nebc renewables transmission challenges
Post on 20-May-2015
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Transmission Challenges for Renewables
• NW Power & Conservation Council & BPA slides used and special thanks to Tom Eckman for keeping humor in a dry subject
• How to integrate Renewables: wind, solar, geothermal, wave or tidal, biomass?
• Presentation:– History & Politics– System Characteristics – Economics – Smart Grid
History & Politics• Bonneville Power Administration – 80% of PNW
Transmission Lines
• BPA facilitates renewables with transmission system connections/studies and the funding of Bonneville Environmental Foundation
• It is a political organization driven by its customer utilities, regional Congressional delegation and public opinion
• BPA Power Contracts limit public customer self generation, utilities are risk-averse, public or private, due to regulation and governance
PNW early 80’sUtility Reaction to Power Council’s First Plan Was “Mixed”
Could today’s word be Renewable?
Characteristics • Wind has a capacity factor of only 30% (it only blows 30% of the
time) and there is no correlation between when the wind blows and peak generation needs
• Solar only during the day, maximum in summer, minimum in the winter
• Wave & Tidal have great predictability
• Geothermal is a good base load resource
• Biomass could be dispatched
• Wind requires within hour capacity ramping, Hydro system is essentially is a giant storage system, except there may not be enough hydro-capacity to meet sudden within hour changes in wind conditions
CharacteristicsBase load resources
Energy Efficiency12%
Hydro55%
Coal18%
Biomass1%
Wind1%
Nuclear4%
Natural Gas9%
Petroleum & Pet Coke0%
CharacteristicsEast – West Power Flow (winter peak, summer growing)North – South Flow (summer to south, winter to north)
California – Big Market for Renewables
AlbertaTar Sands
Big Problems in River City
Wind integration options being talked about:Gas Turbines or Pumped Hydro Storage
http://www.nwcouncil.org/energy/Wind/library/2007-1.pdf
Energy Efficiency is Still the Cheapest Option
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
Energ
y Effic
iency
Gas C
omb
Cycle
MT
Wind
(Loc
al)
Advan
ced N
uclea
r
Super
critic
al PC (W
A/OR)
Colum
bia B
asin
Wind
AB Wind
> W
A/OR
ID W
ind (L
ocal)
MT
Wind
> W
A/OR
Le
veliz
ed
Life
cycl
e C
ost
(2
00
6$
/MW
h)
Emission (CO2) cost
Transmission & Losses
System Integration
Plant costs
Economics drives resource decisions by utilities and regulators
EconomicsThe PNW Plans To Meet Nearly All Future Load Growth With
Conservation and Renewable Resources
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
20072009
20112013
20152017
20192021
20232025
Dis
pa
tch
ed
En
erg
y (M
Wa
)
RPS Hydro
RPS Solar
RPSGeothermalRPS Biomass
RPS Wind
Conservation
CommittedWind
Smart Grid
• DOE definition:
– Self-healing from power disturbance events
– Enabling active participation by consumers in demand response
– Operating resiliently against physical and cyber attack – Providing power quality for 21st century needs
– Accommodating all generation and storage options
– Enabling new products, services, and markets
– Optimizing assets and operating efficiently
• All of these are enabling characteristics for operation of the electrical grid
Demand Response
GIS Mapping
Energy Efficiency
Smart Grid (stimulus)• BPA – 3.25 billion spending authority increase (stimulus), impact on renewables?
• Regional Reality: BPA oversight of $100 million (50% match)
• The Smart Grid could help integrate renewables
• Broadband infrastructure in rural areas could help integrate more renewables in rural areas (east side at community scale)
• Demand Response (thermostat set back, water heater turn off) on the west side of the Cascades could open up transmission for renewables (reduce load on west side) at peaks
• The Smart Grid can provide demand response economically, securely and in real time to help integrate renewables (National Grid in the UK has provided “ancillary services” since 1997 using a pre-Internet system, saving 100’s of millions of cost while reducing greenhouse gas emissions)
• What would this require? Consumer education and involvement, commercial and residential
Take Away
• What should future power system development be: (both generation and enabling technologies) large scale centralized or small scale distributed?
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