands a large amount of current, then stops demanding it suddenly, there will be a dip or spike in the voltage due to the inductances in the power supply line).

POWER QUALITY ISSUES CONTD…

THESE POWER QUALITY

ISSUES CAN SOMETIMES BE

DEADLY EVEN

POWER QUALITY ISSUES ARE THE MAJOR

CAUSE FOR ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUITS

WHICH RESULTS IN FIRE HAZARDS

STAY SAFE FROM ALL POSSIBLE

ELECTRICAL FIRE HAZARDS

www.felidaesystems.co.in