nanotechnology 20120918 lecture 3 biomimic

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BiomimicNanotechnology in Nature

Modified from:Shanghai Institute for Advanced Studies

Lecture 3Dr.Jern18/9/12

Nature knows (far better than do we Nature knows (far better than do we technology-obsessed humans) how to get technology-obsessed humans) how to get things done efficiently and effectivelythings done efficiently and effectively

BiomimicryInnovation Inspired by Nature

© The Biomimicry Institute 2008

BiomimicBionics Biomimicry BiomimeticsBionics Biomimicry Biomimetics

“ “biobio” = ” = life, living thingslife, living things““mimicrymimicry” = ” = copying, emulatingcopying, emulating

© The Biomimicry Institute 2008

Molecularscale devices,Molecularscale devices, superhydrophobicity, superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning,self-cleaning, drag reduction in fluid flow, energydrag reduction in fluid flow, energy conversion and conservation,conversion and conservation, high adhesion, reversible adhesion, high adhesion, reversible adhesion, aerodynamic lift,aerodynamic lift, materials and fibres with high mechanical strength, materials and fibres with high mechanical strength, biological self-assembly, antireflection,biological self-assembly, antireflection, structural coloration, structural coloration, thermal insulation, thermal insulation, self-healing and sensory-aid mechanisms areself-healing and sensory-aid mechanisms are

Properties of biological materialsProperties of biological materials

An overview of various objects from nature and their selected functions.

Bhushan B Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2009;367:1445-1486

Bhushan B Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2009;367:1445-1486

Nano-patterns in natureNano-patterns in nature

Nano-Nano-humpshumps

Nano-Nano-groovesgrooves

Nano-Nano-bumpsbumps

Nano-burlsNano-burls

Nano-Nano-spikesspikes

Nano-laddersNano-ladders Nano-Nano-knobsknobs

Nano-ribsNano-ribs

Nano-thresholdsNano-thresholds

Our Examples

Nature’s Nanodesigns

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The Lotus EffectThe Lotus EffectCorrelation between ultrastructure and wettability

Super hydrophobic surfaces

Water beads up on papillae

Papillae on leaves

Water runs Water runs offoff

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The Lotus EffectThe Lotus Effect• Both surface chemistry and surface

topology influence the hydrophobicity -slip. The surface contains “waxy bumps”.

• Using the “Lotus effect” (that lotus leaves are highly hydrophobic), one can achieve slip flow (Tretheway & Meinhart –UCSB, Silane. Phys. Fluids 2002).

Contaminating stain powder removed by rinsing with water

Lotus leaf repels even honey and glue

www.themegallery.comSurface tension and wetting angle

The Lotus EffectThe Lotus Effect

www.themegallery.comThe Lotus-The Lotus-EffectEffect

A droplet takes up the dirt while rolling down

Water droplets roll down the leaf of the Lotus flower

Honey rolls down from a “Lotus-Effect-spoon”

www.themegallery.comMechanism of the Lotus-Effect

The Lotus Effect in action: The Lotus Effect in action: self-cleaning surfacesself-cleaning surfaces

Water drop is rolling over The dirt particles on a

smoothHydrophobic surface

Water drop takes up the dustCovering a super hydrophobic

surface

The particles adhere tightly to the surface

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The lotus leaf surface The lotus leaf surface (Feng 2002)(Feng 2002)

PapillaPapilla

μ

(a) Scanning electron microscope image of a self-cleaning lotus leaf showing a micropattern.

((bb) Microtextured polymethyl ) Microtextured polymethyl methacrylate surface for the methacrylate surface for the increase in contact angle increase in contact angle

Nosonovsky M , Bhushan B Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2009;367:1607-1627

The lotus leaf surfaceThe lotus leaf surface

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The lotus leaf surfaceThe lotus leaf surface (Feng 2002)(Feng 2002)

www.themegallery.comTest areas at the wall of my house after 4 years

Lotus-Effect® roof tile Lotus-Effect® tie

Prof. Wilhelm Barthlott

The Lotus EffectThe Lotus Effect

www.themegallery.comTest areas at the wall after 4 years

Lotusan facade paintStandard facade paint

The Lotus EffectThe Lotus Effect

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Spider Silk

biological silica

extremely strong composite nanomaterial scaffolds

medical applications &(bone tissue engineering)

industrial application

The Spider Silk Effect““The Novel Biomimetic Nanocomposites from The Novel Biomimetic Nanocomposites from Spider Silk – Silica Fusion Proteins for Spider Silk – Silica Fusion Proteins for Bone Tissue Engineering”Bone Tissue Engineering”

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Silica shell of diatom

David Kaplan, Carole Perry and colleagues developed a fusion protein made of the spider silk and the silica-cored proteins of microscopic algae called diatoms for making nanofiber scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.

The Spider Silk Effect

silica structure molecule SiO2

Spider silkNephila Clavipes,source of spider

silk gene

www.themegallery.comModel of spider silk protein processing into films and fibers and silicification reactions on the assembled materials.

The Spider Silk Effect

www.themegallery.comSEM images of silica composite materials that present on fusion protein.

Taking advantage of silk’s self-assembling properties, the researchers made films and fibres out of the resulting fusion proteins. The silica particles form in a narrow range of sizes of between just 0.5 and 2 microns in diameter, unlike their natural counterparts, which vary over a broader range from 0.5 to 10 microns, which coated the strands of silk and made them stiffer. The resulting silk-silica strands will be used to build stronger scaffolds.

The Spider Silk Effect

The Gecko Feet EffectGecko sticking at the wall

500 000 000 nanohair2 kg (theoretically)

Phot

o: M

. Moff

et

Geckos get a grip using Van-der-Waals-Geckos get a grip using Van-der-Waals-forcesforces

The Gecko Feet Effect

The Gecko toe has 500The Gecko toe has 500 000 000 microhairs (setae)microhairs (setae)

The seta has 1The seta has 1 000 nanohairs000 nanohairs

Technical surface 1

Technical surface 2

Microhair

Nanohairs !

Technical surface

Adhesion effect Adhesion effect through through

Van-der-Waals-forcesVan-der-Waals-forces

Small contact areaSmall contact area small adhesion forcesmall adhesion force

Large contact areaLarge contact area large adhesion forcelarge adhesion force

Contact area

The Gecko Feet Effect

Gecko-Tape

The Gecko Feet Effect

Synthetic Gecko hairsSynthetic Gecko hairsnecessary for spider man necessary for spider man

(New Scientist 15. 05. 2003)

The Gecko Feet Effect

Gao, X. F. & Jiang, L. Water-repellent legs of water striders. Nature 432, 36 (2004).

The Water Strider EffectThe Water Strider Effect

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Water strider

Nano-grooves

200 nm20 μmXuefeng Gao & Lei Jiang, Beijing

The Water Strider EffectThe Water Strider Effect

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Robostrider

B. Chan, D. Hu

Development of an Development of an artificial water artificial water striderstrider

The Water Strider EffectThe Water Strider Effect

www.themegallery.comThe water spider never gets wet

The Water Spider EffectThe Water Spider Effect

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10 m

The hair of water spider, a model for a new waterproof suit

The Water Spider EffectThe Water Spider Effect

http://bigthink.com/Brave-Green-World/biomimicry-butterfly-wings-could-inspire-next-gen-solar-powerhttp://www.asknature.org/strategy/1d00d97a206855365c038d57832ebafa

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ReferencesReferencesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601096103) (Novel nanocomposites from spider silk–silica fusion (chimeric) proteins)http://www.newscientisttechnology.com/article/mg18925376.200http://www.newscientisttechnology.com/article/mg18524835.000http://www.newscientisttechnology.com/article/mg17924072.600http://www.eng.uab.edu/polymers/Files/Multifunctional%20Polymer%20Tissue.pdf http://www.brightminds.uq.edu.au/teachers/resources/downloads/Grondahl_Frontiers_2005.pdf http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/Spiders/Info/spindraad.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1527052&dopt=Abstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15556872&dopt=Abstracthttp://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/biophysj.106.089144v1www.bionik.tu-berlin.de

Practical GroupPractical Group4 students4 students

Presentation groupPresentation group4 students4 students

Home Work-Prof. Richard P. Feynman