post independance architecture in india
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Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Post Independence Architecture
Ar. Hena Tiwari
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
The first train to Pakistan, which ran from Delhi to Lahore
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
The day India got its Independence!- 15th Aug 1947
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India salutes the Indian National Flag
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the First Indian President
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of the
independent India is widely known for his far vision, he was
a modernist who favored state intervention.
A new era of architecture began when the very famous
architect Le Corbusier was invited to design the capital of the
Punjab state, Chandigarh. Le Corbusier’s uncompromising
functionalism consciously broke with the past ‘historicism’ of
imperial architecture.
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Other invited architect, the very notable Louis Kahn
created the avant-garde architecture with the little spice of
the ‘Mughal’, in Ahmedabad.
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
POST INDEPENDENCE SCENARIO
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
India and
Independence
Realization of freedom
in following fronts:
Cultural, political,
social, economic
These were the
yardsticks set for the
future development.
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Tagore
Gandhi
Nehru
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Gandhi / Tagore
Poorna Swaraj
Absolute belief in science and technology but passionate
about rural India.
Villages to be self dependent.
Local materials and local skills, cost effective
architecture.
Going back to roots.
Belief in traditional rural essence based in agriculture
production.
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Sabarmati Ashram, Sabarmati, Gujarat
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
NEHRU
Very Forward looking.
Interested in what science and
technology have to offer.
Strength of industrialization.
Believed in a liberal, modern,
progressive, industrialized India.
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Architecturally
Nehru, championed a vision of architecture that
embraced the current western centric practices namely
modernism.
Knew Albert Mayer and approved the choice for a
foreign architect for planning Chandigarh
Revivalism had a limited role to play
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Tremendous sense of urgency to build
Newly independent country, required new infrastructure
Urbanization demanded creation of new cities and
towns
Chandigarh, Bhubaneshwar
Demand for new built form types: schools , hospitals
etc.
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Style of New India
Shaped by the sentiments of
_anti-colonialism
_patriotism
_revivalism
_traditionalismAs well as the sentiments of
_development
_modernity
_progress
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Architecture colleges based in cities like Bombay, Calcutta,
Madras.
British architects designing the buildings. Catholic influence.
Walter George, St. Stephens College, Delhi
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
Clients
Biggest client : Government
Public and semi-public bodies : HOUSING BOARDS,
improvement trusts, development authorities
Political leaders : who had interest in architecture.
Non- Govt. clients : Private trusts like TATA, business
houses and individuals
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
The Philosophies
1950 – witnessed battle of architecture ideologies
3 trends identified
1. Revivalism: going back to seek inspiration from the past
2. Modernism: according to western ideologies
3. Continuity: before independence, colonial style to be
continued
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
REVIVALISM
It was an immediate architectural response after the
independence.
It had replication of traditional forms.
Red Sand stone used
Trademark of colonial
Delhi.
B.E. Doctor, Ashoka Hotel, New Delhi
Vidhan soudha, Bangalore
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
MODERNISM
Inspired by the contemporary spirit of the age.
Patronized by Nehru.
Advocated chiefly by America educated Indian architects
working for PWD.
Perceived as forward looking, symbolizing an awakened India.
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
ATIRA Building, Ahmedabad, AP Kanvinde
New Secretariat Building, Calcutta , Habib Rehman
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
CONTINUITY
Advocated by govt. builders like CPWD, and state PWD
Found favor with the older generation of architects
who were skeptical about modernism
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
National Museum, CPWD,New Delhi
Supreme Court, CPWD,New Delhi
Ar. Hena Tiwari/G.C.A.D,Sonipat
The battle of styles was won by
Modernism
With no less a person that the PM of India, Nehru, ruling in its
favor.
Nehru Invited Le- Corbusier to India to design the new capital
city of Punjab
CHANDIGARH…
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