planning a fall garden mum fertilization program neil mattson assistant professor and floriculture...

Planning a Fall Garden Mum Fertilization Program

Neil MattsonAssistant Professor and

Floriculture Extension Specialist

Presented at:

Chrysanthemum Field Day

Long Island Horticultural Research & Extension Center

September 30, 2008

The Good

Fertilize to match plant growth

Relative time0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

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0.6

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1.0

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Transplant

Rapid Vegetative Growth

Finish

The Plan – Constant Liquid Feed

• Initially– 200-300 ppm N with 20-10-20, 20-20-20 or

15-5-15, etc.– High side for mixes with bark– less than 200 ppm N if controlled release

fertilizers are also used

• Once plants are actively growing:– Rotate in 15-0-15 every third watering– Helps to control stretch

The Plan – Constant Liquid Feed

• Once buds appear:– Use 15-0-15 continuously

• Pea-sized buds:– Clear water only

More thoughts…

• Following rainy weather– give them a boost

• Reduce feeding during extreme heat when plant growth shuts down

• Push vegetative growth immediately following transplanting/cool weather – fertilize well to avoid premature budding

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Temperature controls rate of release

0

2

4

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60 70 80 90Average temperature (°F)

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3-4 month5-6 month8-9 month

Using Controlled Release Fertilizers for Mums

• Less control– initial may not be enough– can’t slow-down release at the end

• Top dressing/incorporated at medium-high rate– 14-14-14, 15-9-12, etc.

• Distribute evenly so one spot doesn’t get burnt; make sure prills are moistened at each watering

• Make sure micros are included when using a soilless mix

• If using incorporated CRFs - use within one week of mixing; otherwise salts can accumulate and can burn roots

Other Considerations

• During cold temps may need to supplement with liquid feed to push vegetative growth

• 3-4 month formulations can run out early (high temps)

Chrysanthemum CRF/WSF Experiment

Source: Mark Bridgen

Cultivar ‘Coparo’

CRFOnly

Osmocote Plus 8-9 MonthCRF + WSF

Control: Liquid Feed

Only

2 wks WSF

4 wks WSF

6 wks WSF

Combination of CRFs with a Liquid Feed Program

• Research by Dr. Mark Bridgen

• CRF only plants (with an 8-9 month product) were not as large as constant liquid feed plants

• However using liquid feed for the first 4-6 weeks then only media incorporated CRF gave growth nearly as large as constant liquid feed plants

control

Osmocote Plus 3-4 monthOsmocote Plus 5-6 monthOsmocote Plus 8-9 month

High Med LowHigh Med Low High Med Low

Research by Dr. Mark Bridgen• Testing 3 different rates of media incorporated CRF

(Low, Medium, High)• And 3 different release periods (3-4, 5-6, and 8-9 month)• Using the High rates suitable plant size was found

CRF Recommendations

• You CAN grow a mum with 100% Controlled Release Fertilizer.

• Use higher rates: 10-14#/cu.yd– ie, 28-39 g/9”pot

• Or use a lower rate, if a smaller plant form is desired

• Use the 8-9 month formulation• If your mums are looking yellow at the end, hit

them with a liquid feed about 10 days before sale.

‘Sparkle White’

Source: Mark Bridgen

Are you on track?

• Periodic pH and EC (salt) monitoring is recommended

• pH: 5.5-6.4

• EC (dS/m) SME PourThru– Establishing 0.8-1.5 1.0-2.0– Transplant/Vegetative 1.7-3.0 2.3-4.0– Finishing 0.8-1.5 1.0-2.0

Of Note:• Avoid water stress – can

reduce flower size and delay flowering

• Low fertility can cause poor plant size and buds not developing on schedule

• High fertility can cause root tip burn and delay flowering

The Bad

Low Fertility

Low Fertility - P

The Ugly

Guidelines for foliar analysis values for Chrysanthemums

Samples from the top-most fully expanded leaves

Source: Plant Analysis Handbook for Georgia, 1988

Nitrogen (N) 4.0 – 6.5 %

Phosphorus (P) 0.25 – 1.0 %

Potassium (K) 3.5 – 6.5 %

Calcium (Ca) 0.5 – 2.0 %

Magnesium (Mg) 0.3 – 0.6 %

Boron (B) 25 – 100 ppm

Copper (Cu) 5 – 50 ppm

Iron (Fe) 50 – 300 ppm

Manganese (Mn) 30 – 350 ppm

Zinc (Zn) 15 – 50 ppm

IronChlorosis

Correcting Iron Chlorosis

• A problem at high substrate pH which causes iron to be poorly soluble– correct Substrate pH– nitrogen form (ammonium decreases pH)– acid injection

• Drench with Iron chelate– Solubility depends on pH

• Iron-EDDHA > DTPA > EDTA > Iron Sulfate

• Foliar spray of Iron– Watch out for phytotoxicity!– wash foliage soon after applying

Magnesium deficiency

• 20-10-20, 20-20-20 15-0-15 have very little Magnesium

• A problem at low pH (Mg unavailable) and not present in water source/fertilizer

• Typically a problem when alkalinity is low– not present in the tap water– low alkalinity low pH

• Supplement with epsom salts (Magnesium sulfate)– Continuous – Every month

Pythium induced nutrient deficiency

Pythium Healthy

Pythium Healthy

Questions? Neil Mattson nsm47@cornell.edu

Online: http://www.greenhouse.cornell.edu

Please Note – Trade names used in the presentation are for convenience only. No endorsement of products is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products implied.