pattern recognition receptors (prrs) signaling pathways

LPS

Flagellin

NF-κB

TIRAPMyD88

TLR4

TLR1 TLR2 TLR6 TLR5

TIRAPMyD88

CD14

Nucleus

Caspase-1 Activation

Caspase-1(Caspase-5)

pro-IL-1β

IL-18 (secreted)

IL-1β (secreted)

pro-IL-18

InflammasomesNLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6,

NLRC4, RIG-I, AIM2

Asc

DNA Sensors

RNA poly IIIDAI

MRE11LRRFIP1DDX41IFI16AIM2

DHX9/36

Toll-like Receptors

RIG

-I-lik

e R

ecep

tors

CARD9Bcl-10MALT1

NO

D-li

ke R

ecep

tors

Cyt

osol

ic D

NA

Sens

ors

RNA poly III

dsDNA (Viral Infection,

Bacteria)

Inflammatory Response

PAMPs / DAMPs

IRF3IRF7

AP1

Inflammation, Immune Regulation, Autophagy, Survival, Proliferation, Apoptosis, Necrosis/Necroptosis

Transcription

MD2

Bacterial Cell Wall Compounds

Lipopeptides LipoglycansPeptidoglycans

STING

β-Catenin

Type I IFNsPro-inflammatory Cytokines & Chemokines

Cytoplasm

RAGEHeparansulfate

HMGB1

TRAMTRIF

MyD88 TRIF

IRF3 IRF7NF-κBAP1

RIP1

TRADD

MAPKp38

Ras

cGAS

cGAMPPKR

eIF-2αP

Protein Synthesis

MAVSBcl-10CARD9

MitochondriaER

Viral dsRNA

ATP +

GTP

TLR10

MyD88

TLR11TLR12

Profilin

NIK

TIRAPMyD88

TRIF

MAPK

Raf-1

Horseshoe-shaped solenoid N-terminal extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs

Compact and globular C-terminal intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain

ActivationTranslocation TLRs

Inhibition

TLR11/TLR12: Expressed in mice only

?

RIP2CARD9

Nod2MDP

Nod1iE-D

AP

MAPKp38JNK

S100A8/A9C-type Lectin Receptors

Syk

Dectin-1 Dectin-2 Mincle

Syk

FcRγ

SAP130α-MannoseCord Factor

Fungal HyphaeN-linked Mannan

DC-SIGN

N-linked MannanViruses

MycobacteriaZymosanβ-Glucan

PKCδ

RNA Sensors

RIG-IMDA5LGP2

LSm14A

Viral RNA

Viral Infection

+

Tran

sloc

atio

n

TLR4

TLR3TLR7/8 TLR9

EndosomedsRNAssRNA

CpG DNAODNs

CD14

( )4

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Signaling Pathways

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