nitsa (kaliner) kasir - machon.org.il · source: nitsa (kaliner) kasir, “integration of diverse...

March 12, 2018

Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir

Jewish Funders Network

Deputy Chair, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs

Data is only half the story…

and sometimes it’s the wrong story.

2

4.0%11.2% 14.2% 17.8% 22.0%

32.1%16.0%

20.8%21.2%

21.4%21.0%

19.2%

80.0%68.0% 64.5% 60.7% 57.1%

48.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1980 2015 2025 2035 2045 2065

Population distribution and forecast

Haredim Arabs Non-haredi Jews and others

Source: analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ data, 1980;For the years 2015-2065 – “Israel’s Population as of 2017 and Scenarios for Future Population Growth,” Presentation, Dr. Ahmad Hleihel, Central Bureau of Statistics. 3

Source: The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs Data: Labor Force Survey of the Central Bureau of Statistics, 2015.

Population distribution by age

20% 18% 15% 12% 9% 11% 9% 7% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2%

60%58%

56%57% 64%

69% 72% 73% 76% 82% 85% 88% 86% 91%

20%24%

29% 31%27%

20% 19% 20% 19%14% 11% 9% 11%

7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+

Haredim Non-haredi Jews and others Arabs

4

How does haredi employment compare with non-haredi employment?

Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, “Integration of Diverse Populations in Employment,” The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs , 2017. Data: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2017.

37.1%

49.5%51.7%

73.4%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Men Women

Employment Rate – Haredim Working age (25-64)

2004 2017

2020 Target:63%

87.8%82.1%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Men Women

Employment Rate – Non-Haredi Jews, 2017

Working age (25-64)

5

Typical Characteristics of Haredi Society

• Education system focused on identity formation, not job-market preparedness;

• Torah study ideal among haredi men, women are oftentimes the main breadwinner;

• Large families (Total Fertility Rate among haredi women – 6.91, vs. 2.65among non-haredi Jewish women).1

• Preference for segregated lifestyle (residential, work place, etc.)

1Source: Ahmed Hleihel, “Fertility Among Jewish Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2014.” Central Bureau of Statistics’ Working Paper Series , No. 101 6

Haredi Women’s Employment

7

Haredi women work fewer hours

Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, Shlomit Shahino-Kesler and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, “Haredi Women’s Underemployment", Haredi Institute for Public Affairs, 2018 (forthcoming).Data: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 20151 Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, “Haredi Women’s Employment and Poverty in the Haredi Community,” Haredi Institute for Public Affairs , 2018 (forthcoming).

A large proportion of haredi women working part time

are involuntary part-time workers – one out of four.1

35.1

28.2

Number of hours worked per week

Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women

20%-

20.5%

35.5%

Non-Haredi Jewishwomen

Haredi women

Part-time employment (out of overall employment)

8

Haredi women earn less

Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Household Expenditure Survey, 2016.

₪9,226

₪6,718

Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women

Average income from salaried work – women2016(25-64),

- 27%

9

₪58

₪55

Non-Haredi Jewish womenHaredi women

- 7%

Average hourly wage from salaried work – womenWorking age (25-64), 2016

Haredi women employed mainly in education

19%

44%

Education

Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women

Women employed in education

Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64.

Education, 44%

Health, welfare and

social services, 19%

Wholesale and retail; car mechanics , 6%

Professional, scientific and

technical services, 5%

IT and communications, 4%

Financial services and

insurance, 3%

Industry and manufacturing, 2%

Local authorities, public administration

and security, 2% Other industries,

13%

10

Sectoral employment distribution – women

Challenges in haredi women’s employment

• Limited fields of vocational training;

• Training for low-income jobs, and not in fields relevant to the Israeli job market;

• Shortage of jobs in the relevant fields in which haredi women are trained;

• Reluctance to pursue academic studies.

11

So where do we go from here?Steps the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs is taking

• Mapping current and future trends in the job market;

• Working with school principals to adapt curricula and career training to meet market demands and to implement curricula already in high school, for optimum post-high school professional training;

• Working with the Ministry of Health to develop career options in healthcare services and paramedical professions;

• Working hand in hand with rabbinic and communal leadership.

12

Haredi Men’s Employment

13

Haredi men work fewer hours

Source: The Haredi Institute for Public AffairsData: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 2015 , ages 25-64.

43.5

34.7

Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men

20%-

6.4%

24.7%

Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men

Part-time employment (out of overall employment)

14

Number of hours worked per week

Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Household Expenditure Survey, 2016, for employees aged 25-64 (self-defined as haredim).

Haredi men earn less

14,814

8,128

Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men

- 45%

Average income from salaried work – men

15

Haredi men employed mainly in education

5%

30%

Education

Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men

Men employed in education

Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64.

Education, 30%

Wholesale and retail; car

mechanics , 15%

Industry and manufacturing, 10%

Other services, 7%

Health, welfare and social services, 6%

Professional, scientific and technical services,

4%

Transportation, storage, postal

and courier services, 4%

Construction, 4%

Management and support services, 3%

Local authorities, public administration

and security, 3%

IT and communications, 3%

Other industries, 11%

16

Sectoral employment distribution – men

Challenges in haredi men’s employment

• The education system focuses solely on Torah studies;

• Torah study is the preferred choice among most men, with studies typically continuing till age 23-24, if not longer;

• Most of the men joining the workforce are married with children;

• Cultural and social gaps that hamper their integration.

• Advantages to Hiring Haredi Men • High level of learning capabilities• Married men/fathers are committed to their job and employer.

17

➢Mapping out the demand in the hi-tech job market• No need for formal (academic) education

• Opportunity to tap into the latent haredi human capital

➢Integration into the civil service• Largest employer in the economy

• Instituting standards that will enable recruitment of suitable candidates from the haredi community

➢Tax reforms• Enabling men who are working to maximize child tax credits (beneficial for all sectors of society).

18

So where do we go from here?Steps being taken/recommended by the Haredi Institute of Public Affairs

Vision without action is a daydream; action without vision is a nightmare.

19

nitsa@machon.org.il

Thank you for your time

Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir