official release of statistical tools an overview of common applications in social sciences

Official release of

STATISTICAL STATISTICAL TOOLSTOOLS

An Overview of Common Applications in Social Sciences

Manfred te GrotenhuisTheo van der Weegen

Presentation has three parts:

- Brief history of the project (the making of Statistical Tools)

- Overview of contents (what is inside the toolbox)

- How to use Statistical Tools (teacher’s point of view)

Brief history of the project

- In 1997 I started as a PhD student to teach statistics * <50% passed the exams * Emphasis on formulas, calculations (by hand) * The book ‘ Statistics’

- In 2002 I took over several courses in Statistics * Emphasis shifted to practical applications * >85% passed while course load increased

- In 2004 the first textbook was released about SPSS * Basic course in SPSS, 15,000 copies sold

- In 2007 the second textbook was released about SPSS * SPSS using Syntax, programming in SPSS (second edition in 2009)

Brief History (continued)

- In 2008 ‘Statistiek als hulpmiddel’ was released: a result of 10 years of teaching statistics to students in the Social Sciences

- Beginning of 2009, Prof. Hans Schmeets ask for a English version

- Problem I: convince publisher (Van Gorcum) * price of the book* number of sales per year* costs for translating the book

- Problem II: time table: book had to be ready end of September (which meant that we had to deliver a ready to print manuscript end of July)!

Brief history (continued)

Plan: 1) Translation of headers, figures, tables, index by authors 2) Let PhD student do a first translation Dutch English 3) Corrections made by authors4) Corrections by native speaker5) Send manuscript to a panel of reviewers 6) Revise.

Note that steps 2 to 6 were conducted per chapter to save time!

Start end of February, finished end of July (5 months)

STATISTICAL TOOLS: Contents

CHAPTER 1: STATISTICAL DATA

1.1 Introduction1.2 Four Levels of Measurement

(nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio)1.3 Selecting Units of Analysis: Random Sampling1.4 Collecting Statistical Data

(Survey, Experiment, Observation, Secondary Data)1.5 Data Quality

(Validity, Reliability, Representativity, Missing Data)1.6 From Collecting Data to Answering Research Questions

CHAPTER 2: Descriptive Statistics

2.1 Introduction2.2 Graphical Description of a Single Variable (Bar, Pie, Histogram)2.3 Numerical Description of a Single Variable2.3.1 Measures of Central Tendency (Mode, Median, Mean) 2.3.2 Measures of Variability (Range, IQR, Outliers, variance, Std. Deviation) 2.3.3 Measures of Relative Standing (Percentiles, Z-scores, Empirical Rule)2.4 Statistical Relations between Two Variables2.4.1 Graphical Description of a Bivariate Relation(Box Plot, Scatter Plot, Line Graph)2.5 Summary

CHAPTER 3: Inferential Statistics

3.1 Introduction to Statistical Inference (Central Limit Theorem, CI, Test Hypotheses)3.2 One-Sample tests3.2.1 Test for a mean3.2.2 Test for a proportion3.3 Tests for Comparing Two Means3.3.1 Paired Samples T-test (two dependent groups)3.3.2 Two-Sample T-test (two independent groups)3.3.3 Analysis of Variance (> 2 independent groups)

CHAPTER 3: Inferential Statistics (continued)

3.4 Measures of Association for Nominal/Ordinal Variables3.4.1 Associations in Contingency Tables

Percentages3.4.2 Measures of Association for Nominal Variables

Chi-Square Test and Cramér's V3.4.3 Measures of Association for Ordinal Variables

Kendall's Rank Correlation: Tau b and Tau c Spearman's Rank Correlation

3.5 Measures of Association for Interval/Ratio Variables3.5.1 Pearson's Correlation Coefficient3.5.2 Linear Regression Analysis3.5.3 Odds Ratio

CHAPTER 3: Inferential Statistics (continued)

3.6 Multivariate Analysis (>1 indep. variable, 1 dep. var) 3.6.1 Five Different Causal Multivariate Models

Mediation Spuriousness

Partial Mediation / Partial SpuriousnessSuppressionModeration / Interaction

3.6.2 Multiple Linear Regression AnalysisModeling Interval and Ratio Predictor VariablesModeling Ordinal and Nominal Predictor VariablesLinear Regression Analysis: Assumptions

3.7 Summary

IndexNotes

How the use the Toolbox? (from a teacher’s point of view)

The Book:- Text ,Tables, Figures

- Example mean.df

- Example standard deviation.pdf

- Example tough one pdf The examples in the book were chosen from a database of examples we collected and presented during the last ten years.

The Internet:- The exercises (example internet / examples on usb)

How the use the Toolbox? (from a teacher’s point of view)

We need 11 meetings to address everything in the book (4 on descriptive statistics / 7 on inferential statistics)

- In each meeting 60 minutes are related to the text, figures and tables, and 30 minutes to the exercises

Official release of

STATISTICAL STATISTICAL TOOLSTOOLS

The EndThe EndQUESTIONS and/or REMARKS?