plant crash course - introduction to plant evolution

Tuesday April 4th , 2017

Today you need• Notebook• Something to write with

Objective• Identify and describe the

function of plant and flower organs

Wednesday April 5th , 2017Animal Poster Due

Kingdom Animalia Poster Tour

• To help you become more familiar with more animals, please take a tour of the posters created by your classmates

• Complete the graphic organizer for 4 different animals (not the one you researched)

• Please be done by __________

To do

• Please hang up your animal mini-poster

Plant Anatomy & Evolution

How Would You Define the Kingdom Plantae?Are these all plants?

Green algae

Charophycean

Liverwort

Fern

Tree

Lichen

How Would You Define the Kingdom Plantae?yes

yes

Maybe depending on reclassification

No - Lichen=symbiosis between fungus & photosynthetic algae

No

yes

What are the organs of a plant?

• 3 Basic Plant Organs: Roots StemsLeaves Shoot system

What is the function of each organ?

Roots Absorb water and minerals

Shoot System Stems allow for height Leaves for photosynthesis

Why is height important?

Plant Classification:• The plant kingdom can

be divided into 3 main categories:

1. nonvascular plants2. seedless vascular

plants3. seed vascular plants

Nonvascular Plants– Moss– Most simple– Most ancient– No vessels

Seedless Vascular Plants • ferns• Vessels, no flowers

Big Sporophyte Tiny Gametophyte

Plant vessels• Xylem tubes carry water throughout the plant • Phloem tubes carry sugar throughout the plant• Vascular tissue allows plants to grow bigger & taller

Seed Vascular Plants• A seed is an embryo + a food supply for the embryo + a

protective coat around the whole thing

Seed Plants - Gymnosperms• Gymno - naked• Sperm - seeds• Cone bearing plants -

conifers (pines, firs, redwoods)

• Seeds are “naked” - seeds on cones, not in a fruit

Male and female structures in different cones

Wind dependent pollination

Seed Plants - Angiosperms

• aka “flowering plants”

• Seed plants with flowers and fruit

• Angio - container• Sperm - seed

Angiosperms

• Most diverse, most evolved group of all plants• Over 250,000 species• Represent 90% of all plants

Angiosperm Structures

Flower = structure specialized for sexual reproduction

Flower Structures• Sepal = at base of flower, us.

green, enclose flower before it opens

• Petals = aid in attracting pollinators– Unless wind pollinated, then they are

dull• Stamens = produce pollen, the

male gametophyte• Carpels = produce female

gametophytes

Mechanisms to prevent self-fertilization

– Maturation of reproductive organs at different times

– Structural arrangement of reproductive organs

Development

The ovule develops into the seedThe ovary develops into the fruit, which encloses the seed

Fruit• Fruits protect and help

disperse the seeds of the plant

• Fruits can be fleshy (oranges, strawberries, grapes) or dry (beans, nuts, grains)

Radicle - the embryonic rootEpicotyl - part of embryo where cotyledons (seed leaves) are attachedSeed is dormant until right conditions are met

Animals have influenced the evolution of plants, and vice versaAnimals on ground favors plants that can grow tall, out of reach– Animal adapt by growing taller, flying, etc.

Fruit develops to protect seeds, but sweeter fruit gets eaten and seeds dispersed fartherPlants and pollinators can have very specific relationships (coevolution)