muscle action and reflexes: motor unit and control, reflex ... · 1. motor unit and muscle action -...

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1. Motor unit and muscle action - motor unit - organization of muscles - regulation of muscle contraction - motor end plate - muscle spindle 2. Basic motoric pathways - stretch reflex - flexion-withdrawal reflex - modification of reflexes Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and control, reflex pathways

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Page 1: Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and control, reflex ... · 1. Motor unit and muscle action - motor unit - organization of muscles - regulation of muscle contraction - motor

1. Motor unit and muscle action

- motor unit

- organization of muscles

- regulation of muscle contraction

- motor end plate

- muscle spindle

2. Basic motoric pathways

- stretch reflex

- flexion-withdrawal reflex

- modification of reflexes

Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and

control, reflex pathways

Page 2: Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and control, reflex ... · 1. Motor unit and muscle action - motor unit - organization of muscles - regulation of muscle contraction - motor

Motor

Output

(muscles)

Integration

(Interneurons)

Motor unit and control

Page 3: Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and control, reflex ... · 1. Motor unit and muscle action - motor unit - organization of muscles - regulation of muscle contraction - motor

Page 4: Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and control, reflex ... · 1. Motor unit and muscle action - motor unit - organization of muscles - regulation of muscle contraction - motor

Agrin KO:

- no correct innervation

- no postsynaptic differentiation

Mutual communication (nach Ruegg & Bixby, Trends Neurosci.

21:22-27(1998))

Regulation of synaptogenesis

Page 5: Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and control, reflex ... · 1. Motor unit and muscle action - motor unit - organization of muscles - regulation of muscle contraction - motor

(Julien, Trends Cell Biol. 7:243(1997))

Amyotrophic lateralsclerosis

(ALS)

(motor neuron disease)

Divorce?

Page 6: Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and control, reflex ... · 1. Motor unit and muscle action - motor unit - organization of muscles - regulation of muscle contraction - motor

1800s: Stimulation of Nervus vagus

decreases frequency of heart beat

1920s: soluble factor is released by

Nervus vagus, which slows down

heart beat (Otto Loewi)

Acetylcholin: „Vagusstoff“ released by the Nervus

vagus

First confirmation of chemical synaptic

transmission and discovery of first

neurotransmitter

Modulation Muscle Motor Response and Wake Time

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Nucleus Muscle fiber Endomysium Striationstycmhoffman.com/commonfiles/bio201/Ch11MuscleTissue1.pdf · Neuromuscular junction Skeletal muscle fibers Spinal cord Motor neuron 1 Motor

Dr Thouraya. Motor Unit Consists of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates. When an action potential occurs in a motor neuron, all

Skeletal & Muscle Unit

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Muscle unit blog

Motor Systems. Motor Unit Motoneuron + muscle fibers it innervates Range in size from a few muscle fibers (e.g. extraocular muscles) To hundreds of

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE. Motor Unit A motor unit consists of a somatic motor neuron plus all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates

2217 – Motor system Somatic – striated muscle Autonomic – smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Fig. 50-30 Spinal cord Motor neuron cell body Motor neuron axon Nerve Muscle Muscle fibers Synaptic terminals Tendon Motor unit 1 Motor unit 2 All motor

Parameters to quantify · 1 STÅLBERG 2 normal motor units STÅLBERG Reinnervated motor unit STÅLBERG Myopathy • Muscle membrane function - spontaneous • Muscle fibre characteristics;

Motor Unit Recruitment and the Gradation of Muscle Force...Motor unit recruitment and the gradation of muscle force. Phys Ther. 1993;73: 830-843.1 Key Words: Force gradation, Motor

ESS 303 – Biomechanics The Neurological System. Motor Units A motor nerve and ALL the muscle fibers (cells) it innervates All or nothing – force and unit

Chapter 11 •Skeletal muscle - Suffolk County … 11 Muscle Tissue 2 ... muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single ... –delays muscle fatigue so contraction can be sustained

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Muscle action and reflexes: Motor unit and control, reflex