ns4540 winter term 2015 country indices. country indices/rankings i there are a number of...
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NS4540 Winter Term 2015Country Indices
Country Indices/Rankings I
• There are a number of organizations that provide rankings of countries based on factors that organization feels are key to progress and sustained growth and development
• World Bank Governance Indices• Voice and Accountability
• Political Stability/Absence of Violence
• Government Effectiveness
• Regulatory Quality
• Rule of Law
• Control of Corruption
2
CA: Voice and Accountability
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 201320
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Voic
e an
d A
ccou
ntab
ility
(Per
cent
ile)
LegendCOSTA RICAEL SALVADORGUATEMALAHONDURASNICARAGUAPANAMA
3
CA: Political Stability
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 201310
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Polit
ical
Sta
bilit
y/A
bsen
ce o
f Vio
lenc
e (P
erce
ntile
)
LegendCOSTA RICAEL SALVADORGUATEMALAHONDURASNICARAGUAPANAMA
4
CA: Government Effectiveness
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 201310
20
30
40
50
60
70
Gov
ernm
ent E
ffect
iven
ess
(Per
cent
ile)
LegendCOSTA RICAEL SALVADORGUATEMALAHONDURASNICARAGUAPANAMA
5
CA: Regulatory Quality
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 201320
30
40
50
60
70
80
Regu
lato
ry Q
ualit
y (P
erce
ntile
)
LegendCOSTA RICAEL SALVADORGUATEMALAHONDURASNICARAGUAPANAMA
6
CA: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 201310
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Rule
of L
aw (P
erce
ntile
)
LegendCOSTA RICAEL SALVADORGUATEMALAHONDURASNICARAGUAPANAMA
7
CA: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 201310
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cont
rol o
f Cor
rupt
ion
(Per
cent
ile)
LegendCOSTA RICAEL SALVADORGUATEMALAHONDURASNICARAGUAPANAMA
8
Country Indices/Rankings II• Heritage Foundation, Index of Economic Freedom:• Rule of Law
• Property Rights
• Freedom from Corruption• Government Size
• Fiscal Freedom
• Government Spending• Regulatory Efficiency
• Business Freedom
• Labor Freedom
• Monetary Freedom• Open Markets
• Trade Freedom
• Investment Freedom
• Financial Freedom 9
CA: Economic Freedom
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 201450
55
60
65
70
75
80
Tota
l Eco
nom
ic F
reed
om (S
core
)
LegendCOSTA RICAEL SALVADORGUATEMALAHONDURASNICARAGUAPANAMA
10
CA: Trade Freedom
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 201455
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Trad
e Fr
eedo
m (S
core
)
LegendCOSTA RICAEL SALVADORGUATEMALAHONDURASNICARAGUAPANAMA
11
Country Indices/Rankings III
• Legatum Prosperity Index• Economy
• Entrepreneurship and Opportunity
• Governance
• Education
• Health
• Safety and Security
• Personal Freedom
• Social Capital
• http://prosperity.com/#!/
12
Country Indices/Rankings IV• World Economic Forum, Competitiveness Index
• Institutions
• Infrastructure
• Macroeconomic Environment
• Health and Primary Education
• Higher Education and training
• Goods Market Efficiency
• Labor Market Efficiency
• Financial Market Development
• Technological Readiness
• Market Size
• Business Sophistication
• Innovation 13
WEF Framework
14
WEF Country Groupings 2014/15
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
BRICs: Voice and Accountability
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 20110
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Vo
ice
and
Acc
ount
abili
ty (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth Africa
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2011
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
22
BRICs: Political Stability/Absence of Violence
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 20115
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Polit
ical
Sta
bilit
y/A
bsen
ce o
f Vio
lenc
e (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth AfricaSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically-motivated violence and terrorism.
23
BRICs: Government Effectiveness
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
30
40
50
60
70
80G
over
nmen
t Effe
ctiv
enes
s (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth AfricaSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies.
24
BRICs: Regulatory Quality
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201125
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Reg
ulat
ory
Qua
lity
(per
cent
ile)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth Africa
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2011
Reflects perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development.
25
BRICs: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201110
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65R
ule
of L
aw (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth AfricaSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.
26
BRICs: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201110
20
30
40
50
60
70
80C
ontr
ol o
f Cor
rupt
ion
(per
cent
ile)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth Africa
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.
27
MENA: Voice Accountability
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 20115
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
28
MENA: Political Stability, Absence of Violence
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201110
15
20
25
30
35
40
45Pe
rcen
tile
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
29
MENA: Government Efficiency
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70Pe
rcen
tile
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
30
MENA: Regulatory Quality
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70Pe
rcen
tile
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
31
MENA: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201125
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70Pe
rcen
tile
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
32
MENA: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
30
40
50
60
70
80Pe
rcen
tile
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
33
MENA: Index of Economic Freedom
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 201345
50
55
60
65
70
75
80O
vera
ll Sc
ore
Overall IndexOther MonarchiesGulf MonarchiesAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
34
MENA: Entrepreneurship• Large public sector has bred a lack of economic dynamism in
region – further setting back employment• World Bank found (2010) that MENA has some of the lowest
firm entry density rates in the world• Suggests a lack of entrepreneurship with rate almost four
times lower than of Europe and Central Asia
35
MENA: Ease of Doing Business• Region generally scores very low on World Bank’
Ease of Doing Business Index – even lower after 2011 – yet the private sector will have to create most of the jobs.
36
Social Capital• There are a number of interesting patterns associated
with the region’s governance.• An often neglected aspect is social capital which
incorporates• Social networks and • The cohesion a society experiences when people trust one
another • Empirical studies on social capital have found that
societies with lower levels of social capital have experienced lower rates of economic growth
• Unlike physical capital, social capital may take years to show significant increases
• For the MENA region, low levels of social capital are closely associated with low levels of governance and entrepreneurship
37
Patterns of Governance/Social Capital
Egypt
Tunisia
Yemen
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
Syria
Kuwait
Iraq
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ranking -- Legatum Social Capital (1 highest, 142 lowest)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Ran
king
-- L
egat
um G
over
nanc
e (1
hig
hest
, 142
low
est)
38
Patterns of Social Capital/Entrepreneurship
EgyptTunisia
Yemen
MoroccoSaudi Arabia
Jordan
Syria
Kuwait
Iraq
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ranking -- Legatum Entrepreneurship (1 highest, 142 lowest)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140R
anki
ng --
Leg
atum
Soc
ial C
apita
l (1
high
est,
142
low
est)
39
Governance/Oil Curse
Iraq
IranVenezuela
Nigeria
Saudi Arabia
Russia
Angola
MexicoIndonesia
UAE
Azerbaijan
Kuwait
ChadSudan
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ranking -- Legatum Economy (1 highest, 142 lowest)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
(Classic Oil Curse)
(Oil Blessing)
(Partial Oil Curse)
40
Asia Governance: Voice and Accountability
41
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Vo
ice
and
Acc
ount
abili
ty (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
Asia: Political Stability Absence of Violence
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Polit
ical
Sta
bilit
y/A
bsen
ce o
f Vio
lenc
e (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically-motivated violence and terrorism.
42
Asia: Government Effectiveness
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200920
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Gov
ernm
ent E
ffect
iven
ess
(per
cent
ile)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
43
Asia: Regulatory Quality
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200920
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Reg
ulat
ory
Qua
lity
(per
cent
ile)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
44
Asia: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200920
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rul
e of
Law
(per
cent
ile)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
45
Asia: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100C
ontr
ol o
f Cor
rupt
ion
(per
cent
ile)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.
46
Asia: Overall Economic Freedom
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201135
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Ove
rall
Econ
omic
Fre
edom
Sco
re
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: Heritage House Index of Economic Freedom, 2012
47
Asian Trade Freedom
48
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Trad
e Fr
eedo
m S
core
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: Heritage House Index of Economic Freedom, 2012
Asian Total Economic Freedom
49
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201135
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Ove
rall
Econ
omic
Fre
edom
Sco
re
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: Heritage House Index of Economic Freedom, 2012
Asian Governance: Total Dimensions
50
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200920
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Sum
: Tot
al G
over
nanc
e D
imen
sion
s (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Africa: Progress in Voice and Accountability
51
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Vo
ice
and
Acc
ount
abili
ty (p
erce
ntile
)
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Political Stability, Absence of Violence
52
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Government Effectiveness
53
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80G
over
nmen
t Effe
ctiv
enes
s (p
erce
ntile
)
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Regulatory Quality
54
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Rule of Law
55
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Control of Corruption
56
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Economic Freedom
57
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201125
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Ove
rall
Inde
x of
Eco
nom
ic F
reed
om
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa Groupings: Voice and Accountability
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20085
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Voic
e an
d A
ccou
ntab
ility
(per
cent
ile)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
58
Africa Groupings: Political Stability Absence of Violence
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200815
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Polit
ical
Sta
bilit
y, A
bsen
ce o
f Vio
lenc
e (p
erce
ntile
)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
59
Africa Groupings: Government Effectiveness
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200810
20
30
40
50
60
70
Gov
ernm
ent E
ffect
iven
ess
(per
cent
ile)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
60
Africa Groupings: Regulatory Quality
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200815
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Reg
ulat
ory
Qua
lity
(per
cent
ile)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
61
Africa Groupings: Rule of Law
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20085
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Rul
e of
Law
(per
cent
ile)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
62
African Groupings: Control of Corruption
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200810
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Con
trol
of C
orru
ptio
n (p
erce
ntile
)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
63
Latin America: Voice and Accountability
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Vo
ice
and
Acc
ount
abili
ty (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
64
Latin America: Political Stability Absence of Violence
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Polit
ical
Sta
bilit
y/A
bsen
ce o
f Vio
lenc
e (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically-motivated violence and terrorism.
65
Latin America: Government Effectiveness
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200910
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90G
over
nmen
t Effe
ctiv
enes
s (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies.
66
Latin America: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90R
ule
of L
aw (p
erce
ntile
)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.
67
Latin America: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100C
ontr
ol o
f Cor
rupt
ion
(per
cent
ile)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.
68
Latin America: Total Economic Freedom
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201135
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Ove
rall
Econ
omic
Fre
edom
Sco
re
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaChile
Source: Heritage House Index of Economic Freedom, 2012
69
Latin America: Trade Freedom
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201150
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Trad
e Fr
eedo
m S
core
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaChile
70
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