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NERC Standards CNY Engineering Expo Herb Schrayshuen
VP and Director Reliability Assessment and Performance
Analysis
October 23, 2012
2 RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY
Learning Objectives
• Understanding NERC and the purpose of the Standards Process
• Review of the structure of the stakeholder process and NERC governance
• Understanding of the standards development process
• Briefing on a few of the upcoming issues
NERC Overview
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What is NERC’s Role in the Industry?
• Mission: Ensure the reliability of the North American bulk power system by:
Holding entities accountable for compliance with mandatory reliability standards
Acting as a catalyst for positive change within the industry
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Defining Reliability
• NERC defines a reliable bulk power system as one that is able to meet the electricity needs of end-use customers even when unexpected equipment failures reduce the amount of available electricity
• This means:
Adequacy – sufficient resources
Security – ability of system to withstand sudden and unexpected disturbances
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Reliability History: Key Dates
November 9, 1965 - Northeast Blackout
1968: National Electric Reliability Council (NERC) established by the electric industry
2002: NERC operating policy and planning standards became mandatory and enforceable in Ontario, Canada
August 14, 2003 - Blackout
2005: U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005 creates the Electric Reliability Organization (ERO)
2006: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) certified NERC as the ERO; Memorandum of Understanding (MOUs) with some Canadian Provinces
2007: North American Electric Reliability Council became the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC); FERC issued Order 693 approving 83 of 107 proposed reliability standards; became mandatory and enforceable
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What Does it Mean to be the ERO?
• Only one ERO, overseen by U.S. and Canadian regulatory authorities (FERC and the provinces)
Responsible for developing/enforcing reliability standards
Independent of owners, operators, users
Adhere to rules governing standards development, compliance enforcement, budgeting
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What Does NERC Do?
• Develops and enforces reliability standards
• Monitors the bulk power system
• Assesses adequacy
• Audits owners, operators, and users for preparedness
• Educates and trains industry personnel
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NERC’s Board of Trustees
J. Schori F. Gorbet D. Goulding
J. Anderson P. Barber
R. Thilly K. Peterson
T. Berry V. Bailey J. Case G. Cauley
B. Scherr
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NERC Membership
• Open to all entities interested in the bulk power system
• Twelve membership categories:
Investor-owned utility
State or municipal utility
Cooperative utility
Federal or provincial utility/power marketing administrator
Transmission dependent utility
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NERC Membership
• More membership categories:
Merchant electricity generator
Electricity marketer
Large end-use electricity customer
Small end-use electricity customer
Independent system operator/regional transmission organization
Regional Entity
Government representative
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Relationship of NERC Members to Board of Trustees
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NERC Regions
• Florida Reliability Coordinating Council
Western Electricity Coordinating Council
Texas Reliability Entity
Southwest Power Pool RE
Florida Reliability Coordinating Council
SERC Reliability Corporation
ReliabilityFirst Organization
Northeast Power Coordinating Council
Midwest Reliability Organization
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Eight NERC Regions
• Perform delegated functions:
Compliance
Regional standards
Organization registration
Reliability assessments
• Regional consistency key for transparency, predictability and uniform outcomes
NERC Standards
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Stakeholder Accountability
• Standard development process depends on active participation of stakeholders
• Stakeholder technical expertise is essential to standard development process
• Order 672: Commission must give “due weight to technical expertise of ERO”
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NERC’s Standards Process
• In 2010, a new process was developed with input from the Standards Committee, the Results-Based Standards Ad Hoc team, stakeholders, and regulators
• FERC approved the new Standard Processes Manual on September 3, 2010
• Goals:
Improve efficiency
Improve quality
Preserve American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accreditation
• Recently, there has been acknowledgement that even more can be done
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Roles and Responsibilities
Standards Committee
Stakeholders Drafting Teams
Ballot Pools
Board of Trustees
TOW RTO
LSE
TDU
Gov’t
Gen
Mkt
RE
LEU
SEU Regulators
Standards Staff
Ballot Body
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Standards Committee
• Prioritizes standards development activities
• Reviews actions to ensure the standards development process is followed
• Reviews and authorizes Standard Authorization Requests (SARs)
• Manages progress of SARs and standards development efforts
• Reviews and authorizes drafting new or revised standards and their supporting documents
• Makes appointments to drafting teams
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Draft Standard
Collect Informal Feedback
Post for Comment
Post for Recirculation
Ballot
Board Adopts
Implement
Appoint DT
Authorize Posting SAR
Regulatory Agencies Approve
Submit Standard for
QR Revise
Consider/ Respond/Revise
Revise
Submit Standard for
QR Revise
Post for Comment/
Ballot
Consider/ Respond/Revise
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SARs
Every valid SAR is accepted.
SARs need a technical basis and are posted based on
priority.
SAR
1. Add to list of projects 2. Assign a priority 3. Determine when to post
Technical Basis?
Wait for Study
No Yes
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Roles and Responsibilities of Drafting Teams
• Develop an excellent, technically correct standard that helps provide an adequate level of bulk power system reliability and achieves stakeholder consensus
Stay within the scope of the SAR
Address regulatory directives and stakeholder issues
Ensure standard meets criteria for approval
• Develop initial set of Violation Risk Factors (VRFs) and Violation Severity Levels (VSLs) and associated reasoning
• Produce a realistic implementation plan
• Develop supporting documents (optional)
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Drafting Team Formation and Support
• If a team is formed to address the SAR, the same team develops the standard
• Includes a technical writer, if needed
• Technical experts provide content for requirements
• Technical writer drafts language for technical experts
• Technical experts have “power of veto”
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Stakeholder Consensus Process
Informal Feedback
Post Standard for Comment
Consider/Respond to Comments
Post Standard for Comment/Ballot
Consider/Respond to Comments
Recirculation Ballot
New/Successive Ballot:
At this step, the standard is either “new” or significantly changed from the last version posted for comment/ ballot. The ballot record starts with no votes and no comments.
Recirculation Ballot:
At this step, there have been no significant changes to the standard from the last ballot. The ballot record starts with all votes and comments from the previous ballot.
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Stakeholder Consensus Process
New/Successive Ballot: At this step, the standard is either “new” or significantly changed from the last version posted for comment/ ballot. The ballot record starts with no votes and no comments.
Recirculation Ballot: At this step, there have been no significant changes to the standard from the last ballot. The ballot record starts with all votes and comments from the previous ballot.
Informal Feedback
Post Standard for Comment
Consider/Respond to Comments
Post Standard for Comment/Ballot
Consider/Respond to Comments
Recirculation Ballot
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Stakeholder Consensus Process
New/Successive Ballot: At this step, the standard is either “new” or significantly changed from the last version posted for comment/ ballot. The ballot record starts with no votes and no comments.
Recirculation Ballot: At this step, there have been no significant changes to the standard from the last ballot. The ballot record starts with all votes and comments from the previous ballot.
Informal Feedback
Post Standard for Comment
Consider/Respond to Comments
Post Standard for Comment/Ballot
Consider/Respond to Comments
Recirculation Ballot
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Stakeholder Consensus Process
New/Successive Ballot: At this step, the standard is either “new” or significantly changed from the last version posted for comment/ ballot. The ballot record starts with no votes and no comments.
Recirculation Ballot: At this step, there have been no significant changes to the standard from the last ballot. The ballot record starts with all votes and comments from the previous ballot.
Informal Feedback
Post Standard for Comment
Consider/Respond to Comments
Post Standard for Comment/Ballot
Consider/Respond to Comments
Recirculation Ballot
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Building Consensus with Comments
• Stakeholder feedback is essential
• The best comments offer suggested replacement language first and then support that suggested language with rationale
• If a stakeholder cannot suggest alternate language, he or she should still make sure to support his or her claim with sound technical rationale
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Sample Comments
• In Attachments 1, 2, and 3 the six-month requirement for notice is too short in many cases. We suggest nine months to one year. Six months is not enough time for budgeting and construction scheduling
• The Generator Owner (GO) appears to be the logical choice. Generator Owner has the access to the equipment records, Generator Operator may not.
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Sample Comments
• Disagree with R2 as written
• Disagree with assigning requirement to the GO
• Definition is a little loose
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Drafting Team Responses to Comments
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Navigating a Comment Report
If time is limited:
• Read the first section
• For each question, read the Summary Response
• Find responses to your comments
If time is not limited:
• Read the entire report
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Navigating a Comment Report
Sections of Comment Report:
• Executive Overview (what was posted when; who commented; what was changed and why; unresolved minority issues; link to unformatted comments; reminder of appeals process)
• Index to questions
• List of commenters
• Questions and responses
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Emphasis on Quality Before Posting Final Drafts
Quality review required before “final” draft posted.
Results of review sent to Standards Committee and drafting team.
Working Draft of
Standard
Final Draft
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Stakeholder Consensus Process
New/Successive Ballot: At this step, the standard is either “new” or significantly changed from the last version posted for comment/ ballot. The ballot record starts with no votes and no comments.
Recirculation Ballot: At this step, there have been no significant changes to the standard from the last ballot. The ballot record starts with all votes and comments from the previous ballot.
Informal Feedback
Post Standard for Comment
Consider/Respond to Comments
Post Standard for Comment/Ballot
Consider/Respond to Comments
Recirculation Ballot
36 RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY
Stakeholder Consensus Process
New/Successive Ballot: At this step, the standard is either “new” or significantly changed from the last version posted for comment/ ballot. The ballot record starts with no votes and no comments.
Recirculation Ballot: At this step, there have been no significant changes to the standard from the last ballot. The ballot record starts with all votes and comments from the previous ballot.
Informal Feedback
Post Standard for Comment
Consider/Respond to Comments
Post Standard for Comment/Ballot
Consider/Respond to Comments
Recirculation Ballot
37 RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY
Recirculation Ballot
• Balloter accountability
Review changes made to the standard
Review unresolved minority issues
Last chance to see if you should change your vote
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FERC’s Approval Process for Standards
Standard and Tech Details
NOPR Order FERC
Analysis FERC
Analysis
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Where We Are Now
• Standard Process Input Group (SPIG)
Formed by Member Representatives Committee in February 2012 to recommend improvements to standards development process
• Additional Standard Processes Manual (SPM) changes in progress:
Changes to requirements for comment periods
Removal of measures from standards
Waiver to allow deviation from SPM in extreme cases
Changes to handling of ‘no’ votes
Clarification on handling of interpretations
40 RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY
Current Issues
• Definition of the Bulk Electric System
• Adequate Level of Reliability
• Frequency Response Initiative
• Transmission Planning Standards-Footnote b
• Revisiting the standards process to improve efficiency and throughput
• Cold Weather Readiness
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Questions?
42 RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY
Questions?
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