one health and ecohealth: a framework for agriculture and health research and intervention

One Health and Ecohealth:A framework for agriculture and health

research and interventionHung Nguyen, Fred Unger, Jeff Gilbert, Delia Grace

ILRI@40 Livestock and healthy lives workshop

Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014

Complex health problems - need of new approaches

• Complex interaction of disease emergence and environmental factors

• Needs strong capacity to respond to current and future challenges of emerging infectious diseases and other health issues.

• One Health and Ecohealth approaches are more effective ways to tackle the complexity associated with emerging infectious diseases than employing a single disciplinary approach.

Ecohealth

Sick animals

Zoonoses

Ecohealth framework assumes human, livestock, wildlife, and environmental health are integrally related

6 principles (IDRC, 2012)

1. Systems Thinking2. Transdisciplinary Research3. Participation4. Sustainability5. Gender and Social Equity6. Knowledge to Action

http://www.cdc.gov/onehealth

The collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally and globally to attain optimal health for people, animal and our environment

(FAO, OIE, WHO, WB…)

One Health

“One Health” can be defined as the added value in terms of lives of animals and humans saved, financial savings and improved ecosystem services from a closer cooperation of human and animal health as compared to single sector approaches (Zinsstag et al., 2012)

From theoretical to operational definition:

Integrative approaches

5

Human healthHuman health

One Medicine

Societies, cultures, Economies, institutions, Policies

Agroecosystem health

AnimalHealth.livestock.wildlife

V P H.

EcoHealth

ONE HEALTH

IncentivesValuesPreferencesCultureIgnoranceGovernanceRule-breaking

Präsentationstitel 6

Comparative profitability of rabies control in N‘DjaménaZinsstag et al. (2009) PNAS 106(35):14996-5001

Human vaccination alone

Dog and human vaccination

Synoptic view of benefits and costs of animal brucellosis mass vaccination in Mongolia (Zinsstag, 2009)

Distribution of Benefits

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

Interventioncost

Publichealth

benef its

Privatehealth

benef its

Householdincome

loss

Total HealthBenef its

AgriculturalBenef its

TotalSocietalBenef its

Sector

US

$

8

Business case for One Health

• $25 billion invested would bring benefits worth $125 billion.

• Zoonotic diseases interventions: $3.7 for every $1.0 invested.

Estimated costs and benefits of One Health investments over a 10-year period with benefits and costs per year

Delia Grace (2014)

One Health and EcoHealth research at ILRI

Research– Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging

Infectious Diseases in Southeast Asia (EcoZD): Trans-disciplinary collaboration between institutions & teams

– Cost-benefit analysis of One Health– Food safety and One Health

Capacity development– Ecohealth resource centres: Chiang Mai University (CMU), Thailand and

University of Gadjah Mada (UGM), Indonesia, PHFI in India, CENPHER at HSPH

– Taskforce for food safety risk assessment

Influencing outcomes and policy

Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases in Southeast Asia

(EcoZD)

General objective: Increase the EcoHealth capacity in SE Asiatargeting the risks and impacts of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases (ZEIDs) and how feasible options can be best implemented

2008 – 2013

‘Learning by Doing’ of EH approach; also new for ILRI team

Regional: 6 countries

ILRI EcoZD – 6 country teams & case studies

Thailand/Vietnam: Model of Hygienic Small Scale Poultry Slaughter HouseVarious institutions, Livestock Services, MoH, Universities, PhD student

Cambodia: Zoonotic Causes of Acute Bloody Diarrhoea in rural Cambodia4 Institutes (Livestock/AH and Health)

Vietnam: Zoonoses priority ranking at Provinces in Southern Vietnam (Leptospirosis in pigs and humans), 3 Institutes (PH and livestock)

China (Yunnan): Prevention and Control of Brucellosis & Toxoplasmosis - 4 Institutions/Universities involved

Indonesia: Study on Rabies Control in Bali (dog ecology and behavior)4 Institutions/NGO & 1 Universities

Laos: Study of smallholder pig system in lowland and upland (zoonoses & production diseases), 3 institutions & 1 University

EcoHealth Resource center at Universitas Gadja Mada (since Jan 2011)

EcoHealth-OneHealth Resource center at Chiang Mai University

(since Oct 2010)

Eco Health / One Health Resource Centres

Capacity building (EH related courses)

Research (various case studies)

Communication/networking

Food safety risk assessment taskforce in Vietnam

Working group• Public Health• Veterinarian• Policy makers• CommunityMode of operation• Training• Case study• Policy influence

Taskforce of Risk Assessment for food safety: linking science to policy to increase food safety

Challenges of One Health/ Ecohealth

• Institutional challenges: acceptance, policy engagement

• Integration and transdisciplinarity • Capacity building: One Health workforce• Incentives: how to share credits, added

values of One Health• Sustainability

• INDOHUN

• THOHUN

• VOHUN

• MYOHUN

EcoEID

Emerging Pandemic Threats Program

PREDICT • RESPOND • PREVENT • IDENTIFY

EHRCs

GHI

Modified from Hung Nguyen (2013)

ACIAR

ComAcross

The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.

better lives through livestock

ilri.org

Special thanks to the former EcoZD team and its partners