p2 pie supply, demand, product market and consumers
TRANSCRIPT
SUPPLY, DEMAND, PRODUCT MARKET AND CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR THEORY
2.1 The Demand Function and Curve2.2 The Demand Curves Shift2.3 The Supply Function and Curve2.4 The Supply Curve Shift2.5 Market Equilibrium2.6 Consumer Behavior Theory
Marginal Utility, Indifference Curve, PCC, ICC, Substitution Effect and Income Effect
2.7 Relation Between Demand and Consumer Behavior
THE DEMAND FUNCTION AND CURVE
• The demand FunctionQdx = f (Px, I, Py, T, N, …)
Qdx = f (Px) → ceteris paribus
where: Qdx = Quantity demand of xPx = Price of xI = Average IncomePy = Price of y as a related goodsT = Preference (taste)N = Size of the market… = Special influence
• Hukum Permintaan ( The Law of Demand )Semakin rendah harga barang/jasa, maka jumlah permintaan terhadap barang/jasa tersebut semakin meningkat.
Skedul dan Kurva Permintaan
Permintaan Pasar Ditentukan oleh Jumlah Permintaan Individual
Pergerakan Sepanjang Kurva Permintaan karena Perubahan Harga Barang
Pergeseran Kurva Permintaan karena Perubahan Pendapatan atau Harga Barang Lain
Pergeseran Kurva Pemintaan ke Kiri atau ke Kanan
Variabel Kurva Permintaan Bergeser ke kiri bila
Kurva Permintaan Bergeser ke kanan bila
Pendapatan (I)
• Barang Normal
• Barang Inferior
Selera (T)
Harga Barang Lain (Py)
• Barang substitusi (Ps)
• Barang komplementer (Pk)
Jumlah Pelanggan (N)
I turun
I naik
T turun
Ps turun
Pk naik
N turun
I naik
I turun
T naik
Ps naik
Pk turun
N naik
The Supply Function and Curve
• The Supply FunctionQds = f (Px, Pi, Tg, G, Pr, …)
Qds = f (Px) → ceteris paribus
Where: Qds = supply quantity of xPx = price of xPi = price of inputTg = TechnologyG = Government Policy (Tx & S)Pr = Price of related goods… = special influence
• The Law of Supply : …
Pergeseran Kurva Penawaranke Kiri atau ke Kanan
Variabel Kurva Penawaran Geser ke kiri bila
Kurva Penawaran Geser ke kanan bila
Kebijakan Pemerintah
• Pajak (Tx)
• Subsidi pd produsen
(S)
Harga input/ biaya (Pi)
Harga Barang Lain (Py)
• Barang substitusi (Ps)
• Barang komplementer (Pk)
Tingkat Teknologi (Tg)
Tx naik
S turun
Pi naik
Ps turun
Pk naik
Tg turun
Tx turun
S naik
Pi turun
Ps naik
Pk turun
Tg naik
The Effect on Price and Quantity of Different Demand and Supply Shifts
Demand and Supply Shift Effect on Price and Quantity
If demand rises …
If demands falls …
If supply rises …
If supply falls …
The demand curves shifts to the right, and …
The demand curves shifts to the left, and …
The supply curves shifts to the right, and …
The supply curves shifts to the left, and …
Price ↑Quantity ↑Price ↓Quantity ↓
Price ↓Quantity ↑Price ↑Quantity ↓
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR THEORIES
• Menjelaskan prilaku konsumen dalam mengalokasikan sumber daya ekonominya, dengan tujuan mencapai kepuasan maksimum
• Cardinal and Ordinal Theory
• Asumsi-asumsi:- makin banyak konsumsi terhadap barang, makin bermanfaat- Ukuran manfaat adalah Utility- The Law of Diminishing Utility (Gossen Law)- minimal ada dua sikap tentang preferensi, lebih suka (prefer) atau sama-sama disukai (indifference) - Perfect knowledge
Cardinal Theory
Ordinal Theory
Cardinal Theory
