oral communication
Post on 06-May-2015
159 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
ORAL COMMUNICATION
Prof. PK Tulsi
Structure of the Presentation
ImportanceConcept of communicationPrinciples of effective speakingPrinciples of effective listening
‘You can have brilliant ideas, but if you can't get them across, your ideas won't get you anywhere’ Lee Iacocca
You cannot not communicateOR
You always communicate
When the mind is thinking, it is talking to itself" Plato
• Intra personal communication
• Inter-personal Communication
• A personal communication
Communication Situations
• One to one• Small groups• Large groups• Known• Friends• Unknown/Strangers• Pleasant • Unpleasant• Superiors• Subordinates• Colleagues
Communication and Individual
Dennis Rivers(2004)• More coordinated life activities with the life
activities of people important to you• More respect• More influence• More comfortable with conflict• More peace of mind• More satisfying closeness with others• A healthier life
Time Spent on Communication –80%
Hello, Hello---- Hello, Hello----
Communication Skills
• Speaking
• Listening
• Reading
• Writing
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
45%
30%
16%
9%
TIME SPENT ON
Oral Communication Skills
Speaking
Listening
• Who is a mother?
Communication: Concept
Responses: Mother
• Loving• Affectionate• First teacher• Caring• Understand the
child without his saying anything
• Nurturing-----------
• Person who gives birth to a child
Based on Experience Standard Meaning
Communication: Concept
Sharing of meanings
–Denotative (Standard /Dictionary meaning)
–Connotative (based upon Experience)
“Words have no meaning –
people have meaning”Larry Baker
‘People speak with the vocal organs but communicate with
the whole body’ (Abercrombie, 1968)
Effectiveness of Oral Communication: Speaking
IMPACT OFVerbal content 7%
Tone of the voice 38%
Non verbal behaviour 55%
"Even when you choose your words well, if your tone of voice is hurried, hostile, or defensive, people may hear something very different from what you intended " (Dr Rick Brinkman and
Dr Rick Kirschner,
Dealing with Difficult People )
Principles of Effective Speaking
Principles of Effective Speaking
Know thy subject
Know the objectives
Know your audience
AgeInterestLearning stylesPrevious attainments Social context etc
Principles of Effective Speaking
Organize the messageTopical organization, chronological
organization, Journalistic organization, concept maps
Simple to complex, easy to difficult, known to unknown, concrete to abstract, observation to reasoning
Keep it simple and short Use simple language Grammatically correctTechnically correct
Principles of Effective Speaking: Message
Non Verbal Communication
• Kinesics (facial expression, gestures, body postures, eye contact)
• Paralanguage (tone, volume, pitch, rhythm, articulation, pronunciation)
• Artifacts (clothing, jewellery, cosmetics, tattoos, piercing, hairstyle)
• Chronemics (time)• Proxemics (space)
Principles of Effective Speaking
Maintain eye contact with students
Principles of Effective Speaking
Face is the index of mindEmotions expressed through facial expression
Principles of Effective Speaking
Use appropriate gestures
Pay attention to your posture
Principles of Effective Speaking
Contd
Be audibleCheck your articulation and
pronunciation Check your rate delivery Vary your pitchUse conversational mode Use pause
Principles of Effective Speaking
Dress formally
Avoid verbal virus/filler words– Ok, You see, You know, Look Actually,
Yes, Right
Use silence-"Silence is one great art of conversation" William Hazlitt
I AM NOT OK I AM OK
YOU ARE OK YOU ARE OK
GET AWAY FROM GET ON WITH
I AM NOT OK I AM OK
YOU ARE NOT OK YOU ARE NOT OK
GET NO WHERE GET RID OF
Not OK Perception about oneself OK
No
t O
K P
erc
epti
on
ab
ou
t o
the
rs O
K
Operate from I am OK, You are OK life position
Be friendlyFree yourself from biases and prejudices
Provide time for assimilation
Obtain and provide feedback• Task related• Accurate• Specific• Corrective• Immediate
Principles of Effective Speaking
Improving One’s Speaking Skills
• Record your voice
• Obtain feedback
• Be open to feedback
• Analyze your strengths and weaknesses
• Try to eliminate your weaknesses
• Practice-Practice-Practice
Improving One’s Speaking Skills
• Choose a role model
• Listen him/her
• Imitate the role model
• Practice-Practice-Practice
Principles of Effective Listening
"Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak Courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen" Winston Churchill
Nature has given us two ears, two eyes, but one tongue-to the end that we should hear and see more than we speak
Socrates
‘Listening has been variously called the neglected art or
forgotten skill in Communication’
(Adair,1997)
The higher the quality of listening
the less power externals will be allowed to disrupt communication’ (Adair; 1997)
Purposes of ListeningShow concern and respect for the
speakerMotivates the speaker to speak or
continueGives a signal to the speaker that you are
with himBuilds relationLeads to learning
Listening
• Hearing with understanding
SIGNAL ATTENDING INTERPRETING EVALUATING RESONDING REMEMBERING FIG 2.1: PROCESS OF LISTENING
LISTENING PROCESS
Obstacles to Listening
• Prejudging the communication/
calling the subject uninteresting
• Criticizing the speaker’s delivery/ language
• Listening only for facts
• Getting over stimulated
• Trying to take copious notes
• Faking attention
Contd• Tolerating or creating distractions
• Avoiding technical and difficult
material (Filtering out messages)
• Letting emotionally laden words
detract
• Wasting the differential between
speech speed and thought speed
• Rehearsing a response (Mental rehearsal)
Principles of Effective Listening
Stop talkingMaintain eye contact with the speakerPay attention to what is being saidConcentrate/Focus on what is being saidKeep an open mind Listen without biases and prejudicesListen for both content and emotions
behind it
Listen for the big picture not for specifics
Indulge in empathetic listeningMake use of differential in thought
speed and speech speedRelate with what you already know
Principles of Effective Listening
Contd
Ask questionsAnalyze and evaluate Take notes in your own words
Principles of Effective Listening
Do not prejudge the communicationDo not criticize the speaker’s
delivery/language Do not filter the messageDo not take copious notesDo not interrupt the speakerDo not tolerate distractionsDo not rehearse a response
top related