parts of speech there are eight parts of speech: nounadverb pronoun preposition verb interjection...

Parts of SpeechThere are eight parts of speech:

noun adverbpronoun prepositionverb interjectionadjective conjunction

Parts of Speech•Noun – names a person, place, thing, or ideaboy, dog, Louisiana, pencil, love, peace

•Subject – the key noun or nouns that tells what the sentence is aboutThe crazy boy screamed loudly.

Parts of Speech•Verb – a word that expresses action or a state of beingknow, walk, see, be, are

•Predicate – verb or verbs that express the essential thought about the subject of the sentence.The crazy boy screamed loudly.

DiagrammingStart by drawing a horizontal and vertical line:

Simple subject Simple predicate

DiagrammingThe boy walked.

A mean dog barked loudly.

boy walked

dog barked

Diagramming

Imperative Sentences – sentence that gives a command; the subject is understood “you”

Clean your room now!

(you) clean

Diagramming

Questions – turn the sentence around to make it a declarative sentence.

Are you going to the party?

You are going to the party.

you are going

Diagramming

Diagram the following sentences:

1. A loud bird chirped.

2. The family traveled to Florida.

3. Answer the phone.

4. A horse galloped quickly.

5. Did you see that movie yet?

Parts of Speech•Adjective – modifies, or describes, a noun or pronoun by providing more information or giving a specific detail. It tells what kind, how many, which one.funny, red, five, this, lazy

•Article – the adjectives a, an, the.

DiagrammingPlace adjectives, including articles, on a slanted line beneath the word they modify.

Simple subject Simple predicate

Adjective

DiagrammingThe boy walked.

A mean dog barked.

boy walked

dog barked

The

A

mean

Diagramming

Diagram the following sentences:

1. A loud bird chirped.

2. The big family traveled.

3. Crazy boys ran.

4. A large horse galloped.

5. The happy friends laughed.

Parts of Speech•Adverb – modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. They tell how, where, when, or to what extent. They often end in –ly.•slowly, quickly, joyfully•yesterday, today, tomorrow, never•very, incredibly, quite•here, there

DiagrammingAn adverb that modifies a verb:

subject verbadverb

DiagrammingThe boy walked slowly.

boy walkedslowly

The

DiagrammingAn adverb that modifies an adjective:

subject verb

adverb

adjective

DiagrammingA very wild horse galloped quickly.

horse galloped

A wildvery

quickly

DiagrammingAn adverb that modifies an adverb:

subject verbadverbadverb

DiagrammingThe boy walked very slowly.

boy walkedslowly

The very

Diagramming

Diagram the following sentences:

1. A very loud bird chirped nicely .

2. The quite big family traveled.

3. The very crazy boys ran quickly.

4. Today, a large horse galloped.

5. The happy friends laughed very loudly.

Pronouns

pronoun – word that takes the place of one or more nouns and the words that describe those nouns.

Pronounssubject pronoun – takes the place

of the subject of a sentence

Singular

I

you

he, she, it

Plural

we

you

they

Pronounssubject pronoun – takes the place of the subject of a sentence

Diagram the same as a subject:She ate quickly.

she ate

quickly

Possessive Pronouns

possessive pronouns – shows who or what has something

Singular – my, your, his, her, its

Plural – our, your, their

Possessive PronounsDiagrammed the same as

adjectives

My sister arrived today.

sister

My

arrived

today

Parts of Speech•Transitive verb – verb that is followed by a noun that answers the question what? or who?

•Intransitive verb - verb that is not followed by a noun that answers the question what? or who?

Parts of Speech•He ate the cake. ate what? – cakeTransitive•The boys played yesterday.played what? – no answerIntransitive•Mary hugged her friend.hugged who? – friendTransitive

Parts of SpeechWrite each verb and T or I.1. The boys played baseball.2. We studied a lot yesterday.3. The bird sang a song.4. Today, Mary hugged Jane.5. The nice teacher spoke quietly.

Parts of Speech•Direct object – noun that answers the question who? or what? after transitive verb.

Bob ate a pizza.The dog stole the bone.The pilot landed the plane.Brady hit the girl.

DiagrammingDiagramming a direct object:

subject transitive verb direct object

DiagrammingBobby ate pizza.

Bobby ate pizza

DiagrammingThe young girl ate a very large pizza today.

girl ate pizzayoung

Thelarge

today very

a

Types of SentencesThere are four types of sentences:•Declarative – makes a statement.The boys walked slowly.•Interrogative – asks a questionAre you going to the party?•Imperative – gives a command or makes a requestClean your room this afternoon.•Exclamatory – expresses strong emotionThat dinner was excellent!

Diagramming Imperative Sentences

In an imperative sentence, the subject is always understood you. The you is placed in parentheses.

Clean the room.

(you) Clean roomthe

Diagramming SentencesDiagram the following sentences.1. Yesterday, the young girls wrote

a quite funny song.2. Do this math homework

immediately.3. The new principal gave a very

long speech.4. The quite old lady spoke softly.5. Bake a delicious chocolate cake

today.

Indirect Object

Indirect object – answers to whom? or for whom? the verb’s action is done•only in sentences with a direct object•always comes before the direct object

Indirect Object

Shana gave her brother a gift.gave what? gift – DOto whom? brother – IO

The man gave Mary a rose.gave what? rose– DOto whom? Mary – IO

Indirect Object

Diagramming an indirect object:

subject predicate direct object

indirect object

Indirect Object

Diagramming an indirect object:

The teacher gave the students a test.

teacher gave test

students

the

the

Indirect Object1. The boy gave the hungry dog a

bone. 2. The woman baked the family a

chocolate cake.3. The father gave the boy a long

lecture. 4. A friend gave the girl a hug.

Prepositions• Preposition - word that

relates a noun or a pronoun to another word in a sentence.

Common Prepositionsabout

above

across

after

against

along

among

around

at

before

behind

below

beneath

beside

between

beyond

by

down

during

for

from

in

inside

into

Common Prepositionslike

near

of

off

on

onto

out

outside

over

since

through

throughout

to

toward

under

until

up

upon

with

within

without

Prepositional Phrase• prepositional phrase -

group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition.

Prepositional PhraseThe shoe was under the bed.

We walked through the woods.

The car sped around the corner.

The book is on the table.

Diagramming Prepositional Phrases

•Connects to the noun or verb that it modifies.

•Preposition goes on a slanted line

•Object of the preposition goes on the horizontal line

preposition object of the preposition

subject predicate

Diagramming Prepositional Phrases

The man across the street screamed at the boys.

man screamed

Theacross street

the

atboys

the

Diagramming Prepositional Phrases

Diagram the following sentences:

1.The big boys in the crowded hall ran very quickly.

2.After the crazy party, the tired kids slept soundly.

3.The young man in the red car sped down the quiet road.

Pronounsobject pronoun – takes the place of

an object in a sentence

Singular

me

you

him, her, it

Plural

us

you

them

PronounsDiagrammed the same as

subjects and other objects

He screamed at her.

He screamed

ather