muscle action and reflexes: motor unit and control, reflex ... · 1. motor unit and muscle action -...
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1. Motor unit and muscle action
- motor unit
- organization of muscles
- regulation of muscle contraction
- motor end plate
- muscle spindle
2. Basic motoric pathways
- stretch reflex
- flexion-withdrawal reflex
- modification of reflexes
Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and
control, reflex pathways
Motor
Output
(muscles)
Integration
(Interneurons)
Motor unit and control
Agrin KO:
- no correct innervation
- no postsynaptic differentiation
Mutual communication (nach Ruegg & Bixby, Trends Neurosci.
21:22-27(1998))
Regulation of synaptogenesis
(Julien, Trends Cell Biol. 7:243(1997))
Amyotrophic lateralsclerosis
(ALS)
(motor neuron disease)
Divorce?
1800s: Stimulation of Nervus vagus
decreases frequency of heart beat
1920s: soluble factor is released by
Nervus vagus, which slows down
heart beat (Otto Loewi)
Acetylcholin: „Vagusstoff“ released by the Nervus
vagus
First confirmation of chemical synaptic
transmission and discovery of first
neurotransmitter
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