open educational practices: serving social justice & transforming pedagogy

Open Educational Practices

Serving Social Justice & Transforming Pedagogy

University   Teaching  Fellow  &  Psychology  Instructor,  Kwantlen  Polytechnic  UniversitySenior  Open  Education  Advocacy  &  Research  Fellow,  BCcampus

Faculty  Workshop  Facilitator,  Open  Textbook  Network

Rajiv  Jhangiani,  Ph.D.

@thatpsychprof

“higher education shall be equally accessible to all”

2.4 millionlow & moderate-income college-qualified

high school graduates could not complete college(2001-10)

The Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529499.pdf

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

US  Higher  Education  Funding  -­‐ $/FTE

State Funding Tuition Revenue

http://www.sheeo.org

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Hours  @

 Minimum

 Wage

Hours  of  Work  Required  to  Afford  Tuition(University  of  Minnesota)

1

Access codes• Eliminate no-cost

alternatives• Eliminate low-cost

alternatives• Create a direct link

between the ability to pay and ability to get good grades

What  can  YOU  do?

• Survey  your  student  body• #textbookbroke campaign• Presentations  • Utilize  visuals,  create  displays• Speak  directly  to  faculty  &  admin• Suggest  that  faculty  review  a  textbook• Showcase  examples• Form  a  student-­led  OER  group• Connect.  Collaborate.

#TextbookBroke

#TextbookBroke

Buy used (if possible)Buy onlineResell (if possible)RentShared purchase(Inter)library loansPhotocopyInternational editionOld edition

– University of Minnesota student

“I figured French hadn't changed that much”

66.5% Not  purchase  the  required  textbook

47.6% Take  fewer  courses

45.5% Not  register  for  a  specific  course

37.6% Earn  a  poor  grade

26.1% Drop  a  course

19.8% Fail  a  course

����������������������

Florida  Virtual  Campus.  (2016).  2016  student  textbook  and  course  materials  survey.  Tallahassee,  FL:  Author.

Revise Remix

Retain Redistribute

Reuse

Source:  David  Wiley,    http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221March  5,  2014,  CC-­‐BY

open =  free  +  permissions

Source:  Creative  Commons,  2015  State  of  the  Commons  report

rijksmuseum.nl

ted.comed.ted.com

rpsychologist.com

gutenberg.org

Not just free or low-cost textbooks

Not just digital textbooks

openstax.org

open.bccampus.ca

nobaproject.com

Source:  Creative  Commons,  2015  State  of  the  Commons  report

open.umn.edu

"Opening  the  Curriculum:  Open  Education  Resources  in  U.S.  Higher  Education,  2014"by I.  Elaine  Allen  &  Jeff  Seaman,  Babson  Survey  Research  Group is  licensed  under CC  BY  4.0

80% 75%

Below  average3%

Average20%

Above  average34%

Excellent43%

HOW  WOULD  YOU  RATE  THE  QUALITY  OF  YOUR  OPEN  TEXTBOOK?

Strongly  agree6%

Slightly  agree12%

Neither17%

Slightly  disagree15%

Strongly  disagree50%

WOULD  YOU  HAVE  PREFERRED  A  TRADITIONAL  TEXTBOOK?

Jhangiani  &  Jhangiani   (2017)

HOW  IMPORTANT  TO  YOU  ARE  THE  FOLLOWING  FEATURES  OF  YOUR  OPEN  TEXTBOOK?

12.6

6.7

9.6

7.8

2.9

1

13.6

22.1

15.4

4.9

1

1.9

31.1

20.2

21.2

16.5

10.6

9.6

21.4

26

21.2

32

36.5

26.9

21.4

25

32.7

38.8

49

60.6

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Shareability

Permanent  retention

Option  to  print

Convenience/portability

Immediate  access

Cost  savings

Not  important  at  all Of  little   importance Of  average  importance

Very  important Absolutely  essential Jhangiani  &  Jhangiani   (in  press)

I  would  not  have  bought  the  text  book  for  this  course  because  it's  an  elective.  I  would  have  possibly  walked  away  with  a  C,  now  I  might  actually  get  an  A-­‐

It  is  easily  accessible   and  convenient.  Material   is  easy  to  understand   and  follow

I  personally   really  like  the  convenience   of  having  the  complete  set  of  chapters  on  my  computer  and  even  accessible   from  my  phone  if  I  need  it.  I  like  that  I  don't  have  to  lug  around  another   text  book

It's  free  and  it's  a  great  money  saver

13 Peer  Reviewed  Studies  of  Efficacy

http://openedgroup.org/  

119,720 Students

http://openedgroup.org/  

95%  Same  or  BetterOutcomes

http://openedgroup.org/  

openedgroup.org/review

Fischer  et  al.  (2015)

• Quasi-­‐experimental  design• Propensity-­‐score  matched  groups• 16,727  students  taking  15  courses  at  10  institutions• OER  students:• Lower  withdrawal  rates• More  likely  to  pass  with  a  C-­‐ or  better• Higher  course  grades• Enrolled  in  more  courses  (current  &  subsequent  semesters)

Fischer,  L.,  Hilton,  J.,  Robinson  T.  J.,  &  Wiley,  D.  (2015).  A  multi-­‐institutional   study  of  the  impact  of  open  textbook  adoption  on  the   learning  outcomes  of  post-­‐secondary   students.  Journal  of  Computing  in  Higher  Education,  27(3),  159-­‐172. doi:10.1007/s12528-­‐015-­‐9101-­‐x

Jhangiani  et  al.  (under  review)

Jhangiani,  R.,  Dastur,  F.,  LeGrand,  R.,  &  Penner,  K.  (under  review).  Introductory  psychology  textbooks:  The  roles  of  online  vs.  print  and  open  vs.  traditional   textbooks.

0102030405060708090100

Exam  1 Exam  2 Exam  3

Percen

t  Correct

Traditional

Open  Print

Open  Digital

p <  0.05 ns ns

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing  with  C  or  Better

Student  Success  per  Dollar

0 100%

$400

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing  with  C  or  Better

Commercial

Student  Success  per  Dollar

0 100%

$400

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing  with  C  or  Better

Commercial

OER

Student  Success  per  Dollar

0 100%

$400

Commercial  vs.  OER

Hilton  et  al.  (2016)

Cost  savings

Access

Outcomes

Adapt,  update,  &  remix

Enrolment

Persistence

Completion

"Recycling  Water  Bottles" byMr.TinDC is  licensed  under CC  BY-­‐ND  2.0

Open  Pedagogy:  HOW

Deeper  learning (Farzan &  Kraut,  2013)

Evaluate  and  defend  credibility  of  sources  (Marentette,   2014)

Write  more  concisely  and  think  more  critically  (Farzan &  Kraut,  2013)

Collaborate  with  students  from  around  the  world (Karney,  2012)

Provide  and  receive  constructive  feedback (Ibrahim,  2012)

Enhance  digital  literacy  (Silton,  2012)Communicate  ideas  to  a  general  audience  (APS,  2013)

22,000

37,000+

97%

Students  who  have  taken  on  Wikipedia  assignments  since  2010

New  articles  that  students  have  created

Instructors  who  say  they  will,  or  plan  to,  teach  with  Wikipedia  again

Why  have  students  answer  questions  when  they  can  write them?

StudentsTopicsQuestions

3510

1400

PM4ID

Free + Freedom

"GB  Airways  A320"by Tony  Evans is  licensed  under CC  BY-­‐ND  2.0

"IMG_1007"by Erica is  licensed  under CC  BY  2.0

@thatpsychprof

Rajiv@kpu.ca

slideshare.net/thatpsychprofWWW