north american colonies
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The North American Colonies
A History of US (excerpt)
“Picture a long, stout rope. On each end of the rope, strong teams pull hard. Sometimes the rope is pulled in one direction, sometimes in the other. Mostly, however, the teams are even. They balance each other in a kind of tension. And so it was, and is, and always has been in North America. From the beginning, the Europeans who came to America had two dreams; there was the dream of riches, of America as a land of gold where one could become wealthy. And there was the dream of a new world, of an ideal place where the mistakes of Europe could be avoided, where people could pursue happiness. Sometimes those dreams pulled in opposite directions; sometimes they worked in harmony.”
Guiding Questions Which mother countries founded colonies in
North America?
Who gave permission and money to start the colonies?
What was the purpose of the colonies?
How did they decide where to build the colonies?
How did the mother countries treat the natives?
The Spanish in North America
GOLD!! GOLD!! GOLD!! FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH!! MORE GOLD!! EVEN MORE GOLD!!
In 1540, Francisco Coronado and more than 1,000 soldiers set out to find the Seven Cities of Gold.
They traveled north out of Mexico into the present-day states of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and parts of Kansas.
They never saw any traces of the Seven Cities of Gold.
Coronado then took the long trip home. The route he took back toward Mexico would later become known as the Santa Fe Trail.
In 1542, Coronado returned to Mexico with only 100 of his soldiers. Coronado never found the Seven Cities of Gold.
However, he did claim the lands he had traveled through for Spain (including the Grand Canyon). This prevented any other European country from making claims to the American southwest.
Spanish Holdings in North and Central America
The Spanish in Florida
While exploring the Bahamas in 1513, Juan Ponce de León landed somewhere near Cape Canaveral, named the landmass "La Florida" and claimed it for Spain. This was only 21 years after Columbus first set foot in the Bahamas and initiated Spanish colonization of the Americas.
Hernando De Soto arrived on the Gulf Coast in 1539 and began a four-year trek across Florida and the American South. Narváez, De Soto and many other members of these expeditions died, but survivors made it to Mexico to relate their experiences.
The Spanish established missions throughout the colony to convert Native
Americans to Catholicism.
Why did the English make colonies in the
Americas? to practice religion they choose
to bring Christ to "savages"
British judges sent people who had commented crimes
business people came to buy items like furs and tobacco
farmers - chance to have own land
New England:Gold or God?
Two English colonies were started for very different reasons.
The Jamestown settlement in Virginia was
looking for gold and wealth.
The Pilgrims settlement made a home further north in Massachusetts and were after
religious freedom.
Let’s compare and contrast these two strongly conflicting colonies and their motives.
Jamestown Location
Jamestown, Virginia Virginia Company sent three ships of settlers to New
World in December 1607
named settlement Jamestown in honor of English King James
came to set up trade between New World and England
Getting Settled… 105 men and boys led
by John Smith
built a fort near river that flowed in Chesapeake Bay
named river James after King James of England
fort was built on a swamp which contained mosquitoes carrying a deadly malaria virus (oops!)
Getting Along with the Natives…or not!
Powhatan Indians lived in that part of Virginia
14,000 Indians lived in Chesapeake Bay when English came
settlers did not build permanent houses or grow food, not good hunters
many English died from disease and starvation
suffered worst winter (fire, drought, disease, Indian attacks, and little food)
almost destroyed the colony
Pocahontas brought the settlers corn to eat
John Smith rescued by Pocahontas
Getting along, cont’d. 1610 Thomas De La Warr, new governor
arrived with 3 ships of supplies
wanted more settlers to come
gave new settlers 50 acres of free land
Indians unhappy with this
Interactive Jamestown Web site: http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/games/interactiveadventures/john-smith/
Why did the Pilgrims come?
Religious freedom!!
The King in England decided what religion everyone would be. The Pilgrims wanted to practice their own religion without interference from anyone.
The pilgrim settlers were made up mostly families. Many were tradesmen and farmers.
Pilgrims Pilgrims landed near Cape Cod in Massachusetts
settlement started in 1620leader William Bradford
Once the people aboard the Mayflower realized that the terms of their agreement applied to Virginia, and not to New England, where they were, the leaders wrote the Mayflower Compact. The document was signed on ship within sight of land. The compact stated: that they would remain united
make laws for the general good of the new colony
promised to obey laws
The Mayflower Compact was a form of self-government for the colony.
Mayflower Compact
Pilgrim’s Arrival on November 11, 1620
after 66 days, the Pilgrims came to Cape Cod
first winter struggled to build shelter
in two or three months half of the people diedhalf the people who survived were childrenonly four women lived
called new settlement Plimoth Plantation
Plymouth Colony
The White Man’s Disease
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, various sources estimate native population in North and South America at ninety to one hundred million. It is impossible to arrive at the number of Indians in the Americas killed by European diseases with smallpox the deadliest by far. Even the most conservative estimates place the deaths from smallpox above sixty-five percent (Bray).
Smallpox
The Dutch The Dutch kept trying to find a
westward passage to the Indies. They sent an Englishman, Captain Henry Hudson to find it. Hudson found a river that ran westward for a short time. He followed it and found that it turned north in what is now New York. The river was later named Hudson after him.
Hudson’s Route
The Dutch pay the Natives
Hudson found the Indians living along the shores of this river were friendly. They were willing to trade furs. Hudson told the Dutch people about this.
In 1623 the Dutch sent people to live in this area. They formed a new colony and began trading with the Indians. They called their new colony New Netherlands. The Dutch Governor Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island from the Indians for $24 worth of beads and trinkets.
Economy of the Colonies
The whole purpose of a colony is to make money for the mother country. Their job was to collect the raw materials and natural resources from the area and ship it back to the mother country to manufacture.
Check out this link to learn all about it!
file:///Users/heidi/Desktop/teacher%20resources/history/Coloniztion/North%20American%20Colonization/Colonial%20Economy%20from%201600%20to%201750.webarchive
13 New England ColoniesVirginia 1607London CompanyMassachusetts1620 PuritansNew Hampshire1623 John WheelwrightMaryland 1634Lord BaltimoreConnecticut 1635Thomas HookerRhode Island 1636Roger WilliamsDelaware 1638Peter Minuit & New Sweden Co.North Carolina1653VirginiansSouth Carolina1663Eight Nobles (Royal Charter)New Jersey 1664Lord Berkeley & Sir George CarteretNew York 1664Duke of YorkPennsylvania 1682William PennGeorgia1732James Edward Oglethorpe
You are French, oui? Found a colony in Quebec.
Some colonists farm, some are tradesmen, but most are traders of fur.
They learn to speak the native’s language and intermarry.
Conflict with English colonies drive them westward, so they begin to settle along the Mississippi River.
French and Indian War
Also known as The Seven Years War
Fought between the English colonies and the French colonies (the Native “Indians” helped the French).
Fought over land rights
War ends with the Proclamation Line of 1763. English wins all the French lands EAST of the Mississippi.
Spanish win all the French land WEST of the Mississippi
Follow Up Questions Which mother countries founded colonies in
North America?
What was the purpose of the colonies?
How did they decide where to build the colonies?
How did the mother countries treat the natives?
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