net-zero: beauty, health, survival and evolution

Photo by Carol Stenberg Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com

Photo by the Putney School Photo by Maclay Architects

Photo by Maclay Architects

Image by Maclay Architects

Net-Zero – Is Net-Zero New?

Photo by John Fowler / CC-BY-2.0

Photo modified by Disenyo from photo by Paul Kempeneers / CC-BY-SA-2.5

Photo by Martin St-Amant / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Photo modified by Edfu6 from photo by Rémih / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Photo by Bill Maclay

Photo by Pascal Reusch / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Photo derived from photo by Hans Ollermann / CC-BY-2.0

Photo by Timothy A. Price and Nichole I. / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Farming/Renewable Coal Oil

Energy, Lifestyle & Settlement

Sun / Villages & Towns Coal / Urbanization Oil / Suburbanization

Painting by Thomas James Judkin / Public Domain

Photograph by Michigan Department of Transportation / Public Domain

painting by Jan Brueghel the Elder / Public Domain-US

painting by Jean-François Millet / Public Domain-US

Photo by austrini / CC BY 2.0

Photo by Rand, McNally & Co / Public Domain-US

photo by Seattle Eng Co / Public Domain-US

Photo by Minesweeper / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Photo by David Shankbone / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Derivative by Maclay Architects from Otto Krebs 1874 / Public Domain-US

World Population and Energy Consumption

Historical Trends in Global Energy Consumption By Carolyn S. Mattick, Eric Williams, and Braden R. Allen

SOLAR ENERGY FOSSIL FUEL

economy, energy, environment, equity & population

Global Challenges & Our Buildings & Community’s Impacts

photo by Olsen Dave, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service / Public Domain

Photo by Ahron de Leeuw / CC-BY-2.0

Public Domain

Photo by Perpetual Tourist / CC-BY-2.0

Photo by John Hill / CC-BY-SA-3.0

The Non Net-Zero Tradition

Photo by Derek Jensen / Public Domain

Photo by Lothar Neumann / CC-BY-SA-2.5

Photo by Stephen Codrington / CC-BY-2.5

Photo by Bodoklecksel / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Photo by Gemma Longman / CC-BY-2.0

Public Domain

Peak Oil

Historical World Oil Price

Projected Oil Price Based on Historical Growth

Vermont Historical Fuel Price

Inflation Rates Calculated for #2 Fuel Oil Fuel Price Data from VT Fuel Price Report, VT Department of Public Service

We Can do this Again

5 Simple Steps to a Net-Zero Positive Energy Future

1.  Establish project goals and building energy metrics (like car mileage)

2.  Design buildings like living organisms - interconnected to an ecosystem

1.  Siting

2.  Massing

3.  Lighting

4.  Renewable Energy

3.  Design for beauty in living

4.  Monitor and tweak operation

5.  Educate / Celebrate Photo by Harald Pettersen/Statoil / CC-BY-2.0

Photo by Tom Chance / CC-BY-2.0 Photo by a1personage / Public Domain Photo by David Brazier

Net-Zero Ready Standards

R-40 Walls

R-60 Roof

R-20 Below Grade

R-5-10 Windows

Less than 0.1 cfm50/sqft

Natural: 0.15 ACH

10-15 kbtu/sf

Photo by the Putney School

Net-Zero Homes

Maclay Architects Net-Zero Office

Maclay Architects Net-Zero Offices

BUILDING TYPE: Historic carriage barn transformed into offices SCOPE: Renovation PROJECT SIZE: 2,500 sf ENERGY INTENSITY: 34 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100%

Maclay Office Renovations

Daylighting windows with light reflecting blinds

Wheat & Palm tree flooring

Roller shades to reduce glare

Open ceiling trusses for increased daylighting

Recycled glass tile in concrete floor

R-60+ Ceiling

R-40+ Walls

R-5 Windows

Photos by Maclay Architects

17.55 kW PV installation

Existing 2 kW tracker Photos by Maclay Architects

Dartt House Renovations

Diverted construction waste

High-performance, R-5, windows and doors in historic openings

Upgraded thermal envelope inside historic shell, R-60 roof, R-40 walls

All Earth Renewable Trackers will be installed to make the property net-zero

Photos by Maclay Architects

River House

Photo by Maclay Architects

River House

BUILDING TYPE: Net-zero house SCOPE: New Construction PROJECT SIZE: 4,500 sf INSTALLED PV: 14 kW Groundmount system ENERGY INTENSITY: 20 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100%

Photo by Maclay Architects

Photos by Maclay Architects

River House

Photo by Carol Stenberg

Putney Residence

Images by Maclay Architects

Photos by Maclay Architects

Newton Residence

Images by Maclay Architects

Net-Zero Commercial / Institutional

Bennington Courthouse

Existing Building

George D. Aiken Center

George D. Aiken Center BUILDING TYPE: Model, living building SCOPE: Renovation & Addition PROJECT SIZE: Phase 42,000 sf, 2% new construction PROJECT COST (estimate): $7,750,000 COST/SQFT: $184/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (existing): 89 kbtu/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (modeled): 23 kbtu/sf

Sun Shade Louvers

High-R Curtain Wall

Wood from UVM Land

Living Machine Waste Treatment

Mechanically Operated Windows

Polished Concrete

Coastal Maine Botanical Garden Educational Center

Photo by Robert Benson

Photo by Robert Benson

Photo by Robert Benson

Photo by Robert Benson

Photo by Tim Greenway

Photo by Robert Benson

NRG Systems – Building 1 & 2

Photo by Maclay Architects

NRG Systems – Building 1 & 2

BUILDING TYPE: Model Renewable-Powered Workplace SCOPE: Two new buildings and masterplan PROJECT SIZE: Phase 46,500 sf / 31,000 sf PROJECT COST: $5,000,000 / $6,500,00 COST/SQFT: $107/sf / $212/sf ENERGY INTENSITY: 23 kbtu/sf / 19 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 89% / 95% AIR INFILTRATION: 0.18 cfm50/sf / 0.092 cfm50/sf NATURAL: 0.08 ACH, winter / 0.05 ACH, winter LEED RATING: LEED-NB Gold / LEED-NB Gold

Photo by Maclay Architects

NRG 2 – Site Plan

Energy conservation Daylighting Renewable energy usage Pond for cooling Storm water management

Building 1

Building 2

Integrated Environmental Design & Systems

Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com

View towards fireplace & hearth from café

View of Central Stair

NRG Building 1 – Central Heart

Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com

Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com

View into the café Library and Floor Art on 2nd Floor

NRG Building 2 – Central Heart

Photo by Maclay Architects

Photo by Maclay Architects

Photo by Carolyn Bates, www.carolynbates.com

Earth, Air, and Water Theme

NRG Building 2 – Art Floor

photo by Jeffery Clarke

The Putney School Field House

Photography by Sally McCay

The Putney School Field House

BUILDING TYPE: Net-zero wellness center SCOPE: New Building PROCESS: Community Design PROJECT SIZE: Phase 17,500 sf PROJECT COST: $5,106,00 COST/SQFT: $292/sf ENERGY INTENSITY (MODEL/ESTIMATE): 11 kbtu/sf PERCENT RENEWABLE: 100% AIR INFILTRATION: 0.065 cfm/sf LEED RATING: LEED-NB Platinum anticipated

Photography by Sally McCay

Field House Sections

Field House Energy Analysis

Western Facade

Gymnasium Space

Photo by Maclay Architects

Photography by Sally McCay

A Net-Zero Campus

Land Use: Renewable Era? c. 2010 - ?

A Net-Zero Putney School Campus

Putney School Buildings -- Heating Energy Intensity

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Main B

uilding

Arms H

ouse KDU

John R

ogers

Rogers

House

Prefab H

ouse

Arts &

Craf

ts

Cinderbloc

k Hou

se

Library

Gray H

ouse

Old Girls

(Main

Building)

Rockwell

Hous

e

Goodlat

te Hou

se

Currier

Cen

ter

Art Build

ing

Old Boys

White C

ottage

Noyes

Reynolds B

uildin

g

Innkeep

ers H

ouse

Lower Fa

rm

Jeffr

ey C

ampbell

Theater

Page F

arm H

ouse &

Barn

Leona

rd's

Keep

Hueseb

y Hous

e

New B

oys

Milk H

ouse

Field H

ouse

Btu

/sq.

ft-dd

ay

Before net-zero energy cost: $400,000/year After net-zero energy cost: $0/year Net-zero capital cost - $20,000,000

Energy Usage of the Mad River Valley

Path 1 Estimates: 165,000,000 kWh or 562,000,000 kBTUs

Path 2 Estimates: 476,000,000 kWh

or 1,625,000,000 kBTUs

MRV Total Energy Estimate Range:

Electricity: 66,000,000 kWh Heating : 45,000,000 – 244,000,000 kWh Transportation: 54,000,000 – 158,000,000 kWh

MRV Total Estimate: 300,000,000 kWh

or 1,025,000,000 kBTUs

A Net-Zero Mad River Valley

What does 300,000,000 kWh or 1.025 trillion kBTUs mean?

176,000 barrels of oil 73,000 cords of wood, 73,000 acres of woodland 256,400 kW of installed PV, 1500 acres or 2.4 square miles 36 wind turbines (2.3 Mw with 100 meter blades) assuming a wind speed of 7.5 mps, requiring ridgeline placement

Sources: Utility Facts, 2008 by The Vermont Department of Public Service Mad River Valley Electric Energy Usage from the Mad River Energy Study

A Net-Zero Mad River Valley

With energy conservation we can realistically expect to reduce energy loads by around 25%. We would then need: 132,000 barrels of oil 55,000 cords of wood, 55,000 acres of woodland 192,300 kW of installed PV, 1150 acres or 1.8 square miles 27 wind turbines (2.3 Mw with 100 meter blades) assuming a wind speed of 7.5 mps, requiring ridgeline placement

Sources: Utility Facts, 2008 by The Vermont Department of Public Service Mad River Valley Electric Energy Usage from the Mad River Energy Study

$0.00 $1.00 $2.00 $3.00 $4.00 $5.00 $6.00

Vermont Historic Fuel Prices

#2 Fuel Oil Kerosene

How do we get to Net Zero Vermont and Planet?

1.  Calculate existing loads

2.  Reduce existing loads 80%–90%

3.  Add renewables to zero