partial-differences method a way to subtract in which differences are computed separately for each...

partial-differences

method

A way to subtract in which differences are computed

separately for each place (ones, tens, hundreds, and so on). The

partial differences are then added to give the final answer.

932

-3561. Subtract 100’s: 900-300 6002. Subtract 10’s: 30-50 -203. Subtract 1’s: 2-4 -44. Add the partial differences 576

(600-20-4, done mentally)

partial-sums

algorithm

An addition procedure in with sums are computed for each lace separately and then added to find

the sum.

2 6 8+ 4 8 3 6 0 0

1 4 0 1 1+

7 5 1

1. Add 100’s2. Add 10’s3. Add 1’sAdd partial sum

pattern

A model or plan in which objects or numbers can be

arranged so that what comes next can be

predicted.

?

2, 4, 6, ?

100, 90, 80, ?

?

5,10,15,20,?

Pattern-Block

Template

A plastic sheet with geometric shapes cut out.

pentagon

A 5-sided polygon.

per

In each or for each.

Five chairsper row

per-unit rate

A rate that tells the quantity of items with a given unit for each

item of a different unit.

Two dollars per gallon12 miles per hour4 words per minute

percent (%)

Per hundred, or out of a

hundred.

1 100

or 0.01

1 one-hundredth

100%=

15%= 15 100

or 0.15

perfect number

A number in which the sum of all its proper factors is

equal to the number itself.

6 is a perfect number because when you add its proper factors the answer is equal to 6: 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.

perimeter

The distance around a two-

dimensional closed plane figure or

region.

2cm

3cm

1cm

3cm

2+3+1+3=9cm1+1+1+1=4

perpendicular line

segments

Two rays, lines segments that form

right angles are said to be

perpendicular to each other.

pi

The ration of the circumference of a

circle to its diameter.

= C / D

pictograph

A graph made with pictures or symbols.

pie graph

A graph that uses a circle divided into parts to show the parts of a set of data. The circle represents the whole

set of data.

pint

Standard measurement used

to measure capacity equal to 2

cups.

=

place value

The worth of each digit in a number,

with is determined by its

position.

745,309,281

plane

A flat surface that extends

forever.

point

An exact location in

space.

Points are usually labeled with capital letters.

K L

R

W

point symmetry

The property of a figure that can be rotated 180 about a point in such a way that the resulting figure exactly matches

the original figured.

o

polygon

A closed plane figure formed by

three or more line segments that meet

only at their end points.

polyhedron

A closed 3-dimensional shape,

all of whose surfaces (faces)

are flat.

polyhedra dice

A three-dimensional solid

with varying numbers of faces.

poster

A page showing a collection of numerical data used in number stories.

positive rational numbers

Numbers great than 0 that can be written as

a fraction or a termination or

repeating decimal.

pound (lb)

Standard unit of weight.

one pound

power

A product of factors that are all

the same.

5 x 5 x 5 (or 125) is called 5 to the third power, or the third power of 5, because 5 is a factor three times. 5 x 5 x 5 can also be written as 5. 3

powers of ten

Written exponential notation, the

exponent shows how many times 10 is a

factor.

100 is equal to 10 x 10 or 10

(exponential notation). 100 is called ten squared, the second power of 10,

or 10 to the second power.

2

probability

A number from 0 to 1 that shows the

likelihood that an event will happen.

The teacher puts 7 blue squares and 2 red squares in the box.

If you pull a square out of the box. What will probably be the color?Can you pull out a purple square?

probability

A number from 0 to 1 that indicated the

likelihood that something (an event)

will happen.

product

The result of doing

multiplication.

X 31 5

5 multiplicand

multiplier

product

prime factorization

A number expressed as a

product of prime factors.

The prime factorization

of 24 is 2 * 2 * 2 * 3

or 2 * 3

3

prime number

A whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two

whole-number factors, 1 and itself. A prime number is only divisible by 1 and

itself.

prism

A polyhedron with two parallel flat

faces (bases) with the same size and

shape.

product

The result of doing

multiplication.

proper factor

All the factors of a number except the

number itself.

The factors for the number 10 are 1, 2, 5 and 10. The proper factors are 1, 2, and 5.

property

A feature of an object.

size

color

shape

number of parts

attributes

protractor

A device for measuring or

drawing angles.

pyramid

A polyhedron (3-dimensional shape)

in which one face (base) is a polygon and

the other faces are triangles with a

common vertex (apex).

Pythagorean Theorem

The following famous theorem: If the legs of a right triangle have the lengths a and b, and the hypotenuse

has length c, then a + b =c

2 2 2

quadrangle

A 4-sided polygon.

quadrilateral

A 4-sided polygon.

quadruple

Four times an amount.

quadrillion

A digit(s) followed by 15 whole-number

places.

Quadrillion written in number form is

1,000,000,000,000,000 or in exponential form

1015

quintillion

A digit(s) followed by 18 whole number

places.

Quintillion written in number form is

1,000,000,000,000,000,000 or in exponential form

1018

quotient

The result after dividing one

number by another number; the

number of equal shares.

radius

A line segment from the center of a circle

(or shape) to any point on the circle (or

shape); also, the length of such a line

segment.

random sampling

Taking a sampling from the population in a

manner that allows all members the same

chance of being included.

range

The difference between the greatest and least numbers in

a set of data.

range450-75375

10143

rate

A comparison of two quantities with

unlike units.

A speed such as 55 miles per hour

compares distance with time.

ratio

A comparison of two quantities with like units. Ratios can be expressed with fractions, decimals,

percent, or words; or written with a colon

between the two numbers being compared.

ray

A straight path that extends

infinitely from a point called its

endpoint.

real number

Any rational or irrational number.

reciprocal

Multiplicative inverses.

rational number

Any number that can be represented in

form , where a and b are integers and b

is not 0.

ab

rectangle

A parallelogram whose angles are all right

angles.

rectangular

method

A method for finding area, in which rectangles are

used to surround a figure or parts of a figure. All the area is calculated in either

area of rectangles or of triangular halves of rectangular regions.

rectangular prism

A prism whose bases

are rectangles.

rectangular

pyramid

A pyramid whose base is a rectangle.

reference frame

A system of numbers, letter, or words to

show quantities with reference to a zero

point.

number linestime lines calendarsthermometers mapscoordinate systems

reflection

"Flipping" a picture or object so that its

image is the mirror opposite of the

original (preimage).

reflex angle

angle whose measure is

between 180° and 360°.

reflection symbol

A symbol used to express the

association between two quantities.

= for equal to= for is not equal to< for less than> for greater than< for is less than or equal to> for greater than or equal to

regular polygon

A convex polygon in which all the sides are the same length and all

the angles have the same measure.

regular polygon

A polygon whose sides are all the

same.

regular polyhedr

on

A polyhedron with all faces the same shape and same size. There

are five regular polyhedrons.

regular polyhedro

n

A polyhedron whose faces are all congruent regular polygons and

with the same number of faces meeting at

every vertex.

relation symbol

A symbol used to express a

relationship between two quantities.

><=

remainder

The amount left over when things are divided into equal shares.

remainder

repeating decimal

Decimals that continue a

pattern without end.

.333… 1 3

= .30

rhombus

A parallelogram with sides that are all the same

length.

right angle

A square corner; a 90 angle.

o

90

o

right triangle

A triangle that has a

right angle.

rotation

A turn around a center point or

axis.

rote counting

Reciting numbers in order from memory.

rotation symmetry

Property of a figure that can be rotated around a point in such a way that the resulting figure exactly matches the original figure. The rotation must be

more than 0 degrees, but less than 360 degrees.

round

To express a number in a

simplified way.

about 20 units

about 2 lb

about 10C

rounding

Replacing a number with a nearby number that is easier to work with or

better reflects the precision of the date.

about 20 units

about 2 lb

about 10C

round

Circle shape.

row

A horizontal arrangement of

objects or numbers in an array or

table.

rule table

A table for displaying the

input output and the role for a

function.

in out 2 5 4 7 ? 9 12 ?100 103

sample

A subset of a population used to

represent the whole population.

scale

The ratio of the distance on a map, globe, or drawing

to the actual distance.

scale drawing

An accurate picture of an

object in which all parts are drawn to

the same scale.

scale factor

A number that names "how many times as

many?" or "what fraction of?" one

quantity is of another quantity.

scalene triangle

A triangle in which no sides are the same

length.

scientific notation

A system for representing numbers in which a number is written as the product of

a power of 10 and a number that is at least 1

but less than 10. Scientific notation allows writing big

and small numbers with only a few symbols.

4,000,000 in scientific notation

is 4 x 100.00001 in scientific notation

is 1 x 10

6

-6

scroll

A roll of paper with words and/or pictures

written on it.

set

A collection or group of objects, numbers or other

items.

( 23, 44, 56, 88 )

sector

A region bound by an arc and two radii of a circle.

semicircle

Half of a circle; either of two parts of a circle

between (and including) the endpoints of a

diameter.

Sieve of Eratosthene

s

A method credited to the mathematician

Eratosthenes (about 200 B.C.) for identifying

prime numbers.

significant figure

In a count or measurement, digits

that reflect the precision of the

result.

similar figures

Figures that have the same shape but are not necessarily the

same size.

simplest form

A fraction in which the numerator and the

dominator have no common factor except 1 and the

numerator is less than the denominator.

simplify an

expression

To rewrite the expression by

removing parentheses and combining like

terms.

7y + 4 +5 + 3y10y + 9

3(2y + 5) – y5y + 15

skip counting

Counting by a specified added amount from a

specified starting number.

side

Any line segment that makes up a

polygon.

slate

Lap board used to

write on.

2+2 4

speed

A rate that compares distance traveled with the

time taken to travel that distance.

sphere

A 3-dimensional shape whose

curved surface is a given distance from

its center point.

sphere

The set of all points in space that are a given distance (the radius of

the sphere) from a given point (center of the

sphere).