p2 pie supply, demand, product market and consumers

SUPPLY, DEMAND, PRODUCT MARKET AND CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR THEORY

2.1 The Demand Function and Curve2.2 The Demand Curves Shift2.3 The Supply Function and Curve2.4 The Supply Curve Shift2.5 Market Equilibrium2.6 Consumer Behavior Theory

Marginal Utility, Indifference Curve, PCC, ICC, Substitution Effect and Income Effect

2.7 Relation Between Demand and Consumer Behavior

THE DEMAND FUNCTION AND CURVE

• The demand FunctionQdx = f (Px, I, Py, T, N, …)

Qdx = f (Px) → ceteris paribus

where: Qdx = Quantity demand of xPx = Price of xI = Average IncomePy = Price of y as a related goodsT = Preference (taste)N = Size of the market… = Special influence

• Hukum Permintaan ( The Law of Demand )Semakin rendah harga barang/jasa, maka jumlah permintaan terhadap barang/jasa tersebut semakin meningkat.

Skedul dan Kurva Permintaan

Permintaan Pasar Ditentukan oleh Jumlah Permintaan Individual

Pergerakan Sepanjang Kurva Permintaan karena Perubahan Harga Barang

Pergeseran Kurva Permintaan karena Perubahan Pendapatan atau Harga Barang Lain

Pergeseran Kurva Pemintaan ke Kiri atau ke Kanan

Variabel Kurva Permintaan Bergeser ke kiri bila

Kurva Permintaan Bergeser ke kanan bila

Pendapatan (I)

• Barang Normal

• Barang Inferior

Selera (T)

Harga Barang Lain (Py)

• Barang substitusi (Ps)

• Barang komplementer (Pk)

Jumlah Pelanggan (N)

I turun

I naik

T turun

Ps turun

Pk naik

N turun

I naik

I turun

T naik

Ps naik

Pk turun

N naik

The Supply Function and Curve

• The Supply FunctionQds = f (Px, Pi, Tg, G, Pr, …)

Qds = f (Px) → ceteris paribus

Where: Qds = supply quantity of xPx = price of xPi = price of inputTg = TechnologyG = Government Policy (Tx & S)Pr = Price of related goods… = special influence

• The Law of Supply : …

Pergeseran Kurva Penawaranke Kiri atau ke Kanan

Variabel Kurva Penawaran Geser ke kiri bila

Kurva Penawaran Geser ke kanan bila

Kebijakan Pemerintah

• Pajak (Tx)

• Subsidi pd produsen

(S)

Harga input/ biaya (Pi)

Harga Barang Lain (Py)

• Barang substitusi (Ps)

• Barang komplementer (Pk)

Tingkat Teknologi (Tg)

Tx naik

S turun

Pi naik

Ps turun

Pk naik

Tg turun

Tx turun

S naik

Pi turun

Ps naik

Pk turun

Tg naik

The Effect on Price and Quantity of Different Demand and Supply Shifts

Demand and Supply Shift Effect on Price and Quantity

If demand rises …

If demands falls …

If supply rises …

If supply falls …

The demand curves shifts to the right, and …

The demand curves shifts to the left, and …

The supply curves shifts to the right, and …

The supply curves shifts to the left, and …

Price ↑Quantity ↑Price ↓Quantity ↓

Price ↓Quantity ↑Price ↑Quantity ↓

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR THEORIES

• Menjelaskan prilaku konsumen dalam mengalokasikan sumber daya ekonominya, dengan tujuan mencapai kepuasan maksimum

• Cardinal and Ordinal Theory

• Asumsi-asumsi:- makin banyak konsumsi terhadap barang, makin bermanfaat- Ukuran manfaat adalah Utility- The Law of Diminishing Utility (Gossen Law)- minimal ada dua sikap tentang preferensi, lebih suka (prefer) atau sama-sama disukai (indifference) - Perfect knowledge

Cardinal Theory

Ordinal Theory

Cardinal Theory