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M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by:
AIILSG Pune
Prepared For:
Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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Final Report
Solid Waste Management
Detailed Project Report
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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CONTENTS 1 Project Background .................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Solid Waste Management .................................................................................................. 9
1.2 Problems Due To Solid Waste ........................................................................................... 10
1.3 Current Status of SWM in India ........................................................................................ 10
1.4 Initiatives to Improve SWM in India.................................................................................. 10
1.5 Project Background & Objectives ..................................................................................... 14
1.6 Scope of Study ................................................................................................................. 15
1.7 Report Overview .............................................................................................................. 16
1.8 Work Done in this Study ................................................................................................... 17
1.9 Structure of the Report .................................................................................................... 18
2 City Profile ............................................................................................................................... 20
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 20
2.2 Geography ....................................................................................................................... 20
2.3 Regional Settings .............................................................................................................. 21
2.4 History and Tourism ......................................................................................................... 21
2.5 Population of the city ....................................................................................................... 22
2.6 Ward Wise Population of Year 2011 ................................................................................. 25
2.7 Slums and Urban Poor ...................................................................................................... 27
2.8 Slum Population ............................................................................................................... 27
2.9 Floating Population .......................................................................................................... 27
2.10 Brief Information of the town .......................................................................................... 27
2.11 Climatology ...................................................................................................................... 28
2.12 Administrative Setup ........................................................................................................ 30
3 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................................ 31
3.1 The present scenario of SWM system in Kalghatgi ............................................................ 31
3.2 Population Projection ....................................................................................................... 32
3.3 Solid waste generation Projection .................................................................................... 33
3.4 Waste Collection .............................................................................................................. 34
3.5 Segregation ...................................................................................................................... 34
3.6 Street Sweeping ............................................................................................................... 35
3.7 Tools Used ....................................................................................................................... 35
3.8 Transportation of wastes ................................................................................................. 35
3.9 Processing and Disposal of Wastes ................................................................................... 36
3.10 Staff involved in SWM ...................................................................................................... 38
3.11 Municipal Solid Waste Composition ................................................................................. 38
3.12 Segregation of recyclables wastes .................................................................................... 41
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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3.13 Present expenditure on Solid Waste Management ........................................................... 41
4 Issues and Gaps of MSW Management .................................................................................... 43
4.1 Gaps and issues in Kalghatgi ............................................................................................. 43
5 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM ............................................................................... 44
5.1 Concept Overview of Waste Management Proposed ........................................................ 44
5.2 Proposed Waste Flow Processes ...................................................................................... 47
5.3 Storage of Waste at Source .............................................................................................. 49
5.4 Segregation of Waste at Source ....................................................................................... 49
5.5 Door to Door Collection and routing plan ......................................................................... 50
5.6 Biomedical Waste ............................................................................................................ 54
5.7 Dry Waste and E-waste Collection Centre ......................................................................... 54
5.8 Construction and Demolition waste ................................................................................. 57
5.9 Zero Waste Management ................................................................................................. 57
6 Solid Waste Management: Landfill Site .................................................................................... 59
6.1 Technology Selection ....................................................................................................... 59
6.2 Aerobic Composting ......................................................................................................... 60
6.3 Processing Decomposed Garbage..................................................................................... 64
6.4 Proposed Infrastructure at Landfill Site ............................................................................ 64
6.5 Design of recommended processing and disposal options ................................................ 67
7 Design of Landfill ..................................................................................................................... 76
7.1 Design and Development of Sanitary Landfill Facility ........................................................ 76
7.2 Bio Remediation at previous engineering site ................................................................... 77
7.3 Leachate from Landfill ...................................................................................................... 88
7.4 Material Specifications for Sanitary Landfill ...................................................................... 90
7.5 Operation Plan of Sanitary Landfill ................................................................................... 93
8 Institutional Aspects and Capacity Building ............................................................................ 105
8.1 Decentralization of Administration ................................................................................. 105
8.2 Delegation of Powers ..................................................................................................... 106
8.3 Work Norms................................................................................................................... 106
8.4 Induction of Environmental/Public Health Engineers ...................................................... 108
8.5 Human Resource Development ...................................................................................... 109
8.6 The Entire Administration of SWM Department to Be Under One Umbrella ................... 111
8.7 Inter Departmental Co-Ordination ................................................................................. 112
8.8 Encouragement to NGO’S and Waste Collector Co-Operatives ....................................... 112
8.9 Public Awareness ........................................................................................................... 114
9 Summary of financial requirement ......................................................................................... 123
9.1 Requirement of Capital Cost ........................................................................................... 123
9.2 Funding Pattern ............................................................................................................. 124
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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9.3 Detailed BOQ and Estimates........................................................................................... 125
9.4 Requirement of Operation and Maintenance Cost ......................................................... 150
9.5 Revenue from sale of compost & User Charges .............................................................. 151
9.6 Financing of O&M expenses ........................................................................................... 152
9.7 Breakup of Financial Aspect ........................................................................................... 153
Annexure 1. Legal Aspects .................................................................................................. 154
Annexure 2. Solid Waste Chemical Analysis ........................................................................ 163
Annexure 3. Survey Analysis ............................................................................................... 164
Annexure 4. Existing and Proposed Route Map for Collection and Transport Vehicles......... 171
Annexure 5. Designs for proposed Waste Processing facility ............................................... 172
Annexure 6. Machine, Equipment and Vehicle Specifications .............................................. 173
Machine and Equipment Specifications ..................................................................................... 173
Vehicle Specifications – ............................................................................................................. 183
Annexure 7. Normative Standards for Municipal Solid Waste Management ........................ 184
Annexure 8. Office Memorandum for GOI share ................................................................. 186
Annexure 9. Minimum Wages Act GOK 2017 ...................................................................... 187
Annexure 10. Quotations .................................................................................................... 189
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Geographical Location of Kalghatgi ................................................................................. 20
Figure 2 : Graph showing demographic characteristics .................................................................... 23
Figure 3 : Graph showing Religion wise population distribution ....................................................... 23
Figure 5 : Graph showing percentage of working population ........................................................... 24
Figure 2-2 Ward Map ....................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 8 : Graph showing Temperature and Rainfall Variation for a year in Kalaghatagi ................... 29
Figure 9 : Graph showing Temperature variation for a year in Kalaghatagi ....................................... 29
Figure 2 : Administrative setup of Kalaghatagi Town Panchayat ....................................................... 30
Figure 3-1 Population projections for the ULB ................................................................................. 33
Figure 3-2 Contour Map of Existing Landfill site ............................................................................... 37
Figure 3-3 Physical Composition of MSW ......................................................................................... 39
Figure 5-1 Proposed Waste Flowchart for Kalghatgi. Source - Toolkit for MSWM, MoUD ................. 48
Figure 6-2 Proposed Landfill Design ................................................................................................. 62
Figure 6-3Details of Different Layers in Recharge Pit ........................................................................ 67
Figure 6-6 Waste Process Flow Chart ............................................................................................... 74
Figure 7-1 Options for treatment of Existing MSW Dump on the Site ............................................... 77
Figure 7-2 Line Placement at edges of Landfill ................................................................................. 80
Figure 7-3 Line Placement at edges of Landfill ................................................................................. 80
Figure 7-4 Placement of the HDPE Liner over the Clay Liner ............................................................. 80
Figure 7-5 Placement of the Gravel Drainage Layer and Geotextile over the Clay Liner .................... 81
Figure 7-6 Leachate Collection Pipes are to be connected to a sump through the Liner ................... 81
Figure 7-7: Welding of HDPE Geomembrane ................................................................................... 82
Figure 7-8 Bottom and Side Liner System ......................................................................................... 82
Figure 7-9 Schematic Diagram showing Placement of rectangular slots in Leachate Collection Pipe . 83
Figure 7-10 Welding of Leachate Pipes ............................................................................................ 83
Figure 7-11 Support of Leachate Pipes ............................................................................................. 85
Figure 7-12 Top Liner System ........................................................................................................... 87
Figure 7-13 Phytorid Treatment ....................................................................................................... 89
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Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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List of Tables
Table 1-1: Indicative Plans for Municipal Solid Waste Management ................................................. 14
Table 2-1 Population of Kalghatgi .................................................................................................... 22
Table 2-2 Ward Wise Households Year of 2011 (as per census) ...................................................... 25
Table 2-2 Slum Settlements ............................................................................................................. 27
Table 2-3 Slum Settlements (Source - Census 2011) ......................................................................... 27
Table 2-6 Information of Town ........................................................................................................ 27
Table 3-1 Waste generation estimation ........................................................................................... 31
Table 3-2: Ward wise Waste Generation .......................................................................................... 31
Table 3-3 Population Projection ....................................................................................................... 32
Table 3-4 Estimated solid waste generation in future ..................................................................... 33
Table 3-5Frequency for street sweeping .......................................................................................... 35
Table 3-3 MSW transportation vehicles .......................................................................................... 35
Table 3-4 Staff for MSWM ............................................................................................................... 38
Table 3-5 Physical composition of waste in Percentage ................................................................... 39
Table 3-6 Composition of Indian Waste as per CPHEEO Manual ....................................................... 40
Table 3-7 Chemical Composition of MSW in percentage .................................................................. 40
Table 3-8 Composition of Indian Waste as per CPHEEO Manual ....................................................... 41
Table 3-7 Expenditure & Revenue of existing solid waste management .......................................... 41
Table 5-1 Optimized Route Microplan ............................................................................................. 51
Table 5-2 Details of personal protective equipments ....................................................................... 53
Table 5-3 Vehicles for collection & transport .................................................................................. 54
Table 6-1Details of Landfill Layout ................................................................................................... 61
Table 6-1 Details of Common Facilities proposed at site .................................................................. 63
Table 6-2 Details of Structures Proposed ......................................................................................... 63
Table 6-3 Process Flow Table ........................................................................................................... 72
Table 7-1 Design Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill Site ................................................................... 76
Table 7-2 Area at Landfill Site after Bioremediation and Segregation ............................................... 77
Table 7-3 Percentage Recovery of Recyclable Waste ....................................................................... 78
Table 7-4 Leachate Generation Estimation ...................................................................................... 88
Table 8-1 Existing and Required Manpower for Collection and Transport ...................................... 109
Table 8-3: Training Requirement for Municipal Workers ................................................................ 111
Table 8-3: Action Plan for target groups......................................................................................... 121
Table 9-1 Cost Estimate for proposed vehicles, Equipment and machinery .................................... 123
Table 9-2: Estimated Budget expenditure ...................................................................................... 124
Table 11-1: Requirement of O and M ............................................................................................. 150
Table 9-4: Proposed user charges .................................................................................................. 151
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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ABBREVIATIONS
ADP Annual Development Plan KM Kilo Meter
AIILSG All India Institute of Local Self Government LS Lump Sum
APL Above Poverty Line M Municipality
ATR Action taken Report M & E Monitoring & Evaluation
BPL Below Poverty Line M3 Cubic Meter
CAA Constitutional Amendment Act MIC Mayor in Council
CBO Community Based Organizations MIS Municipal Information System
CDP City Development Plan MLD Million Liters per Day
CDS Community Development Society LPCD Liters per capita per day
CII Confederation of Indian Industries WRD Water Resource Department (GoK)
CMO Chief Municipal Officer KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environment
Engineering Organization MSW Municipal solid Waste
DCHB District Census Handbook NGO Non Government Organization
DDP Draft Development Plan NH National Highway
DFID Department of International Development NP Nagar Parishad
DLB Directorate of Local Bodies NSDP National Slum Development Policy
DM District Magistrate O & M Operation & Maintenance
DoE Department of Environment OG Outer Growth
DoHFW Department of Health and Family Welfare OHT Over Head Tank
EPCO Environmental Planning and Coordination
Organization OSD Open Sewerage Disposal
EWS Economically Weaker Sections PHED Public health Engineering Department
GIS Geographical Information System PPH Persons per Hectare
GoI Government of India PPP Public Private Partnership
GoK Government of Karnataka PRA Participatory Rapid Assessment
GSR Ground Structure Reservoir PWD Public Work Department
H&ED Housing and Environment Department SH State Highway
HUDCO Housing and Urban Development
Corporation Ltd SWM Solid Waste Management
INTACH Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural
Heritage ULB Urban Local Body
JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission TCPO
Town and Country Planning
Organization
KL Kilo liter UADD Urban Administration and Development
Department
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
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Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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AIILSG TEAM
Name Degree / Experience Position Held in AIILSG
Mr. Ashish Deosthali B.E Civil, M.E in Environment Engineer Director General
Mr. Ajay Agrawal B.Arch, Dip. Planning Executive Director, PRUDA -
AIILSG
Mr. Harsh Padhya B.E. Environment, M.Plan
(Environmental Planning)
Project Officer, PRUDA -
AIILSG
Ms. Tubai Choudhury B.Arch, M.Plan (Urban and
Regional Planning)
Project Associate, AIILSG
Dr. AbhijeetKhandage Ph.D. Geology GIS Consultant
Mr. SushilSapakale DCE GIS Consultant
Mr. Nikhil Vaiude B. Arch, M. Plan (Environmental
Planning)
Associate Project Director
Mr. Gajanan Deshpande B.A.M.S, M.Sc. (Habitat Policy and
Practice)
Programme Officer
CA Tushar Shah Chartered Accountant Municipal Finance Specialist
Mr. AniruddhaPadale Master of Social Work (MSW), Social Development Expert
Mr. MandarAntrolikar B.Sc., Diploma in GIS Assistant Director
Ms. AnuradhaAmbekar B. Sc. Microbiology, PG Diploma in
Urban Planning and Development
(pursuing)
Programme Officer
Mrs. PriyaKapole M.sc Environmental Science Programme Officer
Ms. Sayali B Ghogare B. Arch, M. Tech (Town Planning) Programme Officer
Mrs. MonaliKachale B.E Civil Programme Officer
Ms. RanjanaShedage M.A. Geography,
M.Sc.Geoinformatics
Programme Officer, GIS
Mr. Gaurav Pawar M.Tech. Civil Environment Programme Officer
Mr. OnkarPatil B.E. Environment Programme Officer
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Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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1 Project Background
Waste disposal is one of the major problems being faced over the world and India is no
exception. Management of Solid Waste, though an essential service, is given low priority.
This, coupled with lack of financial resources, institutional weaknesses, improper choice of
technology & rapid urbanization, whose ramifications are more pronounced with
uncontrolled growth rate of population, has made this service far from satisfactory, thus
creating serious environmental and health problems.
1.1 Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an organized process of storage, collection,
transportation, processing, and disposal of solid refuse residuals in an engineered sanitary
landfill. It is an integrated process comprising several collection methods, varied
transportation equipment, storage, recovery mechanisms for recyclable material, reduction
of waste volume, and quantity by methods such as composting; refuse derived fuel (RDF),
waste-to-energy, and disposal in a designated engineered sanitary landfill.
The selection of a suitable SWM process is driven by the source and quality of waste
produced. Solid waste is generated from a number of sources which include households
(kitchen and yard), commercial areas (shops, hotels and restaurants), industries (raw
material and packaging), institutions (schools, hospitals and offices), construction and
demolition sites, wild and domesticated animals (carcasses of dead animals, manure), parks
(fallen branches, leaves from trees), and streets (sand, silt, clay, concrete, bricks, asphalt,
residues from air deposition, and dust).
Collection
Transportation
Recovery
Recycling / Disposal
Analysis
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1.2 Problems Due To Sol id Waste
Accumulation of solid waste in open areas is an eyesore, diminishing real estate and
property value, a breeding ground for insects, and other vectors (rats and mice, wild and
domesticated animals). It also causes odour nuisance, reflects the unorganized nature of the
community, and creates a poor environment for growing children.
Improper and unorganized disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in open areas and
landfills have a negative impact on the living conditions of human beings as well as the
overall environment. It results in spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases
among human beings and animals, thus affecting the welfare, livelihood, and economic
productivity. In addition, it causes contamination of soil, surface water, ground water and
generation of toxic and greenhouse gases. However, using adequate information, resources,
and efficient management practices, one can turn solid waste into a useful resource.
1.3 Current Status of SWM in India
Management of Solid Wastes is of growing concern to the general public at large, local
authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is
exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an
economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and, hence, wastes generation.
As per Census 2011, the urban population accounts for 31.16 percent of the total Indian
population.
The Local Governing Bodies (LGBs), viz. municipalities and Municipal Councils, are
responsible for providing SWM services in the urban areas. In most of the urban areas,
insufficient funds, use of obsolete/ inefficient technologies, lack of public
awareness/training, and improper infrastructure have resulted in a state of poor SWM.
1.4 Initiatives to Improve SWM in India
In recent years, the Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve existing
SWM practices in the country. Some of the key initiatives and recommendations are
discussed below:
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Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
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1.4.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, published
“Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2016” (MSW Rules 2016). These
rules were developed in conformance with Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment
Protection Act, 1986 and aim at standardization and enforcement of SWM practices in the
urban sector. They dictate that, “Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area
of the municipality, be responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules
and infrastructure development for collection, storage segregation, transportation,
processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes”. In addition, “the CPCB shall coordinate
with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in the
matters of MSW disposal and its management and handling”.
1.4.2 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is a notable initiative
undertaken by Government of India. JNNURM provides funding for urban infrastructure
development in 67 cities and towns of the country. This mission was initiated in 2006 and is
slated to continue until 2011.
1.4.3 Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium
Towns
The primary objective of this scheme is to improve the urban infrastructure in towns and
cities in a planned manner and to promote public–private partnership (PPP) in infrastructure
development. This scheme was introduced in the year 2005-06 and will continue for seven
years. This scheme is applicable to all cities/towns as per 2001 census, except the
cities/towns covered under the JNNURM. One of the components of this scheme is to renew
the old sewerage and solid waste disposal systems in inner (old) areas.
1.4.4 Swachh Bharat Mission
Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched on 2nd of October, 2014 with a vision to
achieve a clean India as a tribute to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, on his 150th
birth anniversary, in 2019. SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban
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Development (M/o UD) and by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (M/o DWS) for
urban and rural areas with a given set of guidelines for improved sanitary services and
capacity building initiatives.
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) a major component of the SBM (urban)-
“refers to a systematic process that comprises of waste segregation and storage at source,
primary collection, secondary storage, transportation, secondary segregation, resource
recovery, processing, treatment, and final disposal of solid waste.”
Under the provisions of SWM, the local bodies are to prepare Detailed Project Reports in
consultation with the state government based on the identified needs of the City Sanitation
Plans. Provision also mentions clustering of smaller cities for attracting Private investment.
The DPRs should be prepared in lines with Govt. of India’s goals outlined in the NUSP 2008,
SWM rules, advisories, CPHEEO manuals (including cost recovery mechanisms), O&M
practices and Service-level Benchmark advisories released by M/o UD and Manual on
Municipal Solid Waste Management, 2016.
States will contribute a minimum of 25% funds for SWM projects to match 75% Central
Share (10% in the case of North East States and special category states). 80% of the urban
population to be covered by SWM services (allowing for a 2% increase year on year)
covering all statutory towns. 1 Central government Grant / VGF may also be used to
promote projects of waste to energy.
1.4.5 Finance Commission Recommendations
Constituted by the President of India, under Article 280 of the constitution, the Finance
Commission is to recommend on distribution of central tax revenues between the Union
and the States. Supporting Local bodies through grant, subsequent to the passage of the
73rd and 74th constitutional amendments was first time announced in the 10th Finance
Commission for providing basic services at the grassroots level and strengthening
decentralization.
The 13th Finance Commission has recommended two categories of Grants to Local Bodies
namely (1) General Basic Grant and (2) General Performance Grant. The Basic Grants will be
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released on furnishing the U.Cs for the last releases and the General Performance Grant will
be released on fulfilment of nine conditions by the State Government. Performance-related
funds under the 13th Finance Commission have been linked to improvements in SLBs
including SWM.
Further, in 2009, MoUD initiated Service Level Benchmarking (SLB) with respect to basic
municipal services including solid waste management. SLB has been introduced in 30 states
and across 1700 ULBs. Performance-related funds under the 13th Finance Commission have
been linked to improvements in SLBs including SWM. The 13th Finance Commission also
recommends that of all grants to be given to the ULBs, 50% should be for SWM (2010-
2015). Moreover, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has funded five Waste-to-
Energy plants for utilization of MSW. The grant recommended to ULBs in Andhra Pradesh is
Rs. 1919.20 crores for the XIII FC period of 2010- 2015. Under such grant every local body is
mandated preparing an Annual Development Plan where in the component integrated solid
waste management under PPP mode (excluding purchase of equipment for collection and
transport of garbage) is to be incorporated.
1.4.6 National Green Tribunal Recommendations
CPCB has framed and notified the “Action Plan for Management of Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW)” in compliance with the National Green Tribunal order dated 5th Feb-2015 in the
matter of OA No. 199 of 2014. The Action Plan emphasizes on strengthening the planning
exercise at national, state as well as city level by improvising through the waste
management value chain. In addition to that, The Plan suggested the concept of regional
cluster approach as well as technology options on the basis of quantum of MSW generation
which has been re-produced below in nutshell.
The Regional Cluster approach is based on the concept of discouraging setting up of
individual waste processing and disposal facilities leading to mushrooming of innumerable
facilities which are difficult to monitor and sustain. The approach requires a detailed survey
of the study area and identification of location for regional facility with adequate size of land
free from public objections. An indicative distance of say up to 50 km for each local body
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may be feasible based on local condition, fixing of criteria by the local body to transport the
waste for common disposal point without causing public nuisance and traffic hurdles.
However, alternate options can be worked out for smaller local bodies. Common facility
should be ‘integrated’ with facilities for sorting, compost, RDF and energy plant and
followed by inert recycling/re-use. Only a fraction of inert waste should go for land-filling.
The Action Plan has outlined indicative plan based on the quantum of waste generated in
the cluster. The indicative plans have been given for towns in four ranges of waste
generation.
Table 1-1: Indicative Plans for Municipal Solid Waste Management
Range Plan
>500 TPD
Modernization/ mechanization of waste storage and transportation facilities
Privatization/ contract with ‘operators’ for collection of waste from various sources and
its transportation
Seeking support of Private entrepreneurship in setting up of waste processing and
disposal facility
Between
100-500
TPD
Modernization/ mechanization of waste storage and transportation facilities
Privatization/ contract with ‘operators’ for collection of waste from various sources and
its transportation
Seeking support of Private entrepreneurship in setting up of waste processing and
disposal facility
Less than
100 TPD
Proper system for waste collection, storage and transportation considering the local
situation
Aerobic composting ·Such towns can be the member of Cluster/Regional facility
Less than
50 TPD
Technological solutions which could be managed without high skill operations ·Proper
collection of waste and motivating citizens for segregation of waste.
Composting.
1.5 Project Background & Objectives
There is a need to enhance the existing MSWM system for Town Panchayath (TP) and thus
improve the health and living standards of its residents. The purpose of this project is to
identify the existing MSWM practices within the town, recognize deficiencies/gaps in the
present system and propose a comprehensive plan for MSWM including segregation,
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collection, and transportation and regional/cluster approach for processing & scientific
disposal in Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility in compliance with the
MSW Rules 2016. In addition, analyze options for waste processing for effective and
scientific management of MSW generated.
1.6 Scope of Study
Realistic assessment of quantity, Characterization and classification of MSW
Detailed survey of the prevailing conditions
Situation/Gap Analysis of the existing condition with respect to MSW Rules, 2016
Detailed planning for resource requirement & implementation strategy
Design of MSW management system viz. Collection System (Primary/ Secondary) ,
Transportation & Fleet Management Plan, waste processing system and sanitary
landfill in accordance with MSW Rules 2016 & CPHEEO Manual, Govt. of India
Techno economic and environmental analysis of various options for MSWM
Preparation of conceptual and detailed drawings
Preparation of Bill of Quantities (BOQs)
Capital and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost estimates
Identification and formation of the clusters on the basis of geographical locations
MSW management model including privatization aspects
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
The deliverables will ultimately achieve the following goals:
100% source segregation of wet & dry waste
Primary collection of waste
Secondary collection and transportation of waste
Creating and sustaining a supply chain for recycled waste
Streamlining and optimization of transportation system
Analysis for the need of transfer station and its basic design
Innovative processes and their enforcement for making the habitations litter free,
bin free and dump free to prevent the health hazard.
Options for processing the biodegradable waste
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Feasibility study for the exploration of waste to power on the basis of cluster
approach
Options for using the inert material like construction & demolition material
Reclamation and bio-mining of old dump sites
Innovative incentive structure to the operating personnel for motivation
Financial model and institutional framework
Measures for the involvement of all stakeholders
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign models and enforcement
plans
1.7 Report Overview
The Kalaghatgi Town Panchayath (TP) is looking for improving efficiencies in solid waste
management (SWM) practices focusing on improving efficiency of collection, transportation
and processing of the municipal waste generated in the town. This report brings out the
present situation of solid waste management at Kalaghatgi and the proposals to improve
the same.
The project activity aims at
Establishing effective waste collection mechanism with a view point to collect more
than 90% of the solid waste generated in the municipal area.
Conducting efficient waste transportation mechanism to be able to carry out 100 %
of the collected waste.
Processing and recycling of the Municipal Solid Waste.
Environmental consciousness and job creation for the local youth.
The broad scope of work for the project includes development of technical and
economically viable solid waste management plan along with the design of collection,
transportation, treatment disposal infrastructure. The outline of scope of work for the
overall project includes the following activities.
a. Collection & compilation of data
b. Interaction with ULB, local stakeholders and obtaining preliminary information
c. Submission of draft DPR
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d. Presentation of the plans and receiving comments and inputs.
e. Submission of final DPR
The structure of the detailed project report has been detailed in the next section.
1.8 Work Done in this Study
To draft the detailed project report for Kalaghatgi, The following sets of activities have been
done by All India Institute of Local Self Government.
1.8.1 Field visits and data collection
A team of consultants from All India Institute of Local Self Government had visited the town.
The team visited various parts of the town to understand the existing infrastructure and
SWM mechanism in the town. The team interacted with various stake holders of SWM
system.
1.8.2 Primary data collection undertaken
Primary data collected for preparation of this report includes the following key features
Average waste generated by key waste generators in Kalaghatgi,
Physical character of the waste disposed at Kalaghatgi,
Quantity of the waste collected and transported to the landfill
Type of roads swept daily, twice a week and once in a week
Average length of street swept by each SWM staff.
Waste movement mechanism in the town.
Location of secondary bins for waste collection
Approximate estimation of open points in the town.
Survey on commercial establishments of the town in all wards
1.8.3 Secondary Data Collection & Assessment
Secondary data required for the report like existing ward wise population of the town,
weather information, standard average quantity of waste generated per waste generator,
area of the town, total population of town in the past, other reports on SWM were gathered
from various sources. A review of the available documents about Kalaghatgi and the
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previous studies on solid waste management systems in Kalaghatgi was done. The gathered
data was compiled as per the requirement of DPR.
1.8.4 Design and report preparation:
Using the data collected by the primary resources, secondary resources and interaction with
stake holders and TP staff a collection, transport DPR is prepared. The DPR has considered
the future population growth and prospective increased growth in the town. A detailed cost
estimation and financial sustainability analysis has been done and presented in the report.
All the designs and estimates are provided along with the report as annexure.
1.8.5 Review process
The draft report, cost estimates, designs and drawings were submitted to TP for review. This
final DPR document has been prepared by incorporating all the suggestions, comments and
inputs of TP. The TP shall further review the report, seek the state government clearance as
required and the final report would be drafted to meet the requirements of using the
document for implementation.
1.9 Structure of the Report
Chapter Heading Contents
1 Introduction The chapter provides and introduction to study, the terms of
reference, study methodology and outline of the study.
2 Town Profile The Town profile brings out the nature and details of the town.
The demography, importance, climate and structure of the town
are brought out.
3 Present SWM
scenario in
Kalaghatgi
The existing waste management systems in the town in
presented. The waste assessment undertaken is presented. The
strengths and lacunae of the systems are brought out to enable
further planning.
4 Issues & Gaps in
Present SWM
Gaps in present system of Solid Waste Management
5 Proposed SWM The proposed efficient plan for waste management in the Town.
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Chapter Heading Contents
Action plan for
Kalaghatgi
6 Proposed
Processing Facility
This provides detailed design for Operations and working of
Compost Plant
7 Land fill Site This provides detailed design for Operations of Landfill Site
8 Institutional
Aspects & Capacity
Building & Public
Awareness
The team for solid waste management, the institutional structure
and the capacity building requirements are presented.
Information Education and Communication is a significant
component of the solid waste management process of a town. A
concept and operational schema for the public awareness
required has been presented in this chapter.
9 Summary of
Financial
Requirements
Detail BOQ, Final Summary for financial requirements of the
proposals is presented in this Chapter
Annexure List if Annexure includes Physical, Chemical Analysis Report for
Solid Waste Sample, Sample Description for primary survey etc.
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2 City Profile
2.1 Introduction
Kalghatgi is a Panchayath and taluka in Dharwad district in Karnataka. Gram devi jatra is
famous in Kalghatgi and it is a oldest Taluka in Dharwad Dist. Surashettikoppa is a Famous
village of Kalghatgi where Shree Brahmalingeshwar God jatra will be held, which is Famous
in Karnataka.
2.2 Geography
Kalghatgi is located at 15.18°N 74.97°E. It has an average elevation of 536 metres
(1758 feet). Kalghatgi is located at 28 km from Hubli and 30 km from Dharwad. The
Kalghatgi town is located on National Highway 63 en route from Hubli to Ankola.
Figure 2-1 Geographical Location of Kalghatgi
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaghatagi)
Kalaghatagi is surrounded by Hlikatti and Tumarikoppatowards North, Belavantra towards
South, Kalakundi towards west, and Madkihonnihalli towards east .The distances (aerial) of
major towns and villages located near Kalaghatagi city are as follows:
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Hubli - 28.8 KM
Belgavi - 112.4 KM
Dharwad - 33.6 KM
2.3 Regional Settings
2.3.1 Connectivity
The major roads connecting Kalaghatagi town include Karnataka state highway SH46, which
starts near Mundgodu and ends at Anasi passing through Kalaghatagi, called as Kalaghatagi-Hallyal
road.Another state highway passing through Kalaghatagi is SH1, which runs between Padubidri and
Chikalgud.
The nearest railway station to Kalghatgi is Jawali which is located in and around 26.4 kilometer
distance. The following table shows other railway stations and its distance from Mamakudi.
Table 2: Table showing distances of nearby railway stations from Kalaghatagi
Jawali railway station 26.4 KM.
Unkal railway station 27.2 KM.
Hubli Jn railway station 27.7 KM.
Amargol railway station 29.2 KM.
Dharnaoda railway station 29.2 KM.
Kalghatagi‘s nearest airport is Hubli Airport situated at 23.6 KM distance. Few more airports
around Kalghatagi are as follows.
Table 3 : Table showing distances of nearby airports from Kalaghatagi
Hubli Airport 23.6 KM.
Belgaum Airport 84.8 KM.
Goa International Airport 91.7 KM.
2.4 History and Tourism
The Kalaghatagi town is influenced by the tourism at Tamboor. Tamboor is in Kalghatgi
Taluk, Dharwad District in North Karnataka, India. It is about 8 km from Kalghatagi. Tamboor
is a town about 11 km from Kalghatgi NH 63, 3 km from main road in Karnataka state, India.
Tamboor name came to village due to the huge availability of copper in earlier years.
Tamboor is located at Western Ghats. Thick forests here hold tigers, chital, elephant, sarang,
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cobra, and other wildlife. Other local areas of interest include Tamboor Lake, Satoo Shahid
Durga, Kali River, Anashi Reserve Forest, Supa Dam and Basavanna temple
Tamboor is an important center of pilgrimage for people of the Lingayat faith. The Temple
of Basavanna, one of the most revered saints of the Lingayat faith lies here. In the 12th
century, the Chalukyas and Gangas ruled there. The Tamboor jathre or congregations
attracts pilgrims from all over Karnataka as one of the major community or `panchamsali
lingayaths' are large number devoted here visiting regularly. Tamboor Basavanna temple is
situated 11 km from Kalghatgi, at the end of Devikoppa Forest.
2.5 Population of the city
As per census 2011 population of Kalghatgi town Panchayat is 16,917 and the population of
city was 14,680 in 2001. The Growth rate of the town is increased after 2001 and the town is
divided into 13 wards. Total geographical area of Kalghatgi town panchayat is 24 km2.
Population density of the city is 707 persons per km2.
Table 2-4 Population of Kalghatgi
Year Population Decadal Change
2001 14,680 -
2011 16,917 15.2 %
2.5.1 Demographics
The city is home to about 17 thousand people, among them 8528 (50%) are male and 8389
(50%) are female. 75% of the whole population are from general caste, 22% are from
schedule caste and 3% are schedule tribes. Child (aged under 6 years) population of
Kalghatgi town panchayat is 13%, among them 51% are boys and 49% are girls. There are
3561 households in the city and an average 5 persons live in every family.
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Figure 2 : Graph showing demographic characteristics
2.5.2 Population Distribution
Hindus contribute 75% of the total population and are the largest religious community in
the city followed by Muslims which contribute 19% of the total population and Jains are the
third largest religious community here with 4% population all other religious communities
contribute 2% of the total population. Female Sex ratio per 1000 male in Hindus are 996 in
Muslims are 934 and in Jains are 1012.
Figure 3 : Graph showing Religion wise population distribution
2.5.3 Growth of Population
Population of the city has increased by 15.2% in last 10 years. In 2001 census total
population here were about 15 thousand. Female population growth rate of the city is
16.6% which is 2.7% higher than male population growth rate of 13.9%. General caste
population has increased by 8.6%; Schedule caste population has increased by 41.9%;
16
,91
7
12
,62
3
3,7
73
52
1 2,1
38
8,5
28
6,3
60
1,9
27
24
1
1,0
82
8,3
89
6,2
63
1,8
46
28
0
1,0
56
T o t a l G e n e r a l S c h e d u l e C a s t e
S c h e d u l e T r i b e C h i l d
Demographics
Total Male Female
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Total Hindu Muslim Christian Sikh Jain Others Not Stated
Religion wise Population Distribution
Total Male Female
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Schedule Tribe population has increased by 30.6% and child population has decreased by -
2.2% in the city since last census.
2.5.4 Sex Ratio
As of 2011 census there are 984 females per 1000 male in the city. Sex ratio in general caste
is 985, in schedule caste is 958 and in schedule tribe is 1162. There are 976 girls under 6
years of age per 1000 boys of the same age in the city. Overall sex ratio in the city has
increased by 23 females per 1000 male during the years from 2001 to 2011. Child sex ratio
here has increased by 47 girls per 1000 boys during the same time.
2.5.5 Literacy Rate
Total about 12 thousand people in the city are literate, among them 6309 are male and
5385 are female. Literacy rate (children under 6 are excluded) of Kalghatgi is 79%. 85% of
male and 73% of female population are literate here. Overall literacy rate in the city has
increased by 7%. Male literacy has gone up by 5% and female literacy rate has gone up by
9%.
2.5.6 Workers Profile
Kalghatgi has 38% (6510) population engaged in either main or marginal works. 56% male
and 20% female population are working population. 55% of total male population are main
(full time) workers and 2% are marginal (part time) workers. For women 18% of total female
population are main and 2% are marginal workers.
Figure 4 : Graph showing percentage of working population
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Worker Main Worker Marginal Worker Non Worker
Percentage of Working Population
Total Male Female
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2.6 Ward Wise Population of Year 2011
Table 2-5 Ward Wise Households Year of 2011 (as per census)
Source: Census 2011
The Kalaghatagi town is sub divided into total 13 administrative wards. Amongst all, ward
number 5 is most populous ward with population of 2,295 people and ward number 6 is
least populous ward with population of 789 people.
Ward Number Population HH
Ward No. 1 1397 295
Ward No. 2 1141 215
Ward No. 3 1040 238
Ward No. 4 1762 317
Ward No. 5 2295 492
Ward No. 6 789 168
Ward No. 7 1272 266
Ward No. 8 1035 243
Ward No. 9 1243 270
Ward No. 10 1206 256
Ward No. 11 807 196
Ward No. 12 1715 356
Ward No. 13 1215 249
Total 16917 3561
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Figure 2-5 Ward Map
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2.7 Slums and Urban Poor
As per 2011 census data, there are 3 slum settlements in Kalghatgi Town Panchayath and all
three are notified slums.
2.8 Slum Population
As per 2011 Census data, there are 3 slum settlements in Kalghatgi, all of which are notified
and where about 439 families reside.
Table 2-6 Slum Settlements
Sr. No. Slum Name Notified No of Households Population
1 Kalghalgi Yes 150 814
2 Hulginaikatti Thanda Yes 140 667
3 Hulginakatti Yes 149 695
Total 439 2176
Source – Census 2011
Table 2-7 Slum Settlements (Source - Census 2011)
Particulars No’s
No. of slum settlements 3
Slum population 2176
Slum households 439
2.9 Floating Population
Total Floating Population of the Town is 931 which almost 5% of the total population.
2.10 Brief Information of the town
Table 2-8 Information of Town
S.No. Names Details
1 Type of the City or Town Kalghatgi town Panchayat
2 Area Coverage 22.92 Sq.km
3 No. of Wards 13
4 Population
(As per census)
2001- 14,680
2011- 16,917
5 Density 738 persons/ Sq.km
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(as per census, 2011)
6 No. of Households 3561
7 Floating Population 5920
8 Total length of Road
37.07 KM (A,B,C Type)
Cement concrete Road- 4 Km
Asphalt Road- 11 Km
Kutcha Road- 22 Km
9 Landfill site Area 4.0 acre
10 Waste generated per day 3 TPD
11 Slums and Urban Poor 3 (all notified)
12 Main tourist spot Tamboor Basavanna temple
2.11 Climatology
2.11.1 Climate Variations
Kalaghatagi has a tropical climate. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Kalaghatagi than in
summer. This location is classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. The temperature here
averages 25.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1142 mm. The driest month is January, with
0 mm of rainfall. With an average of 334 mm, the most precipitation falls in July. The
warmest month of the year is April, with an average temperature of 28.8 °C. December has
the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 23.0 °C. The difference in precipitation
between the driest month and the wettest month is 334 mm. During the year, the average
temperatures vary by 5.8 °C.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Avg. Temperature
(°C)
23.3 24.9 27.3 28.8 28.5 25.5 24.2 24.2 24.6 25.1 24.1 23
Min. Temperature
(°C)
16.4 17.7 20.2 22.2 22.7 21.9 21.3 21.1 20.7 20.3 18.5 16.6
Max. Temperature
(°C)
30.3 32.1 34.4 35.4 34.3 29.2 27.1 27.3 28.5 30 29.8 29.5
Precipitation / Rainfall (mm)
0 0 5 53 108 149 334 182 122 141 40 8
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Figure 6 : Graph showing Temperature and Rainfall Variation for a year in Kalaghatagi
Figure 7 : Graph showing Temperature variation for a year in Kalaghatagi
(Source: climate-data.org)
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2.12 Administrative Setup
Kalghatgi Town Panchayat has total administration over 3,561 houses to which it supplies
basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within Town
Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.
Figure 8 : Administrative setup of Kalaghatagi Town Panchayat
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3 Solid Waste Management
3.1 The present scenario of SWM system in Kalghatgi
3.1.1 Actual calculation of Solid Waste Generation
A detailed estimate of the solid waste generation has been carried out with a Sample
Survey. Based on the average waste generation by each category total waste generation is
estimated. Samples are selected from each category of waste generators such as
Households, Markets, Street Sweeping, parks and gardens etc. The following table shows
number of source and the waste generated in each source based on the waste estimation.
Table 3-1 Waste generation estimation
S. N. Waste Generators No of Generators
Avg. waste / day in Kg
Total waste(Kg)
Total
(Tonnes)
1 Household 3414 0.9 3072.6 3.07
2 Slums 504 0.7 352.8 0.35
3 Veg. Markets 2 280 560 0.56
4 Petty Shops 56 1.2 67.2 0.07
5 Institutions 2 1.8 3.6 0.004
6 Hotels 29 15 435 0.44
7 Marriage Halls 3 85 255 0.26
8 Street Sweeping 0.80
9 Construction and Drainage 0.20
10 Floating Population 5920 0.1 592 0.59
Total 6.35
3.1.2 Normative Waste generation
The major sources of generating waste in Kalghatgi are households, commercial establishments,
educational institutions, markets, hotels and street sweeping operations. To arrive at number of
waste generators in the city, data like ward wise population, slum and non slum households and
street lengths of all type of roads were obtained from secondary sources. Households are taken from
the census, street length from the TP. Major Markets were individually assessed by the survey team.
Table 3-2: Ward wise Waste Generation
Ward Number No of HH projected for yr 2017
Population Projected for Year 2017
Waste Generation in MT (Yr 2017 @350 gm/capita/day)
1 324 1537 0.54
2 264 1255 0.44
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Ward Number No of HH projected for yr 2017
Population Projected for Year 2017
Waste Generation in MT (Yr 2017 @350 gm/capita/day)
3 241 1144 0.40
4 408 1939 0.68
5 531 2525 0.88
6 183 868 0.30
7 295 1399 0.49
8 240 1139 0.40
9 288 1368 0.48
10 279 1327 0.46
11 187 888 0.31
12 397 1887 0.66
13 281 1337 0.47
Total 3918 18612 6.51
3.2 Population Projection
For the proposed Detailed Project Report, it is necessary that future population growth and
their requirements are estimated to understand the gaps and shortfall in meeting various
requirements. The planning horizon of 5 years (till 2021) has been considered and
population projections have been made for 25 years. The three methods are Arithmetic
method, Incremental Method and Geometric Progression Method have been used to
project the population for Kalghatgi and the projected figures are given below. The
Population Projection is presented table below.
Table 3-3 Population Projection
Year Arithmetic Incremental Geometric Average
2017 19455 17961 18420 18612
2022 21569 17976 19773 19773
2027 23684 17213 21227 20708
2032 25798 15673 22787 21419
2037 27913 13355 24461 21910
2042 30028 10259 26259 22182
Source: AIILSG Analysis
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Figure 3-1 Population projections for the ULB
Source: AIILSG Analysis
3.3 Solid waste generation Projection
In the present year 2017 estimated population of the Kalghatgi town is 18,612. Considering
the Solid Waste generation at the rate of 350 gm per capita per day the total waste
generated is 6.5 MT / day. The total waste generation as per generator based assessment
6.35 TPD. The estimated waste generation of 6.5 TPD in 2017 is adopted as a realistic waste
generation quantity for Kalghatgi. An average quantity of about 3 TPD of waste is collected
and disposed in the landfill site every day. The present collection and transportation
efficiency of MSW in Kalghatgi is calculated to be about 47%.
The waste generation would increase with increase in population and with growth in waste
generation rates. The population of the town would increase from 18,612 in 2011 to 19,773
in 2022 (project time frame). Hence as per MOUD norms the generation of waste in the
future years is calculated at 350 gm per capita per day.
With better segregation and improvement in the waste collection systems a decrease in
waste delivered to the disposal occur. The table below gives details of the projected and
estimated waste generation in Kalghatgi.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2017 2022 2027 2032 2037 2042
Arthematical Increase
Incremental Increase
Geometric Increase
Average of Three Methods
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Table 3-4 Estimated solid waste generation in future
Year Projected
Population
Solid Waste Generated in Tons/Day
Total Solid Waste TPD
Biodegradable (50%) TPD
Recyclable (30%) TPD
Inert (20%) TPD
2017 18612 6.51 3.26 1.95 1.30
2022 19773 6.92 3.46 2.08 1.38
2027 20708 7.25 3.62 2.17 1.45
2032 21419 7.50 3.75 2.25 1.50
2037 21910 7.67 3.83 2.30 1.53
2042 22182 7.76 3.88 2.33 1.55
3.4 Waste Collection
The city is divided into 13 political wards. As per information from Panchayat about 3 TPD
waste is collected daily. One Auto Tipper & Two tractor trailers are deployed for waste
collection and transportation to landfill site.
3.4.1 Commercial areas and Markets
The Shops and other commercial establishments are estimated to generate about 1.3
tonnes of waste daily.
3.4.2 Hospital and Nursing home wastes
Bio medical waste generated by Hospitals and clinics is separately collected by a bio Medical
Waste Collection Agency from Hubli. It caters to all the healthcare establishments of the
town and independently handles the process of collection, transportation, treatment and
disposal of healthcare waste from medical establishments
3.4.3 Construction waste
Construction and demolition waste mostly consist of inert and non biodegradable material
such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood etc. These wastes are heavy, having high density
often bulky and occupy considerable storage space either on the road or communal waste
bin/container. Construction debris is also collected and dumped at the current dumping site
once a week.
3.5 Segregation
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Segregation is not done at the source and the waste collected from the households is in the
mixed form.
3.6 Street Sweeping
The total area of the town is 22.92 Sq.km and total road length is 348.03 km. The town is
not having any underground drainage system and work is under planning, town Panchayat
do not have proper roads and footpaths.
At present the city roads are not divided into different types of categories such as Type A
road, Type B road and Type C road. It is proposed that all the roads of the city need to
divided into 3 types.
Table 3-5Frequency for street sweeping
Sr. No Type of Road Length of road (km) Frequency of Sweeping
1 Type ‘A’ 5.00 Everyday
2 Type ‘B’ 6.03 Two or three times a week
3 Type ‘C’ 7.00 Once a week
4 Type ‘D’ 30.00 Once a month
Total 48.03
3.7 Tools Used
Most of the main streets consist of waste materials like plastic covers, paper waste etc. The
Sweeping staffs are provided with long hand brooms and many others, sweepers use their
hands and brooms to collect waste from waste heaps and put into plastic bags.
3.8 Transportation of wastes
Transportation of the solid waste generated in the town is being managed by Kalghatgi town
Panchayath. There are no intermediate storage depots in Kalghatgi; waste is directly
transported to the dumping site by vehicle. Secondary transportation refers to collection of
waste from street Sweeping and drain cleaning. Town Panchayat is presently managing the
secondary transportation with 2 tractor trailer.
Table 3-6 MSW transportation vehicles
Type Number Capacity
(Tonnes)
No. of
trips per
Distance
travelled
Quantity of waste
carried per day (MT)
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day (km/day)
Auto Tipper 1 0.75 1 1.5 0.75
Tractor-Trailer 2 1.5 1 or 2 1.5 2/ 2.25
Tracker-Placer
Ghanta Gadi - - - - -
TOTAL 3 TPD
3.9 Processing and Disposal of Wastes
The landfill site area is 2.22 acre and is at a distance of 3 km from Town Panchayath Office.
The landfill site is fenced on all sides with secured gates. The landfill is not provided with any
Leachate collection system and no provision of Vermicompost Pit at the landfill site.
3.9.1 Approach Road & Internal Road
The approach road and internal main and other roads already exist at landfill site.
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Figure 3-2 Contour Map of Existing Landfill site
3.9.2 Compound wall & Security cabin:
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A partial compound wall is existing at the landfill site. Watchman shed has been constructed
and is in use presently.
3.9.3 Bore well
1 bore wells are present at the landfill site.
3.9.4 Disposal method for waste collected from residential area
At present, no road side community bins are used; RCC bins are use in town for Street
sweeping and drain. The waste which is collected from door to door collection and street
sweeping i.e. transported directly to the dumping site without segregation and processing.
Hospital, Clinic and Nursing Homes collecting their own waste and directly send it to a CTP
at Hubli.
3.9.5 Disposal Method for waste collected from street sweeping
The waste collected at few open spots and the waste which is generated from street
sweeping is stored at community bins and the same is collected by tractors and transported
to the dumping site.
3.10 Staff involved in SWM
Following are the number of staff involved in the management of Solid Waste.
Table 3-7 Staff for MSWM
Department in-charge in the Town SWM cell / Health Section
Number Environmental Engineer --
Number of Supervisory Staff 1
Total No. of Subordinate staff including Sweepers etc 26
3.11 Municipal Solid Waste Composition
The composition of the waste becomes crucial to decide an efficient SWM system. To
understand the waste character disposed in the landfill site in Kalghatgi, An analysis of the
composition of the fresh waste was conducted for 2 days. 4 samples were selected and
analyzed for 2 consecutive days by using the quartering technique.
3.11.1 Physical Composition of MSW
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About 40 kg of fresh waste was selected randomly by the waste carrying vehicles for
conducting the quartering technique. About 10 kg of waste from the selected 40 kg of waste
was selected for conducting waste composition analysis. The selected 10 kg sample was
segregated with the help of rag pickers and each segregated material is weighed.
The analysis shows an organic content in the waste of 37.45%, 17.75 % recyclable materials
and 32.7% of silt and stone. The quantity of silt and stone is high because of collection of
waste from roads while sweeping.
The particulars of waste composition and analysis conducted are presented below based on
the analysis conducted at the landfill. The table below gives the average waste composition
of selected samples.
Table 3-8 Physical composition of waste in Percentage
Sr. No Particulars Day 1 In %
Day 2 In %
Average In %
1 Plastic Material 10.2 10.7 10.45
2 Paper 6.3 5.9 6.1
3 Cloth pieces 11.1 10.1 10.6
4 Organic Waste 41.2 41.4 41.3
5 Glass Pieces 0.7 0.9 0.8
6 Wood Pieces 2.7 3 2.85
7 Metal Pieces 0.7 0.7 0.7
8 Silt, Stone, & Moisture 27.1 27.3 27.2
Total 100 100 100 Source: Analysis by AIILSG
Figure 3-3 Physical Composition of MSW
10.45
6.1
10.6
41.3
0.8
2.850.7
27.2
Plastic Material
Paper
Cloth pieces
Organic Waste
Glass Pieces
Wood Pieces
Metal Pieces
Silt, Stone, & Moisture
Physical Composition of MSW
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Table 3-9 Composition of Indian Waste as per CPHEEO Manual
3.11.2 Chemical Composition of MSW –
Date of Sampling – 28/12/15
Type of Sample – Solid Waste
Sample received on date- 30/12/15
Analysis Date- 30/12/15 to 31/12/15
Reporting date- 01/01/16
Sample Location – TP Kalghatgi, Karnataka
Table 3-10 Chemical Composition of MSW in percentage
No. Parameters Results Unit
1 Moisture Content 19.37 %
2 pH of 10% Solution 7.99 -
3 Total Nitrogen (N) 2.14 %
4 Total Phosphates (P2O5) 1.97 %
5 Potash (K2O) 0.37 %
6 Organic Carbon 22.18 %
7 Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio (C : N) 162 : 1 -
8 Gross Calorific Value in Cal/gm 1037 Cal/gm
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Table 3-11 Composition of Indian Waste as per CPHEEO Manual
3.12 Segregation of recyclables wastes
There is no systematic mechanism of Segregation of recyclable waste in Kalghatgi.
Segregation of waste is not practiced at generator level or at disposal. The waste generators
like households, commercial establishments and other institutions usually dump recyclable
and non recyclable waste together in open points or in container bins located nearby. Very
few of the commercial establishments like hotels practice the segregation of waste by
storing food waste separately which is given to animal husbandry units. Presently there is no
mechanism of separate collection, transportation or processing of the bio degradable and
non bio degradable waste in Kalghatgi.
3.13 Present expenditure on Solid Waste Management
Following table explains the revenue expenditure regarding the Solid Waste Management at
Kalghatgi Town Panchayath.
Table 3-12 Expenditure & Revenue of existing solid waste management
Activities Expenditure
Salaries for SWM staff 18.72
Contracts (Street Sweeping) wages 11.52
O and M of the existing Vehicle, Miscellaneous if and DDT, Phenol 1.67
TOTAL 31.91
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Revenue being collected (existing):
Particulars Amount (Rs. in lakhs)
% of Property tax reserved towards SWM and cleaning activities 2.83
SWM Cess -
Sale of compost, recyclables, RDF etc -
Components of Town planning Fee, advertisement tax, birth / death certificate fee etc towards SWM and cleaning activities
-
Fines and fees available for SWM and cleaning activities 0.62
Others 0.32
Total 3.77
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4 Issues and Gaps of MSW Management
4.1 Gaps and issues in Kalghatgi
The analysis of the preliminary information collected of Kalaghatgi town, highlights certain
good measures and systems adopted by the town and certain areas that require
improvement and infrastructure development.
Door to door waste collection is undertaken in some parts of the city. Street sweeping and
drain cleaning are also done randomly. The town has made provision for adequate landfill
site and has constructed a vermicomposting facility.
The preliminary issues and gaps identified are:
As people do not practice segregation of waste at source, there is need for awareness
generation.
Although door to door collection is in some parts of the town, people also tend to
throw the waste on open ground, which is why the council has provided bins along the
streets. Despite this, there are some points in the town having open dumping.
Currently all the waste collected is only partially processed at the landfill site without
prior segregation, leading to the remaining waste lying there as it is.
There is lack of personnel operating at the processing facility.
The current collection and transportation system is not optimized.
The entire solid waste management system has to be gradually up scaled to meet the
future needs of the town. The system has to be planned for the increased quanta of
waste which have to be handled properly.
The Landfill site has to be retro-fitted to become a sanitary landfill site. The procedures
for its operation and maintenance have to be prepared and operationalised.
The financial management plans for the Solid waste management system have to be
reviewed and improved to assist in revenue generation and creating a sustainable and
self sufficient system.
Training for the staff in the solid waste management department to improve efficiency
and safety standards may be required.
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5 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM
5.1 Concept Overview of Waste Management Proposed
The mechanism of solid waste management system in Kalghatgi requires a reorganized
model to meet the requirements of the MSW rules 2016. The major effort required in this
regard is towards the procedural improvements of the waste segregation at source,
transportation and disposal. Town Panchayath at present is collecting some of the waste
generated, but public awareness on the solid waste management is lacking. The strategies
are suggested in the following four areas:
Public awareness: Waste generation is increasing in urban areas as the use of packaged
consumer goods is increasing. The impacts of inefficient solid waste management are
directly related to public health. It is thus very essential that the citizens of the town be
equal partners with the town administration to reduce the problem of waste. Public
participation is thus the cornerstone in a successful solid waste management plan. Public
participation is essential in the following activities.
a) Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste.
b) Not to throw the waste/litter on the streets drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc.
c) Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source.
d) Primary collection of waste
e) Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial complexes,
etc and other waste source generators.
f) Pay adequately for the services provided.
Generating public awareness on these issues and garnering public participation for an
effective solid waste management in the town requires a sustained approach and efforts by
the administration and the elected representatives.
Collection of waste: It is proposed that collection from all the waste generators would be at
door step in each of the existing 13 wards. This would include residential, commercial and
Market area.
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Door to door collection of waste will reduce the burden of secondary collection system due
to reduced number of open points. The solid waste from markets and other common places
would be collected through sweeping teams. The waste collected from door to door system
and by the sweeping teams deployed for market areas and other public spaces will be
disposed in the landfill. Roads sweeping and drain cleaning would be a separate waste flow
from collection to disposal.
Collection of segregated municipal waste from the source of its generation is an essential step in solid waste management. Inefficient waste collection service has an impact on public health and aesthetics of towns and cities. Collection of wet and dry waste separately enhances the potential of cost effective treatment of such wastes and of deriving optimum advantage from the recyclable material fed into the system. 2 differently coloured bins, 10-15 litres each per household are recommended to promote and ensure segregation: • Covered Green Bin: Wet waste • Covered Blue Bin: Dry Waste
Waste Collection bins at optimum distance(between 25-250 meters)should be placed at public places to avoid littering On site composting of yard waste/
green waste could also be promoted
The proposed concept requires establishing primary waste collection and transportation
system. This would result in reduced burden of solid waste management on secondary
transportation and will reduce the number of open points in the town. Resource recovery is
a significant component of the new proposal. Dry waste collection centre would be set up as
per design requirements. It is also proposed to integrate the informal and recycling sector
involving rag pickers and kabadiwalas prevalent in Kalghatgi into the formal system by
recognizing their work and by providing required support services.
Role of the Informal Sector in Primary Waste Collection
The involvement of the informal sector is also to be examined and integrated into the waste
management system of the city. The informal sector in any city comprises of two systems i.e. the
kabadi system or the rag pickers.
The informal “kabadi system” network forms an important link in the overall waste recycling system
prevalent in the country. They can be compared to micro-entrepreneurs who buy reusable and
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recyclable material like newspapers, metal, glass, cardboards, plastics, etc. from households or
commercial areas. Citizens should be encouraged to continue the practice of selling recyclable
wastes to the “kabadi system”, as they constitute the first link in the waste recycling system.
Rag pickers are also an important part of the informal recycling system and are instrumental in
recovering discarded recyclables in disposed municipal waste that have not been bought by the
kabadi system. In an ideal system, rag pickers should be integrated into the system by training and
employing them for door-to-door collection of waste by the RWA’s, NGOs, CBOs and the like. The
rag pickers who work as waste collectors should be allowed to collect recyclables separately
alongside wet and dry fractions.
Rag pickers may also be encouraged to form cooperatives, through the involvement of local
NGOs/Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and may be allowed to collect recyclables from households. Such
initiatives will not only ensure a higher level of income to rag pickers, but will also ensure hygienic
conditions for rag pickers and environmentally safe waste recycling practices. Also, a lot of rag
pickers are usually harassed by the police, property owners, and shop keepers in the vicinity. Many
of them have to justify their work to various people and are condemned by society. Many of them
are in fact women, who have to live with the insecurity of harassment and threat to their livelihood.
Organizing them into cooperatives tend to protect their rights thereby retaining their dignity of
labour, work, their right to livelihood and right to access recyclables.
ULBs should make concerted efforts to integrate the informal sector of rag-pickers into
regular waste collection operations through the private sector, NGO’s, RWA’s etc
5.1.1 Transportation of waste
The transportation of the waste will be classified into primary and secondary transportation.
The primary transportation vehicles will be auto tippers, push carts and 4 wheeled
vehicles involved in door to door collection. These primary transportation vehicles
will collect the waste from the generators on a daily basis and dispose the waste at
landfill site.
The segregated wet waste would be directly transferred by twin compartment Auto
tipper to processing facility on landfill site. The waste collection in slum areas will be
done by push carts. The waste from the pushcarts shall be deposited in to the auto
tipper assigned in the respective zones.
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The secondary transportation of waste from road sweeping and drainage cleaning
will be done by tractor trailers. Tractor trailers will be used to transport drainage
waste and construction and demolition debris.
Truck mounted with pressure water jetting and suction machine
In order to ensure that sweepers do not dispose
waste into drains, same staff that is responsible
for cleaning street should be made responsible
for cleaning adjacent drains as well
Silt removed from surfaced rains and stored on
the shore of the drain should be collected as
soon as possible and transported directly to the
landfill
5.1.2 Disposal of waste
The final disposal of the waste has to be through a landfill site, after removal of the
recyclable and biodegradable waste. This need to be processed separately and only inert
and non biodegradable waste should be taken to the landfill site. The handling of waste and
the landfill site has to be scientific to avoid accidents.
5.2 Proposed Waste Flow Processes
The waste generated in the city will be collected using the following different types of
collection systems as follows
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Figure 5-1 Proposed Waste Flowchart for Kalghatgi. Source - Toolkit for MSWM, MoUD
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5.3 Storage of Waste at Source
No waste should be thrown on the streets, footpaths, open spaces, drains or water bodies,
nallas etc. Waste should be stored at source of waste generation in two bins/ bags, one for
food waste/ bio-degradable waste and another for recyclable waste such as papers, plastic,
metal, glass, rags etc.
Waste such as batteries , containers for chemical plastics pesticides, discarded medicines
and other toxic or hazardous household waste, if and when produced, should be kept
separately from the above two streams of waste.
5.4 Segregation of Waste at Source
The waste segregated at source is a resource itself. The local body may draw up a program
of conducting awareness campaign in various wards of the town utilizing the ward
committees, local NGO’s and resident welfare association. Detailed IEC programme is
provided in Chapter 8. Segregating waste at source is not an option but our responsibility.
[Recent Source segregation Promotional activity carried out by Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagaran Palike]
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5.5 Door to Door Collection and routing plan
Collection of municipal wastes from Households and commercial establishments like
provision stores and institutions like colleges, temples, theatres, malls etc would be part of
door to door collection system. The primary transportation vehicles like hand carts, auto
tippers or 4 wheeled tippers will be used for door to door collection. The deployed door to
door collection vehicles would visit each and every waste generator in the deployed area.
The collected waste will be disposed by these vehicles directly to landfill site. The containers
bins used for secondary storage are not viable or inefficient SWM system. Push carts are
proposed for collection of waste from slum and congested areas.
Door to door collection of waste would be introduced for collection of waste from
residential and commercial waste generators in Kalghatgi. Each service provider would be
responsible for conducting door to door collection operations in the allotted packages. The
service provider shall provide the man power, vehicles and equipments required for the
door to door collection mechanism.
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The residents and other waste generators are expected to store the waste and hand over
the waste to the door to door waste collection staff. Town panchayat should insist the
waste generators to dispose the waste only through door to door step mechanism and avoid
throwing the waste into open points and drainages. The door to door waste collection staff
would collect the waste each and every day including national holidays and Sundays.
TP should make it mandatory to waste generator that waste need to be segregated at
source. Also it has been advised to procure 3 Plastic bins at waste generator, so that waste
can be stored separately. The segregated dry waste and wet waste will be collected by Auto-
Tipper or four wheeled tipper. Auto Tipper or Ghantagadi will carry this waste to Dry Waste
collection centres to deposit dry waste separately and only wet waste will be carried to
Landfill site for further processing and disposal. The dry waste or Recyclable material can be
collected at regular intervals as may be convenient to the waste producer and the TP.
The door to door collection operations will be done using a combination of auto tippers and
push carts. The numbers of each type of vehicles required for door to door collection have
been calculated in the estimates for each individual package.
One auto tipper is suggested for 1400 HH (Assuming daily two trips to landfill site)
for individual Door to Door collection.
One Push Cart is suggested for 200 HH in congested and slum areas.
Optimized Route Micro-plan for Auto tippers –
Table 5-1 Optimized Route Microplaning
Kalghatgi TP
Microplanning of Door to Door Waste Collection
Vehicle No.
Trip Ward No.
Route Zones
No.of HH
2017
No.of HH 2022
Start Point
Area Covered End Point
Auto tipper 1
1 1,2 Zone 1 590 628 TP Hullikatti Tanda Slum,Harijan Koti Slum,Near Harijan Koti Area,Tavaragera
Landfill Site
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Kalghatgi TP
Microplanning of Door to Door Waste Collection
Vehicle No.
Trip Ward No.
Route Zones
No.of HH
2017
No.of HH 2022
Start Point
Area Covered End Point
1 3,4,7 Zone 2 940 999 TP Market Road,Jain Galli,Ashray Colony Slum,Dastikoppa Road,Lakshmi Temple main Road,Jain Oni Road,Joshi Galli Road.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper 2
1 5 Zone 3 534 568 TP Haliyal Kati Circle,Bendigiri Oni Road,.
Landfill Site
11,6 Zone 6 374 397 TP Gaudar Oni Road,Jain Oni Road.
Landfill Site
Auto tipper 3
1 8,9,10 Zone 4 804 848 TP Gramdevi Temple Road,Haliyal Kati Circle,Taluka Court,Haliyal Kalghatgi Road,Basveshwar Nagar,Ashray Plot.
Landfill Site
1 12,13 Zone 5 676 722 TP Haliyal Kati Circle,Hubli Karwar Road,Mundagod Road,Hubli Karwar Road,Jyoti Colony Slum,APMC,Bus Stop,Kalghatgi Taluka Office,Hubli Karwar Road,Machapur Tanda Slum,Janta English School,Taluka Court,Haliyal Kalghatgi Road.
Landfill Site
5.5.1 Streets sweeping
Conducting street sweeping operations, cleaning and removal of waste from public places,
office areas, administrative areas, markets, parks and other general places are considered
for collection of waste using sweeping mechanism. The street sweeping staff would clean
these areas regularly considering the quantity of waste generated in these generators. The
requirement of Push Carts and Tractor for the street sweeping are explained in the section
below. The sweepers should be compulsorily given safety equipments. The table below
gives the details of the safety equipments to be given to sweepers.
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Table 5-2 Details of personal protective equipments
Sl. no.
Safety equipment
Safety against Specifications Picture
1 Face mask Protect against dust/ infection
Standard surgical mask
2 Full arm
Uniform Protection against dust
Factory wear uniforms
3 Safety shoes Minor wounds while sweeping
PVC make, water proof shoes
4 Hand gloves Protection against infection
Standard toilet cleaning gloves
5 Eye glasses Protection against dust
Transparent factory wear
6 Head cover Protection against dust
Standard surgical wear
7 Brooms
Fan shaped &bunched (Delhi model) filament brooms
5.5.2 Targeted Waste Collection of Vegetable Market and Hotels
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The Bulk Waste generators which generate more waste will be cleaned daily. Separate Auto
Tippers required to be deployed for waste collection from Vegetable Market, Kalyan
Mandap and Hotels.
Table 5-3 Vehicles for collection & transport
Type of Vehicles Proposed (DPR) Existing nos. Nos. to be procured
Push carts 13 6 7
Twin Compartment Auto tippers
3 1 2
Tractor trailers 2 2 0
5.6 Biomedical Waste
Currently, the hospital and nursing home waste collection, transportation & disposal is done
by a biomedical waste collection agency. It is proposed that this system should be continued
in the future as well.
5.7 Dry Waste and E-waste Collection Centre
Dry waste collection centres are the decentralized units dedicated for collection of in
organic/ dry waste in the urban cities. The TP can generate revenue by conducting this
operation.
The dry waste collection centres would function as a social enterprise. The collection
centres would buy the recoverable from the waste generators and sell it to the whole sale
scrap dealers. The additional monetary benefits would be used for O & M of the facility.
The TP should insist on the private parties that the dry waste collection centres should be
set up and operated.
It is suggested that 1 dry waste collection centre (DWCC) needs to be installed at
appropriate location. Segregation of garbage into wet and dry waste is a simple and easy to
identify. However, segregating dry waste is more challenging.
Dry waste includes materials such as paper, plastic, glass, wire, cloth, leather, wire,
thermocol, metal, wood, rubber, rexine and fabric.
Households will need to encourage separately store dry waste at their premises. The TMC
would collect dry waste from their homes. Once a week, collection vehicle will separately
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collect dry waste from homes, which will then be taken to Dry Waste Collection Centers
(DWCC). Citizens on their own could also take their dry waste directly to DWCS. This waste
will be segregated into different types of dry waste and then sold to recyclers.
However, this will only works if the dry waste is free of any wet or food waste. People will
have to separately store the dry waste in their homes and if it is mixed with wet waste it will
only cause problems to them. The Pourkarmikas will not collect mixed waste from the
citizens and dry waste will be collected using separate collection vehicles, once a week.
Set up Dry Waste Collection Centre (DWCC)
Reduction of waste is also possible by setting up purchase / processing centres for dry
waste, like plastics, paper, etc. Dry waste collection center shall be set up by TMC in all the
wards Dry waste–shall be stored and delivered to the dry waste collection vehicle which
shall be provided by TMC or to the licensed DWCC set up on municipal / Government /
private lands. NGO’s, RWA’s, SHGs, collectives. Institutions, Trusts, Universities, Companies,
licensed recyclers or scrap dealers may be appointed as the sole Licensed Agents of TMC for
maintaining dry waste collection centres and /or operating such dry waste sorting centres.
SHG’s/Waste pickers need to be identified and encouraged to come forward to maintain the
DWCC. Such centre’s would ensure that the recyclable material is sold through properly
created channels to ensure that the recycled goods are not misused. According to dry waste
the DWCC shall pay the Pourkarmikas /Waste-picker or any individual who bring the waste
to the centres as notified by TMC from time to time, this will encourage the public to
segregate the waste at source.
Waste managers at DWCC shall perform secondary and tertiary sorting of the waste, DWCC
before finally selling it to recycling centre’s. Collecting in bulk provides these informal sector
workers with larger returns, and creates more jobs. They aim to keep as much waste out of
the landfills/ waste dumps as possible and to help make waste useful and profitable. In the
process they also educate people about the importance of segregation, and provide safe
and hygienic work conditions to waste management workers.
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These DWCC will further segregate the dry waste collected from the garbage and sell them
in recycling market. The plastic waste is taken up by us which is reused/recycled for
manufacturing various products.
For Collection of E – Waste – E-waste should be collected and transported to the DWCCs
which shall have separate containers for this waste. As per the guidelines of hazardous
waste management division of Central Pollution Control Board, there is a need to encourage
recycling of all useful and valuable material from e-waste so as to conserve the ever
depleting natural resources.
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5.8 Construction and Demolition waste
Construction and demolition waste has been defined as ‘waste which arises from
construction, renovation and demolition activities. Also included within the definition are
surplus and damaged products and materials arising in the course of construction work or
used temporarily during the course of on-site activities. The various streams of wastes to be
considered will include; Excavated materials, Concrete, Tiles, brick, ceramics, asphalt
concrete, Plaster, Glass, Metal and steel, Plastics, Wood, asphalt, and Concrete rubbles, etc.
Currently Town Municipal council is dumping all C & D waste into low lying area or Landfill
site. It is proposed to continue dumping of C & D waste in designated area identified by TP.
5.9 Zero Waste Management
It is proposed that the ULB should begin zero waste practices in 2 wards during the DPR time
frame, and this area should be widened and broadened in a phase-wise manner in the
coming years. The process to achieve the same is explained in the following flow chart.
By definition, zero waste management begins at source, namely by segregating waste
generated into three main categories. These categories are broadly as follows –
1. Wet Waste
2. Dry Waste
3. Inert Waste
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Segregated waste will be collected at source in the designated zero waste ward. The wet
waste will be composted using aerobic composting or vermicomposting as prime methods
or will be deposited in a biogas plant within the ward. The byproducts (compost and/or
biogas) produced after processing of the wet waste will be used for gardening and
plantations within the same wards. Biogas/biomethanation plants of small scale (500kg)
shall be sufficient for each ward. The dry waste produced within the same designated
ward(s) shall be collected by dedicated rag pickers and shall be bailed or sold to scrap
dealers. 2-3 rag pickers are proposed at each ward level for this purpose. Plastic and tetra
packs shall be bailed and the remainder along with metal and paper shall be sold as
recyclables. The quotations provided by a few scrap dealers are attached in the annexure
for further reference. The inert waste or C&D waste generated shall be deposited to low
lying areas and shall be used as filling material in construction of roads (within the wards).
IEC and Public awareness activities play a huge role in the achievement of zero waste
management. The ULB shall employ campaigns, rallies, and leaflet and pamphlet
distribution within the designated ward to educate the common man about the advantages
of zero waste management. Motivational activities should be conducted to promote the
same. Elaborate details for conducting IEC campaigns are given in Chapter Error! Reference
source not found. Error! Reference source not found.
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6 Solid Waste Management: Landfill Site
The integrated waste management facility at Kalghatgi is proposed to be set up at existing
dumping ground. The area available at the processing and landfill site is 2.22 acres located
at distance of 3 kilometres from the city.
6.1 Technology Selection
The moisture content in Indian waste is high due to the high food and other organic content
in waste. In Kalaghatgi if the silt wastes are removed from the waste stream the organic
matter is about 40-60 %. Such high moisture contents lead to low calorific value on as
received basis. Thermal processing is difficult and would require energy addition. Further as
mixed wastes are received there is always a threat of combusting plastics which can lead to
dioxins and furans release. It is recommended that no thermal processing technologies be
adopted in Kalaghatgi.
Compost, vermicompost and Biomethanation plants are working successfully in many places
in India. These technologies recover the organic matter and make them into compost which
is a good soil conditioner and useful for soil management. Biomethanation has many useful
by-products like biogas, compost and potential use of the liquid as pest repellent etc. From
the agrarian environment of Kalghatgi the adoption of organic recovery solutions like
composting and vermicompost are the preferred options. We do not recommend
Biomethanation at present as segregation is a primary requirement for successful operation
of Biomethanation plants and this is not yet in practice. The Physical processing
technologies are useful to recover some of the non organic matter and should be integrated
into the main technology solution linked to organic waste recovery through composting.
Based on the above analysis it is recommended to have Compost (key ingredient in organic
farming) and Vermicompost (process of compost) based waste management facility. This
would be supported by the recycling of plastics and other in organics. This technology
proposed is simple and easy to implement with potential to meet the overall objectives of
waste management elucidated above. This is cost effective.
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The integrated waste management facility would consist of waste receipt and segregation
facility, composting, Vermicomposting, plastic recycling, brick making and landfill. The
material flow for the integrated waste management facility for Kalghatgi is given below.
6.2 Aerobic Composting
Composting is a process of microbial degradation where organic matter is broken down by a
succession of organisms in a warm, moist aerobic environment (controlled conditions).
Composting is a form of recycling. Like other recycling effort, the composting of municipal
solid waste can help decrease the amount of solid waste that must be sent to a landfill
thereby reducing disposal costs. Composting also yields a valuable product that can be used
by farmers, landscapers, horticulturists, government agencies and property owners as a soil
amendment or mulch. The compost product improves the condition of soil, reduces erosion
and helps suppress plant diseases.
Composting is an age old practice and the word compost is as old as agriculture itself. The
solid wastes of plant and animal origin are utilized for conservation of carbon and
mineralization.
6.2.1 Use of Inoculums
Special inoculum containing several pure strains of developed, laboratory-cultured micro-
organisms, which are essential in the decomposition of organic matter, can be used for
accelerated decomposition and quality improvement.
Microorganism used can be:
Bacillus sp.
Trichoderma sp.
Aspergillus sp.
Phanerochaete sp.
6.2.2 Layout Planning of Facil ity
The integrated facilities have been planned at waste site. Detailed layout plan and other
drawing of the waste processing and disposal facility is given in annexure.
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Table 6-1Details of Landfill Layout
Existing Area of Kalaghatgi Site 10343.08 Sq.Mt
Items to be Considered Existing Proposed Area Sq.mt
Existing landfill site Yes
324
Landfill Site No. 1
Yes 1360
Landfill Site No. 2
Yes 1360
Lab
Yes 96
Office
Yes 48
Toilet
Yes 37
Security Cabin Yes
15
Windrow platform 1 Yes
750
Monsoon Shed
Yes 240
Machine Shed Yes
294
VCP Shed
Yes 316
Vermi Degradation Platform
Yes 120
Vehicle Parking
Yes 165
Vehicle Washing area
Yes 90
Weighbridge
Yes 30
Leachate Collection Tank
Yes 18
Leachate Drain (windrow) length
Yes 76 M
Leachate drain Length (Landfill to Sump)
Yes 63 M
Storm Water Drain
Yes 393 M
Road Areas Yes
202 M
Compound Wall Yes
126.3 M
Compound Wall
Yes 298 M
Total
5263
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Figure 6-1 Proposed Landfill Design
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The overall concept is to design waste processing and landfill site in coherence with the
existing facilities. It proposed to place the Waste Processing facilities towards the central
side of land. Adjacent to security building and additional office and lab building would be
constructed. Toilet facilities would also be provided. A parking area for vehicles, additional
composting facility, and vehicle cleaning unit is provided.
Table 6-2 Details of Common Facilities proposed at site
SI.
No.
Component Details
1 Boundary Wall There is partial existing boundary wall around the site and 212M is
proposed.
2 Internal Roads There is an existing road at the site
3 Entrance gate Gate is present at the entry of the facility.
4 Weighbridge It is proposed to have 30 tons weighbridge of electromechanical type
with 3 m x 9m loading platform at the entry of the waste
management facility. The weigh bridge system would have a vehicle
monitoring and staff time monitoring system.
5 Office building,
Lab and toilet
block
It is proposed to have office Building 5.9 X 9.3 Sq. M, Lab 9.8 X 9.3 Sq.
M & 4.5 X 3.8 Sq. M two toilet blocks with separate provision for men
and women.
6 Vehicle Parking It is proposed to have a vehicle parking at the site.
7 Power facilities Power connection is available at the facility. In addition it also
proposed to have a back up D G set of 60 KV capacities.
8 General Services The general services include the lighting of the facility for minimum
20 lux. No night operations are proposed and hence limited lighting is
adequate. Fire fighting tools are services are proposed including
preparation of a fire fighting requirement assessment and plan
preparation.
9 Plantation around
the boundary
Plantation will be proposed on the inner side of the compound wall in
3 rows.
Table 6-3 Details of Structures Proposed
Name of the building / civil structure Cost / Sq. M , Cost /
RMT Or Unit cost
Total Cost (Rs. in
Lakhs)
Weighbridge 5.61
Civil Work for Monsoon Shed Platform 2647.06 6.35
Civil Work for Monsoon Shed 7040.79 16.90
Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter 1289.18 5.07
Civil Work Leachate Collection Tank 3.48
Civil Work Leachate Collection Drain 772.40 0.59
Civil Work Compound Wall 6014.07 17.92
Total 55.92
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6.3 Processing Decomposed Garbage
The un-segregated garbage when completely decomposed turns into black colour, earthy
aroma and free from pathogens. This decomposed material is passed through the process
machineries, which are simple and highly effective.
The contraries that are non-degradable materials like plastics, metals, glass, rubber and
other inert materials are easily separated in four stages of screening. The sieving operations
eliminates bits, sticks, gravels, metals and glass pieces making the end product highly
uniform in size and quality.
Use of inoculums like consortium of degrading micro organisms / cow dung solution has
been recommended mainly to reduce period of decomposition to around 40 to 45 days and
also to prevent foul smell and Leachate generation.
6.4 Proposed Infrastructure at Landfill Site
6.4.1 Windrow platform
This is an area where the entire waste received is turned at regular intervals. Windrow
platform of 17 X 44 sq. m exists at the landfill site at Kalghatgi. In the instant case the
concrete yard is designed in such a way that the fresh garbage received during the first 30
days is decomposed so that the volume and weight of the organic matter is considerably
reduced. Inertisation is attained and the stability of organic matter is expected after 30
days. Decomposed matter is processed to obtain coarse organic manure (semi processed
organic manure). The semi processed organic manure is allowed for stabilization for another
15 days and screened so that the final end product in the form of organic manure is
received after passing through 4mm sieve. Such organic manure is a completely
decomposed organic matter which is sanitized and stabilized.
6.4.2 Office building and Laboratory
An office building with a laboratory and toilet facility is proposed at the landfill site.
6.4.3 Leachate Tanks
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Leachate tanks are designed in such a way that the Leachate generated during the course of
decomposition of organic fraction of waste is collected in the drains leading to Leachate
tanks. Leachate tank of 6 X 3 X 1.2 Cu M is proposed at the site in order to facilitate further
treatment of Leachate.
6.4.4 Tree Plantation
Three rows of Plantation are to be proposed along the boundary wall of the landfill site so
that the nearby habitation will not disturb the project in future.
6.4.5 Machinery shed
The shed will be required for Trommel, Vibro-Screening Machine and Plastic Bailing
Machine. This shed could also be used for storing accessories, various parts of the
machineries, processing equipments, oil & lubricants etc. Machine Shed of 15.8 M X 18.8 M
is already present at landfill site.
6.4.6 DG set
A 60 kV DG set is proposed as an alternative power.
6.4.7 Monsoon shed
Monsoon shed of 12 X 20 Sq. m, with 5 M height is proposed to process the waste even
during rainy season as 8 to 10 days material will be protected from rain water
6.4.8 Power Supply
A total power supply of 65 KV is necessary to take care of composting activity including
lighting in the composting area.
6.4.9 Processing Machinery, Vehicles and Equipments
Mainly, three machineries are proposed to be present at the landfill site, namely 35mm
sieve trommel, 14 mm sieve trommel, 4 mm sieve trommel. Their respective feeder and
reject conveyors are also proposed.
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A tractor trailer shall be used for internal transport of waste in the landfill site. A Back-Hoe
Loader front (already existing with the TP) with backhoe is proposed to be used for turning
of waste in the windrows.
6.4.10 Rain Water Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is accumulation & deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather
than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from roofs, and in many places the water
collected is redirected to a deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), a reservoir with percolation.
Its uses include water for gardens, livestock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment,
and indoor heating for houses etc. The harvested water can also be used as drinking water,
longer-term storage and for other purposes such as groundwater recharge.
This technology is used for collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops, the land surface
or rock catchments using simple techniques of digging pits as well as more complex
techniques such as underground check dams. The techniques usually found in Asia and
Africa arise from practices employed by ancient civilizations within these regions and still
serve as a major source of drinking water supply in rural areas. Commonly used systems are
constructed of three principal components; namely, the catchment area, the collection
device, and the conveyance system.
For Construction of Rainwater Harvesting Project, which would carry rainwater runoff from
rooftops & along the roof lining, buildings for Office and commercial sectors needs specific
requirements as stated below.
• Maximum roof coverage area should be considered, which includes monsoon shade,
machine shade and vermicomposting shades and any other temporary or extended
shades which are along the office building.
• Pipelines carry the water to the recharge pits provided inside the premises.
• Every recharge pit is measuring of 4 x 3 x 3 cum.
6.4.10.1 RECHA RGE P IT BU ILDING
• Dig a pit 4m wide near the office or structure till you reach the water level.
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• Dig one more meter deep and put a layer of charcoal and 1/2 meters of river sand
which acts as a strainer. If required, use an iron sheet all around the pit to keep the pit
from collapsing. Remove the sheet after you put charcoal and one and half meters of
river sand.
• Connect one pipe to the DOWNPIPE that comes from the roof.
• A strainer at the top will keep leaves and other wastes from going down along with the
rainwater.
• Rainwater displaces the dense hard water underground. If water comes up to the
surface, put half a meter of ordinary sand on top of river sand. This will prevent the
water from overflowing. Once a week, pour bleaching powder solution through the pipe
on the roof. This will cleanse the pipe thoroughly on regular basis.
Figure 6-2Details of Different Layers in Recharge Pit
6.4.10.2 MAINTENA NCE OF RECH ARGE P IT
The Recharge Pits have to be cleaned regularly as it would have clogged with run-off sand,
mud, leaves etc. Clean the recharge pit once a year. Dig out the filler material. And fill it
once again with clean materials.
6.5 Design of recommended processing and disposal options
The detailed drawings of the processing and disposal facilities have been provided in
annexure. The design details are provided for each of the facility below.
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6.5.1 Waste Segregation Facil ity
The waste arriving at the integrated waste management facility is weighed at the gate and
data recorded. The vehicles arriving are smart segregated. Waste from the markets and
segregated wet waste to an extent of 2 tons per day is sent to the vermicompost facility.
The balance of the materials are taken to the segregation facility and tipped, which is
followed by aerobic composting process.
6.5.2 Aerobic composting facil ity
Aerobic Composting is used for stabilizing organic matter. Composting can be used for
mixed wastes and results in production of stable product- compost which depending upon
its quality can be used as soil conditioner or potting medium. In this section the detailed
design and technical specifications of the compost facility are discussed.
Aerobic Waste decomposition processes: an overview
Aerobic composting involves the stabilization of the organics into compost by
microorganisms, which require the oxygen in air for their survival and growth. During this
process of conversion heat is released. There are ideal limits for different parameters within
which these microorganisms survive. Adequate moisture is required for the microorganisms
to survive and composting to take place. If these conditions are ensured to be stable the
compost quality and time of composting process can be controlled. In batch conditions the
composting process continues at progressively reducing rate as the oxygen becomes a
limiting factor or organics get consumed. To ensure the survival of these organisms the
availability of oxygen in the waste being composted has to be ensured through provision of
air. For economic reasons the time of composting is restricted till the major conversion is
done and subsequently compost maturing is taken up till the compost is safe for application
to plants. The organics typically have high moisture and in the compost process this is
removed. There are different possible configurations of holding waste and providing air for
aerobic composting. The selection of this is based on economics and competence in
handling technology. The various parameters that affect the composting process and the
compost quality are organisms population, carbon Nitrogen ratio, temperature, aeration
and moisture. The above-mentioned controlling parameters need to be monitored in the
industrial scale plant. In large composting operations it is necessary to monitor the
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wastewater, which comes out of the organic waste, called Leachate. The production of this
Leachate has to be minimized and whatever Leachate is generated has to be collected and
reused for maintaining the moisture content of the heap and as an inoculums.
Design choices
There are many alternative approaches, which have been adopted for composting of
municipal solid wastes based on the broad principle of aerobic composting. The following
approach has been adopted for Kalghatgi. The waste as received is pre-sorted. The waste is
formed into windrows and aerated. Roof is proposed for the composting yard. The design is
based on a 35-day waste composting cycle with 15-day additional provision in concrete yard
for additional waste load and for management during monsoons.
Sizing of plant
The composting plant has been grouped into 3 parts. The inert sing part, which is the basic
composting process consisting of the wastes windrowing process including aeration so that
a stabilized material is produced. The second part is the compost segregation plant also
called the processing facility where the stabilized wastes are segregated into compost and
rejects and finally maturation and storage part. As discussed previously the processing
facility is designed to handle 30 tons per day.
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Waste processing facility
Step 1: The waste is transferred from segregation facility to the aerobic composting yard.
Step 2: The segregated waste is sent to the windrow platform. The windrow is then sprayed
with bio culture slurry.
Step 3: The windrow is maintained for 7 days. The temperature is monitored to ensure that
the composting process is ongoing. The leachate from the windrow comes out and is
collected in the drain. The drain is connected to the leachate tank. The leachate from
leachate tank is used for making the inoculum slurry.
Step 4: At 7 days from start the first windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would have
reduced by 15% compared to start with moisture reduction and degradation. While re-
forming the windrow addition of inoculums slurry and water to maintain the moisture is
done using the trailer mounted slurry tank. The temperature profile in the second windrow
is monitored. The leachate from the windrow may come out and is collected in the drain.
Step 5: At 14 days from start the second windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would
have reduced by about 15% compared to start of windrow 2 with moisture reduction and
degradation. The balance of the waste is reformed into the third windrow. Addition of water
is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in the third windrow is monitored. No
leachate is expected from now on.
Step 6: At 21 days from start the third windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would
have reduced by about 15% compared to start of windrow 3. The wastes are reformed into
the fourth windrow. Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in
the fourth windrow is monitored.
Step 7: At 28 days from start the fourth windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would
have reduced by about 5% compared to start of windrow 4. The wastes are reformed into
the fifth windrow. Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in
the fifth windrow is monitored. This is the maturing stage of the compost.
Step 8: At 35 days the waste is now composted and it is transferred to the processing line
initial hopper.
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Step 9: The aerobic composting waste is fed into the trommel in the processing line. It is
transferred to the conveyor, which lifts it into the first rotary sieve. The rotary sieve has 35
mm punched holes.
The waste not passing through the sieve is the reject, which is then transferred using the
belt conveyor to the reject platform. The material passing is then transferred to the second
rotary sieve using belt conveyors. The second sieve has 14 mm holes. A third sieve of 4 mm
punched holes is also provided for fine composting, to be sold as Grade I compost. The
materials not passing through the sieve is transferred out using a chute. The materials
passing through the sieve is transferred using a chute to a heap. The compost at the heap is
further processed with admixtures or directly bagged for sale.
The material of size between 35 mm and 14 mm is sold as grade II compost and the
materials less than 4 mm is grade I compost. Additional products with different admixtures
are made and sold as niche products. The present design does not provide the mixing and
grinding facility for compost upgradation, as this would depend on marketing plans. Space
for provision of these facilities is provided. Bagging is proposed manually.
Step 10: Materials recovery from the rejects is undertaken and the recyclables are stored in
the recyclables shed.
The reject are taken out for disposal in landfill daily. The recyclables are sold when adequate
quantity is available for transport. The compost is sold as per demand.
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Table 6-4 Process Flow Table
Process Kalaghatgi
Pro
cess
ing I
st Stage Incoming Waste
Feed Material Town Garbage
Material Properties
Mixed MSW TPD Volume Reject
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Process Kalaghatgi
Incoming Garbage Inocuulants Addition 6.51 10.85
Moisture Addition
Sanitisation (at 55-65
o C) for two
weeks
Ist
Heap / Windrow Formation ( Moisture : 55 - 65%)
5.21 7.10 1.95
IInd
Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture : 55 - 62 %)
4.56 9.86
Decomposition (at 55-65
o C)for two
weeks
IIIrd
Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture : 55%) 3.91 7.10
IVth
Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture : 55 - 62 %)
3.58 5.43
Shifting in Rain shed 3.26 4.93
IInd
Stage
Feed Material Digested Compost (from Yard)
Material Properties
Moist, Bumpy, Heterogenous, Sticky
Coarse Segregation
Lump breaking , opening up , segregation and screening of fine material. (Below 35 mm)
3.26 4.48 0.65
Screening and Seperaion of material 2.60 3.23 0.98
(Below 14 mm)
Oversized Rejections 1.63 2.02
(For recycling or sanitary land filling)
IIIrd
Stage
Feed Material Screened material (Below 14 mm)
Material Properties
Moist, Lumpy, Sticky
Curing Shifting of material to curing section for further digestion / maturation & moisture management
1.02 1.26 0.20
Addition of Rock Phosphate, mixing & turning 0.81 1.01
Shifting of material to refinement line.
Co
mp
ost
R
efin
eme
nt
Sect
ion
IVth
Stage
Feed Material Screened Material (Below14mm)
Material Moist , Sticky
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Process Kalaghatgi
Properties
Refinement Screening and separation below 4 mm, Oversized rejections sent for re-sanitisation.
0.65 0.81 0.16
separation of heavy impurities as sand , glass , stones etc.
0.49 0.61 0.03
Standardization and Quality control.
Mixing od additives ( Liquid/ Granules ) to improve quality of end products.
0.46 0.56
-0.03
Storage Finished good packing and shifting to storage section.
0.49 0.61
Rejects going into the Landfill 1.01
Figure 6-3 Waste Process Flow Chart
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In general, as the average windrow shape is between an oval and trapezoid a factor of 0.66 is assumed to estimate windrow volumes, therefore the equation for volume of the windrow is: Volume = Height X Width X Length X 0.66 Windrow dimensions should allow conservation of heat generated during compo sting process while also maintaining diffusion of air to the deeper portions of the windrow Windrows should be turned frequently, once a week over 5 weeks to maintain aeration, porosity and enhance degradation Frequency of turning depends upon: • moisture content, • porosity of material, • rate of microbial activity, and • desired composting time
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7 Design of Landfill
7.1 Design and Development of Sanitary Landfill Facility
The construction of landfill facility for all the cells shall be as per the specification and
drawings. Design of each cell of landfill facility is decided as per the topographical conditions
of the site area, subsequently development should be in same sequence. The Design
Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill site at Kalghatgi is presented in the table below.
Table 7-1 Design Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill Site
Sl. No. SLF Components Details Unit
1. Total Waste to be disposed in SLF for next 25 year 73000 Ton
2. Waste to be disposed in SLF every year 2920 Ton
3. Waste to be disposed in SLF daily 8 Ton
4. Present Available area for SLF activity 2320 Sq. M
5. Number of proposed Cells 2 Number
6. Dimension of Proposed Landfill Cell L1 (Height of Cell Total 10 m - 5 M below ground and 5 M above ground Level)
58 Length (M)
20
7. Dimension of Proposed Landfill Cell L2 (Height of Cell Total 10 m - 5 M below ground and 5 M above ground Level)
58 Breadth (M)
20
8. Required Area for next 25 year for SLF + Bund area 2232 Length (M)
9. Existing Area can cater to the requirement for next 26 Breadth(M)
10. Additional Landfill are Required for ULB after complete use of Existing Site
0
11. Bulk density of compacted solid waste 0.8 Ton / M3
12. Waste application height 5 meters (above
ground level)
13. Bottom liner slope (Transversely) 1% % Towards center
of each cell.
14. Leachate drainage slope (Longitudinal) 1% % Towards
leachate sump.
15. Inner side slopes of Embankment 01:02.5 (V: H)
16. Outer side slopes of Embankment 01:02.5 (V: H)
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7.2 Bio Remediation at previous engineering site
Bio-remediation is use biological organism to solve environmental problem. It is the
collective range of cleanup methods by using natural micro-organism (such as bacteria,
plant, Fungi etc.) to degrade hazardous organic contaminants to environmentally less toxic.
Figure 7-1 Options for treatment of Existing MSW Dump on the Site
Process of Bio-augmentation - Since the treatment is proposed only for the remaining
degradable waste on site, the process of bio-augmentation is very simple and cost effective.
• Step 1 – Loosening of waste using tractor or Back-Hoe Loader.
• Step 2 – Spraying of Bio-culture on the waste ( for decomposition of remaining
waste)
• Step 3 – Sieving the degraded waste - Sieved out waste can be used as manure.
• Step 4 – Rejected waste will be recyclable and inert. - The recyclable waste will be
recycled and the inert waste will be used for levelling at dumping site.
Table 7-2 Area at Landfill Site after Bioremediation and Segregation
Area of the previous engineering landfill site 4668 sq. m
Assuming Depth of previous engineering landfill site 2.5 m
Volume of Waste to be Bio remediated from previous engineering 11670 cu m
Existing
Dumping Site
Bio Remediation
Segregation
Compost Plastic Paver Block
Construction
Inert
Packaged &
Sold Off
RDF & Road
Construction Debris for Road
Construction
For Land
filling
New
Sanitary Landfill Site
Recyclables
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landfill site
Assuming Density of Waste 0.7
Total weight of Waste in previous engineering landfill site 8169 Ton
Inert waste (10%) to be resent to landfill 816.9 Ton
Area required to be deducted (to resent inserts to landfill) 116.7 sq. m
Net area available from previous engineering landfill site after Bio Remediation
4551 sq. m
Existing Area can cater to the requirement for next 26 Year
Total area available for landfill site after application of Bio remediation to previous engineering landfill site 6871
sq. M
Total Area can cater to the requirement for next 77 year
The following method of Bio remediation; i.e. Bio Augmentation will be suitable for the
treatment of the dumped waste. In Bio Augmentation, the current solid waste has to be
loosened with a tractor or Excavator. After the loosening, the culture will be sprayed on the
solid waste. It will increase the rate of degradation of the waste. After this stage, sieving of
the degraded waste will be done and sieved out waste will be manure and can be used as
compost. The rejected waste which will be inert or recyclable can go into landfill or into
suitable processes for recyclable waste.
Table 7-3 Percentage Recovery of Recyclable Waste
Sl. No.
Fractions Resource Description
% recovery
Application Remarks
1 Finest Fraction
Organic matter + fine Soil Bio-Earth A grade
30% Manure in organic farming
As a soil improver, restoring alkaline or saline soils to fertility, improves soil breathing and water retention capacity
2 Coarser Fraction
Coarse Organics and sand Bio-Earth B grade
30%
Manure cum soil aggregate in farm applications
Used to control soil erosions, as an organic manure in tree pits, improves soil breathing and water retention capacity
3
Heavy Fraction
Pebbles (Between 20 and 40 mm)
10% Construction and filling in low lying areas
Used for road shoulders
4 Pebbles (Between 40 and 80 mm)
8% Construction and filling in low lying areas
Used for road shoulders
5 Tender cocoanut shells
2% As a Fuel Used to produce bio-bricks and in hydroponic cultivation
6 Light fraction
Plastic and other recyclables
10% Recycling
Reduces the use of virgin materials
7 Non-recyclable combustibles
P2F (Plastic to Fuel)
Increasing diesel prices making P2F more attractive
8 Residuals Inert materials 10% Land filling Extends the life span of land fill sites
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On the landfill site of the 10% of inert waste need to be re dumped on landfill after
bioremediation. As explained above, the required area considering the volume to be
deposited on landfill after Bioremediation and segregation along with the volume required
for sanitary landfill site is given.
7.2.1 Construction Procedure
Construction of landfill should be followed in the sequence given below:
S. No. Activity Possible Parallel / Independent Activities
1. Grading and levelling Service road around the site, fencing & green belt area
2. Side soil bund Power supply, water supply, Workshop, Leachate pond, office buildings, compost yard, weigh Bridge, waste segregation platform
3. Bottom line system Storm water drain around the side soil bund
4. Leachate collection and conveying system
Leachate collection sump
5. Side liner system Bottom line system
6. Leachate collection sump Installation of pumps
7. Installation of pumps for Transferring Leachate
-
8. Storm water drain around the side soil bund
Peripheral service roads, green belt
9. Monitoring wells -
10. Approach Road Strom water drain
11. Green belt area -
12. Top liner system -
7.2.2 Grading, Leveling and Base Formation
Before the construction of landfill facility, site shall be properly cleared from any shrubs and
bushes. A benchmark has to be fixed at an immovable known point. Site shall be levelled
and compacted. As the highest ground water table is at about 1 m from ground level, it is
suggested to have filling by hard murum of 0.5 m thick and compacting the same. The filler
material is levelled to get the desired slope of 1 %.
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Figure 7-2 Line Placement at edges of Landfill
Figure 7-3 Line Placement at edges of Landfill
7.2.3 Side Soil Bunds
In order to prevent the sliding movement of the waste, earth bunds has to be constructed
over the sides of landfill. The soil bunds are of trapezoidal shape. As per the design, the
landfill is 6 meters above the ground level and 4 meters below ground level. Total height
considered is 10 meter. The inside slope is of 1:2.5 (V: H). Soil bunds shall be of hard murum
with required specification. The soil has to be tested as per the parameters mentioned in
Quality assurance plan. During construction of bunds, soil has to be laid in layers of about 30
cm and each layer has to be well compacted before going for next layer. During compaction
the soil shall be at its optimum moisture content so as to achieve maximum compaction.
Soil bund is of 3 meters height with inner and outer slopes of 1: 2.5 (V: H). the top width of
soil bund is 3 meters.
Figure 7-4 Placement of the HDPE Liner over the Clay Liner
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Figure 7-5 Placement of the Gravel Drainage Layer and Geotextile over the Clay Liner
Figure 7-6 Leachate Collection Pipes are to be connected to a sump through the Liner
7.2.4 Bottom & Side Liner System of Sanitary Landfil l Facil ity
A liner system is the barrier that separates waste from the environment. The bottom and
sideliner system must effectively stop the migration of Leachate from the landfill for many
years. In order to prevent the migration of Leachate from the landfill facility, the bottom
and side lining system is of minerallic type, with different layers and specifications. First
after grading and levelling the site, filling by hard Murum is carried out as per the designed
slope.
Over the filled material, 90 cm thick clay liner has to be laid. While laying clay liner, the
permeability of clay should be lesser than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec and the moisture content shall be
at its optimum moisture content. Clay layer of bottom liner shall be laid in layers of about 45
cm thick and should be well compacted with a vibrating Roller of 4 to 5 tons. After
compaction the clay layer shall be left out for natural drying and settlement for at least 5 to
6 days. If any cracks develops in clay liner that has to be grouted with Bentonite.
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Figure 7-7: Welding of HDPE Geomembrane
Over the clay liner, a High Density Poly- Ethylene (HDPE) liner of 1.5 mm thick has to be
provided. The joints of the HDPE liner have to be welded by Lap joint method. HDPE liner
shall be of two sides textured. Over the HDPE liner, a Geo-textile membrane of 1.5 mm thick
of non-woven type & Poly-propylene (PP) make should be laid. The textile portion of geo-
textile shall be facing upside. The purpose of Geo-Textile is to protect HDPE sheet from any
shock loads, which may be due to vehicle movement. Over Geo-Textile liner, a drainage
layer of thickness of about 30 cm has to be laid uniformly on entire bed of bottom area. This
drainage layer is for effective collection and conveyance of Leachate coming out from
waste. Therefore, the permeability of the drainage layer shall be greater than 1 X 10-2 cm
/sec.
The sideliner system should be same as bottom liner.
Figure 7-8 Bottom and Side Liner System
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7.2.5 Leachate Collection & Conveyance System
In order to collect and convey the Leachate to the collection sump, the Leachate collection
channel has been designed. The Leachate collection drain, from the middle of each cell as
shown in drawings has to be constructed first. The generated Leachate will be collected in
the channel due to bottom transverse slope of 1.0%, and conveyed by gravity to sump due
to longitudinal slope of 1.0%. For collection and conveyance of Leachate to sump, a
perforated HDPE pipe of 30 cm ID has to be laid as shown in drawings. The pipes should
have rectangular slots of size 20 mm x 5 mm, placed at spacing of 100 mm/cc in the
longitudinal direction and 50 mm spacing laterally. The slots shall be placed along the length
of the pipe only on the sides with 20 mm side of slot being parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the pipe, in a zigzag pattern as shown figure below:
Figure 7-9 Schematic Diagram showing Placement of rectangular slots in Leachate Collection Pipe
The Leachate collection channels have to be packed with drainage material. The slopes of
the pipe should be such that, the Leachate should flow easily into the Leachate collection
sump later on the Leachate from sump has to be transported for treatment.
Figure 7-10 Welding of Leachate Pipes
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7.2.6 Leachate Collection Sump
RCC sump of 6 x 3 x 1.8 Cum diameter temporarily covered with RCC slab has been
recommended to be constructed for collection of Leachate from “Leachate collection
system”. The construction of the sump shall be gradual with the filling of the waste. A clear
depth of 1 meter has to be maintained between the bottom of sump and Leachate
connection pipe. About 20mm thick plastering has to be done at the inner and outer side of
sump. Epoxy powder (which acts as water proof agent) has to be used during plastering. The
RCC slab has been provided with a manhole of 1 m x 1 m through with a monkey ladder. The
manhole has to be covered with hinged steel gate in order to avoid the entry of rainwater
into the sump. The collected Leachate from sump has to be transferred to Leachate pond by
pumping. After closure of Sanitary landfill Facility, appreciable quantity of Leachate is not
expected to be generated, however, if any Leachate is generated it has to be transferred to
Leachate pond.
7.2.7 Installation of Pumps for Transferring Leachate
The Leachate has to be pumped to the Leachate pond. Two pumps (non-corrosive type) of 2
HP each (discharge 25 m3 /hr and total maximum head of 25 m) have to be installed in each
Leachate collection sump. These pumps may be installed at the RCC slab of collection sump
with proper rainwater protection. While one will be active the other will serve as standby.
During heavy rainfall, both the pumps can be operated. The sump has to be covered and
protected against rainwater.
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Figure 7-11 Support of Leachate Pipes
7.2.8 Storm Water Drainage System
Storm water drainage is one of the main components of landfill facility. The arrangement
shall be such that, the storm water from landfill facility has to be collected effectively in
drainage system and conveyed away from facility with in short time. Storm water drain shall
be of trapezoidal shape with brick lining. The inside part of drain has to be plastered with
cement motor. Storm water drain shall be constructed all along the outer periphery of soil
bund
7.2.9 Monitoring Wells
Monitoring wells have to be constructed around the facility for periodic monitoring of the
quality of ground water. The monitoring wells to be provided along the four corners of
landfill facility. The groundwater at a regular time interval must be monitored for the
specified parameters. The frequency of monitoring can be monthly in the first 5 years of
operation of the facility, thereafter quarterly up to 25 years or till the life of the facility is
exhausted and semi-annually after closure of the facility (for 5 years after closure of the
facility).
7.2.10 Approach Road and Service Road at the Facility:
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A main approach road of 6 m wide from the main gate running parallel between the landfill
and compost yard till the southeast end of the facility is suggested. At Kalghatgi landfill site
roads exist.
7.2.11 Green Belt Development:
The green belt development around landfill facility will ensure the reduction in soil erosion
and air pollution due to dust suppression. This also increases aesthetic value of the area. As
per the design, about 3 m wide green belt along the periphery and shall be developed
accordingly.
7.2.12 Office Building & Laboratory:
In order to manage the operation and maintenance of the facility and to maintain the
record of daily waste disposal, an office with necessary furniture and other facilities has to
be established at the site area. A laboratory will have to be set up in order to analyse waste
samples and to carry out monitoring activities with regard to air and water and some time
soil if required.
7.2.13 Other Infrastructure Facilities:
Apart from above, other facilities such as electricity for lighting arrangement in SLF area,
weighbridge, fire protection equipment, personnel protective equipment, drinking water,
storage area for equipment, shelter for machinery & vehicles and security cabin will be
required during operation and maintenance of SLF. Periodically, crawler dozer will be
required for layer wise compaction of waste. A 300-micron thick LDPE/HDPE sheet, sand
filled bags will also be required for intermediate covering of waste during rainy seas
7.2.14 Final or Top Cover
The prime function of a final cover or the top liner system is to minimise infiltration of
precipitation. Other functions include preventing the contamination of surface run off, wind
dispersion of municipal solid waste and direct contact of the municipal solid waste with
humans and animals. For long-term performance with minimum maintenance, the final
cover is designed to promote surface drainage and minimise erosion. After the operational
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life, each cell of landfill facility has to be closed and covered with suggested top cover
system, as shown below:
Over the foundation layer, 30 cm thick gas drainage layer has to be laid with 16-32
mm size gravel.
Figure 7-12 Top Liner System
The gas outlet pipe should be connected to the gas drainage layer. The gas outlet
pipe is to remove the gas generated from consolidated waste after complete closing.
Over the gas drainage layer, 60 cm thick clay layer should be laid. The permeability
of clay should be less than 1 X 10-7 cm/sec. During laying of clay layer, the moisture
content in clay should be as per the optimum moisture content in order to achieve
permeability factor shown above. The clay liner shall be laid in two layers each of
thickness 300mm. Each layer of clay shall be well compacted with a vibratory roller
of 4 to 5 tons.
Over the clay liner, 30 cm thick storm water drainage layer has to be laid with 16-32
mm size gravel. The permeability of drainage layer should be more than 1 X 10-2
cm/sec.
Over the drainage layer, 45 cm thick native soil should be provided for vegetation in
two layers. The first layer has to be compacted, other two layers has to be left loose
for the growth of vegetation. A vegetation cover has to provide at the top of the soil
in order to prevent the soil erosion due to precipitate and also for better landscaping
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7.2.15 Tentative Cost Estimate for Sanitary Landfill
The tentative cost estimate for development of the sanitary landfill and other infra-
structural facilities is presented in the following tables:
Sr. No
Description of Work Quantity Unit Rate Rs/Unit
Cost (Rs. In Lakhs)
1 Grading and leveling 2232 m2 13 0.28
2 Filling material 1804 m3 180 3.25
3 Soil bund 1116 m3 180 2.01
4 Bottom liner system
30 cm thick drainage layer (K=1X10-2
cm/sec) 1674 m2 180 3.02
1.5 mm thick geo-textile 1674 m2 135 2.26
1.5 mm thick HDPE liner 1674 m2 451 7.54
90 cm thick clay liner (K<1 X10-7 cm/sec)
1674 m2 360 6.03
5 Side liner system (same as bottom liner)
268 m2 1171 3.14
6 Leachate collection drain including HDPE pipe
339 RM 6307 21.38
7 Leachate collection sump (RCC) & pump for transferring Leachate to ETP
12.8 m3 12615 1.61
8 Cover liner system 1116 m3 1171 13.07
9 Leachate Pond 54 m3 12615
Sub Total 63.60
Contingency 10% 6.36
Total for sanitary landfill facility(25 years)- 2 pits 69.96
Total for sanitary landfill facility(12.5 years)- 1 pits 34.98
Total for sanitary landfill facility(12.5 years)- 1 pits – as per 2016-17 rate 39.18
Source: AIILSG Analysis
7.3 Leachate from Landfill
The leachate from the landfill is mainly due to the rain water. Therefore, the leachate
depends on the rainfall in the town.
Table 7-4 Leachate Generation Estimation
S.N Particulars Details Units
1 Annual Peak Precipitation 943 mm
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S.N Particulars Details Units
2 Area of the Land fill 10343 sq. m
3 Monsoon duration 90 days
4 Leachate Generate from the SLF 108 liters
Leachate from the Waste processing, composting and SLF shall be collected & treated
together in Planted Gravel Filter.
7.3.1 Treatment of Leachate –Phytorid Treatment Plant
It is proposed to treat leachate from the landfill site using Phytorid Treatment Technology.
The treatment process has to have low operation and maintenance cost.
Figure 7-13 Phytorid Treatment
This is the technology developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI),
Nagpur for the treatment of municipal and industrial waste water. The technology combines the
physical, biological and chemical process without requiring any mechanical equipment (thus
eliminating the need for electricity and maintenance of equipment). The Technology provides clean
and aesthetic solution for the treatment of wastewater which is generally thrown in open at the
disposal points. BOD and COD removal is reported to be achieved as 80 – 90 %. The components of
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the technology include
Primary Settling cell (PSC) for the purpose of anaerobic pre- treatment of suspended solids.
Secondary Advanced Filter cell (SAFC) that contains different sized stones and gravel wherein
anaerobic digestion occurs.
Tertiary Biological wetland Cell (TBWC) made up of life supporting media (again stone and
gravel) and planed with aquatic flora such as Typha, Scirpus, Cyperus, Peltandra, Phragmites etc.
This is fairly new technology and has been tested successfully a few places in Maharashtra
7.4 Material Specifications for Sanitary Landfill
The specifications and quality aspects of the Landfill facility is very important, in order to
achieve designed performance of sanitary landfill facility. Liner system of landfill facility has
been designed in consideration with following points;
To prevent migration of waste, Leachate to the adjacent subsurface soil or ground
water or surface water.
Material specified for liner has adequate chemical properties, physical properties
and engineering properties to prevent failure on account of loads, climatic
conditions, and contact with waste or Leachate.
Slopes at bottom and sides area designed to withstand Liner material safely without
any sliding movement.
7.4.1 Material Specifications for Liners and Drainage System
7.4.1.1 BOTTOM & S IDE LINER
1) 1X90 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil with permeability less than
1X10-7 cm /s with the following specifications:
Permeability to be checked before and after laying
Free of any stones, kankars and any other foreign material
Moisture content to be maintained during laying as per OMC. (Optimum Moisture
Content)
To be compacted so as to achieve Proctor Density
To be laid in 2 layers each of 30 cm thick
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Permeability & moisture content has to be checked in each layer.
To be kept covered during installation so that moisture is not evaporated.
2) 1X 1.5mm thick HDPE Geo-membrane of following specification:
Tensile strength at yield greater than 18 KN / m.
Tensile Strength at break greater than 30 KN / m.
Tear Resistance greater than 150 N
Puncture Resistance greater than 250 N
3) 1 X 1.5 mm thick Geo-textile;
Type – Non woven
Make – PP
200 GSM
4) 1 X30 cm thick Leachate drainage layer;
Material – Sand or any other granule with permeability greater than 1 X 10 –2 cm
/sec
Size Gradation – 16 to 32 mm
Dust free
Kankar free
Rounded gravels
Free of any angular or sharp aggregates
To be laid as 30 cm thick uniform layer
7.4.1.2 LEACHATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The construction details of Leachate drain is as follows:
Longitudinal slope of Leachate collection pipe shall be 1.0%.
The bottom and sides of HDPE pipe has to be filled with the mixture of cement,
Bentonite and sand.
The HDPE pipe has to be covered with 200 GSM geo-textiles to prevent clogging of
slots by drainage material / other solids.
Over HDPE pipe Gravel size of 16mm to 32mm has to be laid uniformly.
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The specification of material to be used for Leachate drain is given below:
1) 1 X 1.5mm thick geo-textile – 200 GSM
2) Mixture of sand, cement and Bentonite shall be in ratio
94%: 3%: 3% respectively.
3) Specification for HDPE pipe.
Internal Dia. –285 mm
Outer Dia. – 300mm
Wall Thickness –15mm
Pressure Rating- 4 Kg/cm2
7.4.1.3 TOP L INER SYSTEM
1) 1 X 60 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil with permeability less than
1X10-7 cm /sec.
Permeability to be checked before and after laying
Free of any stones, kankars and any other foreign material
Moisture content to be maintained during laying as per OMC.
(Optimum Moisture Content)
To be compacted so as to achieve Proctor Density
To be laid in 2 layers each of 30 cm thick
Permeability & moisture content has to be checked in each layer.
2) 1 X 30 cm thick drainage layer
Material – Sand or any other granule with permeability greater than 1
X 10 –2 cm /sec
Size Gradation – 16 to 32 mm
Dust free
Kankar free
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Rounded gravels
Free of any angular or sharp aggregates
To be laid as 30 cm uniform layer
3) 1 X 45 cm, fertile soil for vegetation
To be laid in two layers; the bottom layer to be compacted mildly and
the top layer to be kept loose for growing vegetation.
Vegetation cover with Grass, shrubs etc. having root length <30 cm
7.5 Operation Plan of Sanitary Landfill
7.5.1 Construction and Operational Plan
The operation of a landfill shall consist of the following steps:
Operation before waste is transported to landfill facility
Operation during disposal of waste into landfill facility
Closer plan
Record keeping
Monitoring
7.5.2 Operation before Transportation of Waste
7.5.2.1 S ITE DEVELOPMENT:
The following construction activities shall be carried out along with construction of landfill
facility before disposal of waste.
Construction of perimeter fence, entrance gate, weighbridge and green belt.
Construction of main access road near the entrance gate with parking area.
Construction of service road along the perimeter of the site and well as construction
of approach road.
Construction of waste inspection facility, equipment workshop and garage, vehicle
cleaning area.
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Installation of direction sings, site lighting, fire fighting facilities, communication
facilities.
Construction of water supply and waste water/sewage disposal.
Construction of surface water drainage system.
Construction of main Leachate pipe, sump and Leachate pond.
Installation of environmental monitoring facilities.
Construction of emergency exit gate.
7.5.2.2 S ITE PROCEDURES: RECORD KEEPING & WASTE INSPECTION:
Records shall be kept on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. In addition a site Manual shall
be kept at the site office giving all site investigation, design and construction details. The
following records shall be maintained during operation of landfill
(i) Landfill Manual: The site manual shall contain the following information:
Data collected during site selection
Environmental assessment report
Site investigation and characterization data
Detailed topographical map
Design of landfill components
Landfill layout and its cells
Construction plans
Details of Leachate management plan
Details of gas management plan (optional)
Environmental monitoring program
Closure and post-closure plan
All permissions / license from concerned authorities.
(ii) Site Reports: The daily, weekly and monthly reports shall comprise of the following:
Weighbridge data (daily inflow and outflow for each vehicle)
Waste inspection data (daily)
Materials, stores etc. (daily)
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Bills/accounts (daily)
Visitor record (daily)
Complaints record from nearby areas (daily
Topographic survey at operating cell (daily/weekly)
Photographic record at operating cell (daily/weekly)
Environmental monitoring data (weekly/monthly)
Waste filling plan and actual progress i.e., cell construction (daily/weekly) and review
(monthly)
Leachate generation and gas generation (weekly/monthly/extreme events)
Weather/climatic data (extreme events)
Accidents etc.
Others.
(iii) Vehicle Inspection:
Each vehicle carrying the waste shall be checked for:
Incoming weight (full)
Outgoing weight (empty)
Available of relevant documents
Visual check at weigh-in (if feasible)
Visual inspection after discharge at tipping area (inspection report to be filed for
each vehicle). A visual inspection checklist must be framed which should list visual
features for identification of unacceptable material. This checklist shall be filled for
every unloading by a vehicle in tipping area at the working cell in the landfill.
7.5.3 Operation during Disposal of Waste into Landfill Facility
At the design stage, the cells of a landfill are clearly demarcated. Operation of a cell
requires planning and execution of daily activities such as daily waste filling plan and
demarcation, waste discharge & inspection, waste placement, waste compaction, daily
covering of waste, prevention of pollution & fires, etc.
7.5.3.1 DAILY WASTE F ILLING PLAN AND DEMARCATION AT S ITE:
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On the completion of a cell and before the start of a new cell, a waste-filling plan for daily
cells shall be evolved. A study of the landfill base contour maps and the final cover levels of
the cell allow such a plan to be developed. If a cell is to be operational for 365 days, all 365
cells must be marked in plan and in sectional drawings. These may require revision as a
landfill is constructed because waste quantities may vary in an unforeseen manner. The
area and height proposed to be filled every day should be demarcated at the site on a daily
or weekly basis using temporary markers or bunds.
7.5.3.2 WASTE D ISCHARGE & INSPECTION
Waste shall be discharged by tipping at the working area of a landfill, within the area
demarcated for the cell. A designated operator shall visually inspect every discharged load.
Working area personnel shall be trained and competent at waste identification in order that
they can recognize waste, which may be non-conforming. In the event of reasonable doubt
as to the waste acceptability, the operator shall inform the waste reception facility and/or
the site manager immediately.
7.5.3.3 WASTE PLACEMENT (SPREADING) & COMPACTION
Once waste has been discharged it shall be spread in layers and compacted in a well-defined
manner to ensure that the completed slopes of a daily cell are at the designed gradients.
Waste placement (spreading) can be done by the following methods:
Face tipping method: Waste is deposited on top of existing surface and spread
horizontally by tipping over an advancing face.
Inclined layering method (onion skin tipping): Similar to (a) but inclined layering
(gentile slope) done instead of advancing of face.
Working upwards: Waste is deposited on the lower surface and pushed upwards.
It is necessary to level and compact the waste as soon as it is discharged at the working
area. Steel wheeled mobile landfill compactors (smooth / cleared / spiked / special wheels)
are generally accepted as the best equipment for this purpose. They have largely replaced
the small crawler tracked machines, which were previously in general use.
7.5.3.4 POLLUTION PREVENTION & SAFETY DURING OPERATION:
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The following measures are needed to ensure that the landfill operation shall not adversely
affect local environment within and outside the landfill.
Traffic: Heavy lorry traffic shall give rise to nuisance, damage to road surface and
verges and routing problems. The following measures are helpful.
o Routing to avoid residential area.
o Using one-way routes to avoid traffic conflict in narrow roads.
o Carrying out road improvements, for example strengthening or widening
roads, improved provision of footpaths, improvement of sight lines, provision
of passing places, provision of new roads.
o Limiting the number of vehicle movements.
o Restrictions on traffic movement hours, which are staggered with respect to
peak traffic hours.
Noise: Adverse impacts on the local community from noise may arise from a number
of sources including: throughput of vehicles and fixed and mobile plant for example
compactors, generators at the site. Peripheral noise abatement site measures shall
be adopted.
Odour: Offensive odours at landfill sites may emanate from a number of sources,
including waste material, which have decomposed significantly prior to land filling,
Leachate and Leachate treatment systems, and landfill gas. Good landfill practices
shall greatly reduce general site smell and reduce impact from odours, which could
lead to complaints from the local community, site users and site staff.
Good practice includes: (a) adequate compaction; (b) speedy disposal and burial of
malodorous wastes; (c) effective use of appropriate types of daily cover, (d)
progressive capping and restoration; (e) effective landfill gas management; (f)
effective Leachate management and (g) consideration of prevailing wind direction
when planning Leachate treatment plants, gas flares, and direction of tipping.
Litter: Poor litter control both on and off site is particularly offensive to neighbours.
Good operational practice shall be adhered to in terms of temporary fencing, waste
discharge, placement, compaction and covering to minimize the occurrence of
windblown litter.
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Bird Control: Birds are attracted to landfill sites in large numbers where sites receive
appreciable amounts to bio wastes. Measures, which can be used to mitigate birds’
nuisance, include good landfill practice, working in small active areas and progressive
prompt covering of waste, together with the use of bird scaring techniques.
Vermin and Other Pests: Landfills have potential to harbour flies, rodents and
vermin, particularly where the waste contains biomaterials. Modern land filling
techniques including prompt emplacement, compaction and covering of wastes in
well-defined cells are effective in the prevention of infestation by rodents and
insects.
Dust: Dust from landfill operations is mainly a problem during periods of dry weather
but can also arise from dusty waste as it is tipped. Dust is generally associated with
(a) site preparation and restoration activities, (b) the disposal of waste comprising of
fine particles, for example powders, and (c) traffic dust. Dust suppression can be
effected by (a) limiting vehicle speed; (b) spraying roads with water and (c) spraying
site and powder type waste with water; (d) covering powder type waste with daily
soil cover.
Mud on the Road: Mud on the public highway in one of the most common causes of
public complaint. It is therefore, in the interest of the landfill operator to provide
adequate wheel cleaning facilities to ensure that mud is not carried off site by
vehicles.
Landfill Fire Management: Fires in waste on landfill sites are not uncommon and it is
important for site operators to be aware of the dangers, how to treat fires and to
address the problems associated with them. All fires on-site shall be treated as a
potential emergency and dealt with accordingly.
Landfill Safety Aspects: Training of employees shall include: site safety, first aid and
the handling of dangerous materials where appropriate. Since landfill sites can pose
dangers to both site operator and users, emergency plans shall be laid down. Landfill
sites shall be regarded as potentially hazardous locations and the operator shall have
a written safety plan for the site. Safety hazards present at landfill sites may include;
(a) moving plant and vehicle; (b) steep slopes; (c) bodies of standing water; (d)
contaminated, putrescible, toxic flammable or infective material and (e) noxious,
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flammable, toxic or hazardous gas. All employees and visitors to the site shall be
made aware of the potential hazards and the safety procedures to be implemented
including fire safety.
7.5.4 Closure and Monitoring Plan of Landfill Facility
As each cell is completed and as the final cover level is reached in successive cells, the
following interconnectivities are established:
(a) The Leachate collection system of each cell is sequentially connected (if so designed)
The surface water; drainage system at the cover of each cell is sequentially connected (of so
designed)
(b) Upon completion of all cells a final check is made of the proper functioning of all inter
connected systems.
An access road is provided on the landfill cover to enable easy approach for routine
inspection of the landfill cover.
7.5.4.1 POST CLOSURE VEGETATIVE STABILIZATION (LONG TERM)
If a landfill cover is intended to be used for a specific purpose e.g. park or vehicle parking
area, then the cover shall be stabilized in such a manner that the end-use is achieved.
However, if no specific end-use is envisaged, then long-term vegetative stabilization shall be
undertaken to return the land to its original and natural vegetative landform.
Vegetation is by far the most common and usually the preferred stabilization option after
closure of landfills. If a self-perpetuating vegetative cover can be established, not only can
wind and water erosion be minimized, but also the landfill can be returned to some
semblance of its original appearance and land use. In favourable climates, re-vegetation
may require only modest effort or may occur by natural process during a reasonably short
period of time. However, in arid climates or a harsh environment, establishment of
vegetation may be a difficult and costly process and alternative techniques may be
examined for vegetative stabilization.
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While the specific procedures are unique to each landfill and climatic regime, the following
representative elements of the process shall be adopted in all procedures.
(a) Short-term Vegetation: It is common practice, in both humid and dry environments, to
rely largely on grasses for the primary initial source of short-term land cover. Usually several
species are included in the initial seeding mixture to increase diversity and reduce the
chance of total community failure. Short-term vegetation is usually assisted by irrigation.
(b) Long-term Vegetation: To achieve the ultimate goal of attaining a self-sustaining and
stable community, a transition between short term and long-term vegetation must occur. In
some cases, this may be left to invasion by native species after short-term vegetation is
assured and soil development is well under way. In other cases – for example, when
irrigation has been used temporarily to establish the short-term community, it may be
necessary or desirable to enhance the natural succession process by replanting with a more
diverse mix of species suited to the next stage of community succession. The need for
artificial enhancement of the succession process shall depend on the success of previous
short-term efforts and on the ultimate intended land use. All vegetation efforts, however,
shall work toward self-generation and minimum management in the long term.
7.5.5 Record Keeping
7.5.5.1 DURING CONSTRUCTION OF L INERS AND COVERS
During the construction of liners and covers, inspection shall be carried by
independent agency / KPCB (or its nominee) at least twice during each cell to ensure
that construction procedures and quality assurance plan are being followed.
Immediately upon the completion of construction of a liner in each cell, the
complete set of construction records and quality control test results shall be
provided by the CIDCO to the KPCB for verification and record keeping. The same will
also be done upon the completion of cover system in each cell.
7.5.5.2 DURING OPERATION
The owner/operator shall monitor and keep a record of the following in the
operation period:
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o Functioning of the Leachate management system (including levels in leachate
holding tank) (weekly).
o Functioning of the surface water run-off system (weekly)
o Functioning of the gas management system (weekly)
o Waste filling records shall be kept on daily basis.
o Leachate sampling and monitoring shall be done 1 to 2 times a month.
Leachate shall be analysed for the parameters specified in Para 6.5. The
results shall be recorded and compared with the permissible limits provided
by the KPCB.
o After a major storm, the occurrence of the storm and functioning of various
systems shall be recorded.
The KPCB (or its nominee) shall inspect all facilities at least twice a year. The
owner/operator shall provide a copy of the environmental monitoring record to the
KPCB on a yearly basis.
7.5.5.3 DURING CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE PERIOD:
Period inspection and routine maintenance at a closed landfill site shall be carried out for a
period of 15 years after closure. The KPCB shall inspect all facilities during the closure and
post closure period at least once a year. The owner/operator shall provide a copy of the
environmental monitoring record to the KPCB once a year. The following components of a
closed landfill shall be inspected visually after landfill closure to confirm that all functional
elements are working satisfactorily and inspection report will be recorded. A maintenance
schedule with specified reporting formats is drawn up after each inspection.
(a) Cover System:
The final cover is inspected 2 to 4 times a year (a) to check that vegetation growth is
occurring satisfactorily and that plants are not showing stunted growth (b) to detect if any
erosion gullies have been formed thereby exposing the barrier layers, (c) to earmark
depressions that may have developed with time and (d) to identify pounding of water on
the landfill cover. At least one inspection shall be carried out during or immediately after
the peak of the monsoon season.
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Closed landfills show significant settlement. Rectification measures shall not only re-
establish the initial slope of the cover (for proper surface water run-off) but shall also
ensure that all the components of the landfill cover system continue to perform as originally
envisaged. CIDCO shall have sufficient equipment and funds to periodically carry out
maintenance work in the form of soil filling, re-grading the cover and re-vegetating the
landfill cap.
In areas where extensive erosion gully formation is observed, filling of cover material,
regarding of cover slopes and re-vegetation must be routinely undertaken.
(b) Surface Water Drainage System:
The surface water drainage system is also inspected 2 to 4 times a year (i) to identify cracks
in drains due to settlements. (ii) To delineate clogged drains requiring immediate clean up
and (iii) to study the level of deposited soil in the storm water basin and initiate excavation
measures. Broken pipes and extensively cracked drains may require replacement after
filling soil beneath them to establish slopes for gravity flow. In extreme cases where long-
term settlement shall be excessive, it shall become necessary to make sumps and operate
storm water pumps for removal of accumulated water in the drainage system.
(c) Leachate Management Systems:
A weekly operating record of Leachate management systems shall be kept in the post-
closure period. Periodic inspection of the Leachate collection systems (2 to 4 times a year) is
undertaken to identify broken pipes, leaking gas (if any) and damaged or clogged
wells/sumps. Repair work requires skilled manpower and shall be carried out by the
agencies operating the gas treatment and Leachate treatment facilities. One may often
have to install new gas extraction wells and Leachate collection wells if the damaged /
clogged facilities are inaccessible and irreparable.
7.5.6 Environmental Monitoring Systems:
Ground water monitoring wells, air quality monitoring systems shall be periodically carried
out to check that all systems are functioning satisfactorily and those well caps sampling
ports are not subjected to damage due to excessive settlement or vandalism.
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Environmental monitoring systems have to be maintained during the entire post-closure
period. Wherever possible, monitoring instruments must be periodically re-calibrated.
Sampling devices shall be routinely detoxified and also regularly checked for proper
functioning of the opening and closing of valves or spring-loaded mechanisms.
The activities to be carried out under environmental monitoring plan are as follows:
Sl.
No.
Activities to be
Carried Out
Parameters to be Monitored Duration of
Monitoring
1 Monitoring of groundwater
quality at up and down
streams in monitoring
wells
pH, TDS, Cl, Sulphates, Nitrates,
Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Phenolic Compounds
(as C6H5OH), Fe, Zn, As, Cd, Cr6+, Cu, CN, Pb, Hg
& Ni
Monthly
2 Monitoring of ambient air
quality at landfill
Suspended Particulate matter, CH4, SO2, NH3 &
CO
Bimonthly
3. Monitoring of Leachate
quality before and after
treatment
pH, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, Ammoniacal Nitrogen,
Kjeldahl Nitrogen, CN, Nitrates,
Total Hardness
(as CaCO3),
Cl, F, Sulphates, Kjeldahl N, BOD, COD, Phenolic
Compounds (as C6H5OH), Heavy Metals such as
As, Hg, Pb, Cd, total Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, CN etc.
Monthly
during rainy
season
4. Monitoring of landfill gas
quality
CH4, CO2 & CO Monthly
5. Monitoring of surface
water quality from drain
channel at the exit of
landfill
BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Cl- & Heavy Metals Monthly
during rainy
season
7.5.7 Post-Closure Criteria
After closure of the landfill, the owner/operator of the landfill shall maintain the
integrity of the final cover systems including making repair, as necessary to rectify
the settlement, subsidence or erosion of the cover.
After closure of the landfill, the owner/operator shall continue to operate all
Leachate, gas and surface water management systems as well as continue
environmental monitoring of the landfill for a period of 15 years or until such time
that harmful Leachate is not produced for 5 continuous years.
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The landfill shall be abandoned after 15 years of closure, if concentrations of contaminants
in all liquid and gaseous emissions from the landfill are observed to be below prescribed
limits. However, if the emissions continue to be hazardous, the landfill management
strategy shall have to be evolved.
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8 Institutional Aspects and Capacity
Building
The subject of solid waste management has remained neglected for the past several
decades with the result that the level of service is highly inadequate and inefficient. For
improving the solid waste management services it is essential to adopt modern methods of
waste management, have a proper choice of technology, which can work in the given area
successfully. Simultaneously, measures must be taken for institutional strengthening and
internal capacity building so that the efforts made can be sustained over a period of time
and the system put in place can be well managed. Institutional strengthening can be done
by adequately decentralizing the administration, delegating adequate powers at the
decentralized level, by inducting professionals into the administration and providing
adequate training to the existing staff. It will also be necessary to fix work norms for the
work force as well as for supervisory staff and the output expected from the vehicles and
machinery utilized. NGO/private sector participation also needs to be encouraged to make
the service competitive and efficient
8.1 Decentralization of Administration
In the town of Kalghatgi, the SWM services can be performed effectively by decentralization
of administration. The SWM functions are proposed to be decentralized as under:
8.1.1 Ward Level administration
The ward level administration should be fully responsible for ensuring storage of segregated
waste at source, primary collection of waste, street sweeping and taking the waste to bulk
community waste storage sites clearing debris and cleaning surface drains and public
spaces. The cleaning of each street, lane, by-lane, markets and public space should be
regularly supervised by the ward-level supervisors. Qualified supervisors having a diploma
of sanitary inspectors should be appointed as a ward level supervisor and he could be
designated as sanitary sub inspector. He should work under a sanitary inspector who should
supervise at least three wards.
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8.1.2 Town Level Administration
The town level administration should supervise and support the zonal level administration.
The central SWM Department should be responsible for upkeep of vehicles, construction of
transfer station setting up and maintenance of processing plants, incineration plants as well
as for managing the disposal sites in an environmentally acceptable manner.
The central SWM department should also be responsible for the procurement of vehicles,
equipment, and land for processing and disposal of waste. As a head office it should take
policy decisions and co-ordinate the activities of all the zones and the wards and be
answerable to the chief executive officer and elected body for the efficient functioning of
the department. It should look after the recruitment of manpower, human resources
development, training etc.
8.2 Delegation of Powers
Authority and responsibility should go hand in hand. For fixing accountability there should
be adequate delegation of fiscal and disciplinary powers to the officers and the supervisory
staff responsible for managing solid waste and carrying out all day-to-day functions
smoothly.
The Head of the SWM department should also have the power to punish subordinates
including supervisory staff. Adequate in-built checks may be introduced to ensure that the
delegated powers are not misused.
8.3 Work Norms
Norms of Work for Street Sweepers
The sweepers may be assigned “Pin point” individual work assignments according to the
density of the area to be swept. The yardsticks given earlier may be adopted.
As per Normative standards of GOK 1 sweeper is allotted for every 1000 M of Road length.
The norms of work for the supervisors may also be prescribed and monitored by the
Municipal Corporation, for the extent of sweeping areas and the number of garbage
collection points to be inspected each day by the various levels of supervisors and
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inspection of processing and disposal sites etc. to ensure adequate output of the
supervisory staff.
All Supervisory Officers right from sanitary sub-inspectors to Health Officer and Engineer in-
charge of SWM department must remain on the field for 4 hours in the morning between
the time of street sweeping and lunch break. The timings for the middle level supervisor
could be from 7.00 a.m. to 11.00 a.m. and for senior levels from 8.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon or
8.30 to 12.30 in the morning. The junior level supervisors should supervise there till the end
of the working hours of the street sweepers and transport staff. This supervision will have a
direct impact on the quality of service.
For capacity building of the department, senior officials should be frequently exposed to
developments taking place in various parts of the State and country by sending them out on
City visits and to attend seminars, workshops and training courses. They should also be
involved in all decision making processes.
The sweepers may be directed to sweep the roads and footpaths in the area allotted to
them as well as to collect the domestic, trade and institutional wastes in their handcart from
the households, shops and establishments situated on the road/street allotted to them. The
above sweeping norms are for cleaning the streets in the first 4 hours of the working day. In
the remaining hours of the day, if there is a continuous 7/8 hours duty, or in the evening
session, if there is broken duty, the sweepers should be assigned pin point work for cleaning
the streets in slums and unauthorized settlements to ensure hygienic conditions in the city
and prevent the problems of health and sanitation arising in such areas.
The roads, which have a central verge or divider, should be considered as two roads. In such
cases, the length of the road allotted for sweeping should be reduced to half or alternatively
separate sweepers may be engaged for sweeping two sides of the road.
Norms of work for supervisors may be prescribed and monitored by the local body for
inspection of sweeping done, clearance of waste storage depots, transportation of waste
carried out, etc. Inspection of processing and disposal sites by various levels of supervisors
may also be prescribed to ensure adequate output of all the supervisory staff.
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The first level supervisors could be asked to inspect the work of all the sweepers at least
once in two days. The sanitary sub-inspectors should inspect all the beats twice a week and
the sanitary inspector at least once a week. All temporary waste storage depots must also
be inspected by the same level of supervisors with the same frequency. All Supervisory
Officers right from Sanitary Sub Inspector to Health Officer/Chief Engineer in-charge of
SWM department must remain on the field for 4 hours in the morning between the time of
street sweeping and lunch break. The timings for the lower and middle level supervisor
should extend beyond the duty hours of the sanitation workers in the afternoon/evening to
verify whether work has been done properly. This supervision will have a direct impact on
the quality of service.
For capacity building of the department, senior officials should be frequently exposed to
developments taking place in various parts of the State/ country by sending them out on
city visits and for attending seminars, workshops and training courses. They should also be
involved in all decision making processes
8.4 Induction of Environmental/Public Health Engineers
The subject of solid waste management, so far being handled by Health Officers, and now
handled by environmental engineers or public health engineers with the support of
mechanical/automobile engineers to handle the workshop facilities. Qualified engineers
should, therefore, be inducted as under.
i. Public Health/Environmental Engineers of the level of Executive Engineer to
head the SWM department.
ii. Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder/Sanitation Officer @ 1 S.O. per Zone.
iii. Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder Sanitary Inspector (S.I.) @ 1 S.I. per
50,000.
iv. Qualified sanitation diploma holder Sanitary Sub-inspector. Per 25,000
population or part thereof.
8.4.1 Need of Manpower
A. Professionals and supervisors for Collection and Transportation
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Table 8-1 Existing and Required Manpower for Collection and Transport
S.No Grade Present Required as per Norm (till 2022*)
1 Environmental Engineers 0 0
2 Sanitation Officer 1 0
3 Sanitary Inspector 0 0
4 Sanitary Sub-inspector 0 1
5 Pourkarmikas 22
23
6 Drivers 6
7 Weighbridge operator - 1
8 Security Person at Landfill site - 1
*After yr 2022 numbers would require to be updated as per prevailing norms in yr 2022.
8.5 Human Resource Development
Human Resource development is very essential for internal capacity building for any
organization. Training, motivation, incentives for outstanding service and disincentives for
those who fail to perform are essential for human resources development.
Concerted efforts should be made by the Municipal Corporation to inculcate among its
officers and staff a sense of pride in the work they do and to motivate them to perform and
give their optimum output to improve the level of services of the City and the image of the
Municipal Council.
8.5.1 Training
Solid Waste Management has been a neglected subject for the past several decades.
Systems have, therefore, not developed to improve the service. Knowledge of new
technology and methods coupled with training at all levels is necessary. No specialized
courses have so far been designed to meet need of different levels of staff. Short and
medium term courses should, therefore, be designed for the sanitation workers and
supervisory staff. Special training and refresher courses may also be conducted as under:-
8.5.2 Special Training to Unqualified Staff
Unqualified supervisory staff should be given in service training to qualify for supervising
sanitation works. They may be sent out for training to the All India Institute of Local Self
Government or such similar institutions which designs special courses for sanitation
supervisors.
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8.5.3 Refresher Courses for All Levels of Staff
Refresher courses should be conducted for the sanitation workers as well as supervisory
staff at least once in every 5 years, or they should be sent for training to get an exposure to
advance in this field.
8.5.4 Exposure to Municipal Commis sioner/ Chief Executives
It is necessary to give an orientation to the Municipal Commissioners/Chief Executives of the
local bodies and make them aware of this important aspect of Urban Management. They
may therefore be given exposure to SWM through short training programs.
8.5.5 Exposure to Elected Members
Whereas the Municipal Commissioners or the Chief Executives are responsible for day-to-
day affairs of the urban local bodies, the elected members are the policy makers and their
sanctions are essential for any major investments or improvements in SWM services. It is,
therefore, necessary that the members of the elected wing such as the Mayors/Presidents
of the Corporations/Municipalities and other important office bearers of the local bodies
are given appropriate orientation towards the need of modernization of solid waste
management practices in the urban areas and the importance of the same in terms of
health and sanitation in the cities/towns. If these members are given an appropriate
exposure, they would automatically support adequate financing for solid waste
management services and strengthen the hands of chief executives in the implementation
of modern methods of waste management and they would also help in getting public
support through their network of field workers.
8.5.6 Design SWM Courses
SWM courses may be designed and regularly updated for Engineering, Medical and applied
science disciplines. Academic institutions at the national and state levels should be involved
in this exercise by the concerned departments of Central and State Governments
respectively. The syllabus of the engineering colleges, medical studies as well as sanitary
inspectors’ diploma courses should lay adequate emphasis on solid waste management.
Following Table Summarizes the training requirement for specific category of Solid Waste
Management workers.
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Table 8-2: Training Requirement for Municipal Workers
Sr. No Designation Training Requirement
1 Municipal Commissioner / Chief
Officer / President of ULB
Training on Public Private Partnership, Project Finance
Exposure Visits to Best Practices in MSWM
2 Environment Engineer Training on Staff Management, Operation and Maintenance of
Solid Waste Management Facilities. Exposure Visits to Best
Practices in MSWM
3 Sanitary Inspector Training on Collection, Transportation, Processing and disposal
practices of MSWM
Training on IEC Practices
4 Pourkarmikas / Street Sweeping
Workers
Training on Health and Safety during MSWM
8.5.7 Promotional Opportunit ies
Adequate promotional opportunities should be available in the decentralized SWM
hierarchy to maintain the interest of the supervisory staff to remain in the department.
Special Training to Unqualified Staff
Unqualified supervisory staff should be given in service training to qualify for
supervising sanitation works.
Refresher Courses for Supervisory Staff
Refresher courses should be conducted for the supervisory staff at least every 5
years, or they should be sent for training to get an exposure to advance in this field
8.6 The Entire Administration of SWM Department to Be Under
One Umbrella
With a view to avoid the problems of lack of coordination and passing of responsibility to
others, it is necessary to have one person exclusively in charge of SWM in the City. The
overall control in relation to collection, transportation, processing and disposal of all waste,
including workshop facilities, should lie with him. He should also be responsible for the
cleaning of open drains under 24” depth, collection of silt, construction waste and debris
and vehicle deployment and maintenance. This work should not be left to the Engineering
Department, which should however continue to be responsible for the removal and
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transportation of silt from the underground drains, storm water drains or surface drains
exceeding 24” depth, and the left over waste material from their Engineering and major
road works.
8.7 Inter Departmental Co-Ordination
Since the SWM department depends greatly upon the support of various departments of
the Municipal Corporation, more particularly the Engineering department, the Municipal
Commissioner may hold regular monthly co-ordination meetings to sort out problems faced
by the SWM department such as expeditious repairs of roads, drains, water-supply pipe-
lines etc. which cause hindrance to street and City cleaning. The reinstatement of roads dug
up by utility services should also be given priority.
The procurement procedures for the SWM equipment also need to be expedited and
simplified in such meetings. A Rate-contract system should replace time consuming
tendering procedures.
There should be an Apex Committee comprised of representatives of various utility services,
headed by the Municipal Commissioner to co-ordinate the laying of underground services in
the City by various utilities and the reinstatement of the roads as soon as the underground
services are laid. The Apex Committee should ensure that repeated digging of road is
avoided for laying of services by various utilities at time. The works to be carried out by
various utilities on a particular road should be coordinated to prevent frequent digging of
roads.
Laying and maintaining of services in slums, provision of public health engineering services
and water supply for public toilets and road construction in the slums to improve overall
health and sanitation in the City may also be regularly reviewed in the co-ordination
committee meetings.
8.8 Encouragement to NGO’S and Waste Collector Co -Operatives
NGOs may be fully involved in creating public awareness and encouraging public
participation in SWM planning and practice.
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The Municipal Council may also encourage NGOs or co-operative of rag pickers to enter this
field and organize rag pickers in doorstep collection of waste and provide them an
opportunity to improve their working conditions and income. The Municipal Corporation
can give incentives to NGOs in their effort of organizing rag pickers in primary collection of
recyclable and/or organic waste, and provide financial and logistic support to the extent
possible.
8.8.1 NGO/Private Sector Participation
SWM services are highly labour intensive on account of increased wage structure of the
Government and municipal employees this service is becoming more and more expensive.
Besides, the efficiency of the labour force employed in the Municipal Corporation is far from
satisfactory. High wage structure and inefficiency of the work force results into steep rise in
the cost of service and yet the people at large are not satisfied with the level of service
being provided by the Municipal Corporation. Efforts to increase the efficiency by H.R.D. and
institutional strengthening will, to some extent improve the performance but they may not
be enough. It is, therefore, necessary that the Municipal Corporation seriously consider
augmenting NGO/private sector participation in solid waste management.
Private sector participation or public private partnerships may be considered by Municipal
Corporation keeping in mind the provisions of the Contract Labour (Regulation and
Abolition) Act 1970 of the Government of India under which state governments can prohibit
contracting out the services already being provided by the Municipal Corporation.
Therefore, while considering any measure of privatization it is necessary to keep in mind the
provisions of the above law, the directions that may have been issued by the state
government under this law in those areas which are not prohibited and where Municipal
Corporation is not currently providing a service. This will check growth in the establishment
costs, bring in economy in expenditure and introduce an element of healthy competition
between the private sector and the public sector in solid waste management services. There
should be a right mix of private sector and public sector participation to ensure that there is
no exploitation of labour as well as of the management.
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NGO/private sector participation can, therefore, be considered in newly developed areas,
under-served areas and particularly in areas where Municipal Corporation have not been
providing service. Some examples are given below:
NGO/private participation is recommended in the areas of door to door collection of
domestic waste, door to door collection of commercial waste, door to door collection of
hospital waste, hotel waste, construction waste, and yard waste, and in the area of
awareness and creating public participation. The private sector may also be brought in for
the operation and maintenance of compost plants and other treatment plants and O& M of
engineered landfill facility.
Major repairs and maintenance of vehicles at a private garage may also be considered
seriously.
8.8.2 Incentives to the NGO/Private Sector
Solid waste management, processing and disposal are an area where the private sector has
still not shown much interest. The private sector has, therefore, to be given some incentives
by way of long term contract, assured supply of garbage at the plant site, lease of land at
nominal rates for entering this field.
NGO as well as Private sector participation may be encouraged in such a way that it does
not affect the interests of the existing labour; it does not violate the provisions of the above
law, does not exploit the private labour and yet reduces the burden of the Municipal
Corporation. This will substantially help in improving the quality of service of the Municipal
Corporation, effect economy in expenditure and also give scope to the private sector to
enter the waste management market.
8.9 Public Awareness
8.9.1 Introduction
Everyone is concerned with the growing problems of waste disposal in urban areas with the
scarce availability of land for processing and disposal of waste and environmental
remediation measures becoming ever more expensive. It is therefore necessary to not only
think about effective ways and means to process and dispose of the waste that we generate
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each day, it is also essential to seriously consider how to avoid or reduce the generation of
waste in the first place and to consider ways to re-use and recycle the waste, so that the
least quantity of waste needs to be processed and disposed off.
8.9.2 Reduce Reuse Recycle (R-R-R)
In Kalghatgi there is very negligible action on Reduce, Reuse and Recycling of waste. The
quantity of packaging waste material and non-bio-degradable waste is going up alarmingly
every year. This increases the burden on local bodies to deal with the problem of non-
biodegradable and non-recyclable components of waste landing up at processing and
disposal sites.
8.9.3 Recycling of waste by all concerned
All manufacturers producing a variety of domestic and non-domestic products, food as well
as non-food should be persuaded to seriously endeavour to use re-usable packaging
materials so that after the delivery of goods, the packaging materials could be collected
back and used over and over again. They could also consider minimizing or avoiding use of
unnecessary packaging materials by innovative methods.
Incentives & product discount should be given to consumers for the return of packaging or
bottling materials in good condition, to the waste producers or retailers to promote re-use.
The cost of packed articles and article without packaging material could be kept different
with a choice to consumers to take the article without the packaging material at low cost.
In this era of excessive packaging materials being used, a lot of recyclable waste material is
generated. All-out efforts are necessary to retrieve recyclable material from the households,
shops and establishments and fed to the recycling industries through intermediaries such as
waste purchasers, waste collectors/NGOs, etc.
Recycling means the reprocessing of used materials that would otherwise become waste. It
breaks materials down to its main component and produces new products. Recycling is most
common for valuable material or materials that are costlier if produced from virgin raw
material (such as metal, plastic, glass, and electronic waste). Recycling of organic matter
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produces compost, which can be used as a soil enricher in gardens and horticulture and
which contributes to improved agriculture production.
8.9.4 Reuse
Efforts should be made to encourage collection of re-usable material through waste
collectors, waste producers, NGOs and private sector instead of allowing reusable waste to
land up on the disposal sites. Bottles, cans, tins, drums and cartons can be reused.
Reuse happens when something that already fulfilled its original function is used for another
purpose. However, reuse does not involve reproducing or transforming the item. For
Example typical reuse strategies are the deposit refund system for glass bottles or
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottles, old tires that are used in fences or as boat
fenders, steel drums that are used as compost bins or plastic bags that are reused as liners
for household waste bins.
8.9.5 Recycling
In this era of excessive packaging materials being used, a lot of recyclable waste material is
generated. All-out efforts are necessary to retrieve recyclable material from the households,
shops and establishments and fed to the recycling industries through intermediaries such as
waste purchasers, waste collectors/NGOs, etc.
8.9.6 Public Participation
Public participation is the basis for improving the solid waste management. This requires lot
of effort. Public participation is essential in the following activities.
a) The waste/litter should not be through in the drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc.
b) Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste.
c) Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source.
d) Primary collection of waste
e) Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial complexes,
etc and other waste source generators.
g) Pay adequately for the services provided.
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The local body should decide the methodology to be adopted for reaching the community
and seeking their cooperation and effective participation in SWM services. This is a very
difficult area of activity and unless this is done meticulously, desired results will not be
achieved.
The essential steps in this direction is to select representative samples of the community
and go through a consultative process to ascertain the perceptions of the people about the
SWM services being given to them, their expectations and extent to which they are willing
to support and participate in the process. Their choice of technological options available
also needs to be ascertained.
There is a need to interact with the community to Identify problems of waste management
through site visits and consultation with local population at the time when the community is
generally available for interaction. It may either be in early morning or late evening. The
areas may be selected by following the method of drawl of representative samples.
Situation analysis may be done by the persons who know the subject reasonably well, know
local language and can communicate with local population effectively. Such persons may be
Non-Governmental Organisations, Community Based Organisations or knowledgeable
individuals. They should try to find out the prevalent situation of waste management in the
area under observation and ascertain the perceptions of the people about the services
provided. In this exercise the local councillors, local leaders, NGOs, etc., may be invited to
participate
8.9.7 Finding out optional solutions
Having identified the deficiencies in the system and known the public perceptions, the next
essential step is to think of optional solutions to tackle the problems, workout the cost
implications and level of public participation needed.
8.9.8 Consult community on options available
There should be second round of consultative process where the options worked out may
be discussed with the community along with cost implications and their support required.
Their suggestions may be sought on each solution proposed. The community may be
encouraged to give their views. If we ask the people straight away the solutions of the
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problems they may not be able to give right kind of suggestions as they have no exposure of
various technological options. Therefore, they must be first appraised of the options
available and then asked to give their considered opinion on what will work in their area and
how much they are willing to cooperate.
8.9.9 IEC & Capacity Building
There is a need for capacity building to promote the concept of waste segregation at source.
A detailed plan for capacity building has to be developed. An overview of the concepts,
mass awareness program involved and training is presented here. A budget for the mass
awareness campaign has been included in the estimates. The success of the segregation
concept is based on the consistent follow up over a long period of time.
In Solid Waste Management (SWM) the people, partnerships, coalitions, resources and skills
very are essential to its successful implementation. Multiple approaches have to be adopted
for creating awareness and participation including.
Conducting IEC campaigns
Providing access to repositories of information and resources (e.g. databases,
libraries
and web sites)
Trainings (public, customized or on-line)
Consultation (e.g. coaching, facilitating, expert advice and conducting research)
Publications
Coordinating alliances
Web based forum for interaction among different players
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns are critical for working with
individuals, communities and societies to promote positive behaviours. The IEC strategies
should combine approaches and methods that enable individuals, families, groups,
organizations and communities to play active role in achieving, protecting and sustaining the
desired behavioural change. Solid Waste Management is an activity in which volunteerism
and public participation are the keys to success. It is not only the technology but public
attitude and behaviour that are going to make the difference. A participation model for
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implementation of Segregation and a table giving details of activities to be practiced are
presented below.
Target
Group
Area covered in brief Topics
Elected
Representat
ives- Group
1
General Orientation on:
Solid Waste Management-
Technical, Institutional,
Financial and legal aspects
Technical Aspects:
4R Concept-Reduce, reuse, recover, recycle
Institutional Aspects:
Collection & Storage
Transportation
Transfer Stations
Role of NGOs/ CBOs
Financial Aspects:
Budgeting for SWM
Cost recovery for SWM services
Legal Aspects:
MSW(M&H) Rules, 2000
MSWM in Kerala Municipalities Act
Byelaw
Mobilization for Action,
Human Resource
Development
Interactive process for Strategic thinking (by
communities, NGOs, professionals& ULB) to prioritize
SWM issues and to identify resources to address them.
Interactive process for improving the efficiency,
effectiveness and the performance of local SWM
systems.
(iii) Steps for Improving SWM
Senior
Officers
General Orientation on
SWM Plan Preparation
and Implementation
including technical &
technological aspects
Need for Planning-present inadequacies and shortfalls.
How to prepare an SWM Plan (preliminaries like
quantitative and qualitative survey of MSW ,
Identification of technology options, community
mobilization, facilitating alliances Implementation of
SWM Plan Different technology options Role of
different players
Financial Management Budgeting for SWM
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Target
Group
Area covered in brief Topics
Cost recovery for SWM Services
Legal Policy aspects MSW(M&H) Rules, 2000
Monitoring & Evaluation What is Monitoring?
What is Evaluation?
Record keeping and Documentation
Importance of Monitoring& Evaluation
Monitoring Tools
Human Resource
Management for SWM
Human resource for SWM- Capacity Assessment
Human Resource Development For SWM(developing
personal and organizational skills, knowledge, abilities
of staff; opportunities for employee training, employee
career, performance, coaching, mentoring, succession
planning, key employee identification etc )
Human Resource Management System for SWM(work
time, recruiting, training, performance)
Field
Workers
Orientation on Effective
Collection, Segregation
and Transportation of
Solid Waste
Different Types of MSW
Handling of Hazardous/dangerous items
Primary Collection and Transportation
Tips for effective collection and transportation
Source: AIILSG Analysis
As part of this project a budget for awareness creation has been included with the following
objectives.
a) To undertake an awareness campaign to reach about 80,000 household, commercial
establishments and institutions on a door to door basis using Pamphlets and one to
one interaction over a period of 3 months.
b) To undertake a campaign for organizing awareness days at about 150 schools,
educational institutions and other centres across the city.
c) Carrying out 'Waste Management waste Day Events' once a week for a period of 6
months.
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These activities would be carried after the procurement of the vehicles and setting up of the
integrated waste processing management facility with scope for processing segregated
waste and recovering resources from the collected segregated waste. The message in the
IEC would be communicate the action taken by the KMC and the expectations from the
community for ensuring that an segregation based integrated waste management facility
becomes a reality.
Table 8-3: Action Plan for target groups
S.No. Target
Groups
Target Group Details Action Plan
1 Waste
Generator
Residential Areas (Women
(household), Maids, children
and Youths).
Commercial Areas (Shopping
areas, Vegetable markets,
Offices, Hotels,
Restaurants).
Institutional Areas (Jr. High
Schools, Colleges)
Holding locality-wise meetings, seminars,
targeted community meetings with self-help
groups, through street plays, technical and
pictorial presentation along with aware them
about health hazards and remedial measures
and sanitation improvement.
Informing and suggesting them about the
segregated waste management and their
important role.
2 Waste
Collector
Sweepers
Rag pickers
Waste loaders
Truck drivers
Landfill supervisors
They all should be involved and sensitize
about the need of segregated waste
collection and sanitation Improvement.
The waste collection, transportation and
disposal of the waste in proper timing so that
waste could not be overflow.
The waste collector should be trained about
the collection of segregated waste.
3 Waste
Managers
Administrators and
supervisors
Control and monitoring
team
Complaint handlers
Computer software
operators and specialists
Presenting them about the Rules and
Regulation and updating them about the
ongoing activities and techniques for MSW
management.
Training programs for the technical staffs
Providing the reviews of progress and
monitoring activities
4 Leaders Political Leaders (Local
MLA, MP)
Religious Leaders
Community Leaders
These leaders can be motivated to
participate actively in promotional efforts of
community involvement in
segregated solid waste management.
5 School
Teachers
and
Primary Schools
Jr. High Schools
Public Schools
School teachers can be informed and
involved in the segregated solid waste
management scheme and can be motivated
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S.No. Target
Groups
Target Group Details Action Plan
Students to educate the children for the sanitary
improvement.
The students can be educated and trained for
the segregated waste management system
and they can be great awareness creators for
the societies.
Some groups of students can be created as
monitoring and awareness team for
sanitation improvement which will make a
great impact on societies and communities.
6 Media Print Media
Electronic Media
Launching mass campaign for educating and
motivating local communities and families
about the need of segregation of Solid Waste
and its management for sanitation and
hygienic improvement.
7 Elite
groups or
social
organizati
ons
NGOs, Societies
CBOs
Sr. citizens Association
Rotary Clubs/ Lions Club
Sensitize and motivate local influential people
like Sr. citizens, leading businessmen, social
club members, NGOs and CBOs etc. to
undertake or sponsor such activities for solid
waste management for effective strategy of
public participation and awareness.
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9 Summary of financial requirement
The summary of financial requirement for proposed Solid Waste Management DPR is given
in this section. It is recommended to set up and operate an efficient solid waste
management system in the town.
9.1 Requirement of Capital Cost
The table below gives details of the financial requirement as capital expenditure for
improving efficiency of waste management.
Table 9-1 Cost Estimate for proposed vehicles, Equipment and machinery
Vehicles/Equipment Required 2017-22 Unit Cost Total Cost
Rs in Lakhs Rs in Lakhs
Plastic Bins for segregation of Wet & Dry Waste
Gross Requirement No’s 7836
available at present No’s -
To be Procured No’s 7836 Rs. 0.00121 Rs. 9.48
Twin Compartment 2 Cum Box tippers for D2D Collection
Gross Requirement No’s 3
available at present No’s 1
To be Procured No’s 2 Rs. 5.20 Rs. 10.40
Push Carts (6 Bins) for Street sweeping by ULB
Gross Requirement No’s 10
available at present No’s 5
To be Procured No’s 5 Rs. 0.137 Rs. 0.69
Push Carts (6 Bins) for Door to Door Collection in Congested Areas
Gross Requirement No’s 2
available at present No’s 1
To be Procured No’s 1 Rs. 0.137 Rs. 0.14
3 Cum Capacity Tractor-Trailer for Road Sweeping Waste Collection & C&D Collection
Gross Requirement No’s 1
available at present No’s 1
To be Procured No’s 0 Rs. 7.25 Rs 0.00
3 Cum Capacity Tractor-Trailer for Targeted Bulk Collection (Vegetable Market & Hotels)
Gross Requirement No’s 1
available at present No’s 1
To be Procured No’s - Rs. 7.25 Rs. 0.00
Back-Hoe Loader at Landfill Site 75 HP
Gross Requirement No’s 1
available at present No’s 1
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
124
124
Vehicles/Equipment Required 2017-22 Unit Cost Total Cost
To be Procured No’s - Rs. 18.35 Rs. 0.00
Amount required for Vehicles/Equipment Rs. 20.70
Table 9-2: Estimated Budget expenditure
S.No.
Description Total Estimated
Amount Contingency - 3%
Grand Total
1 Collection & Transport 20.70 0.62 21.32
2 Processing Facility 55.92 1.68 57.60
3 Mechanical Component at Processing Facility 41.00 1.23 42.23
4 Leachate Treatment Cost - {Phytorid Technology} 17.61 0.53 18.14
5 Sanitary Landfill & associated facilities 39.18 1.18 40.35
6 Recycling facilities 10.00 0.30 10.30
7 Social Forestry 6.00 0.18 6.18
9 Rain water Harvesting 1.07 0.03 1.11
10 Dry Waste E Waste Collection Centre 4.46 0.13 4.60
11 Bio Mining/Bioremediation 5.00 0.15 5.15
Total Estimated Amount 200.95 6.03 206.98
9.2 Funding Pattern
S. No. Government Project contribution source Amount in Rs. Lakhs
% share by Govt. entity
1 Central SBM Grant 72.44 35.00%
2 State Grant towards its share in project 48.29
23.33%
3 Committed contribution by the TP 62.09 25.00%
4 Deficit 24.15 Total 206.98
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
125
125
9.3 Detailed BOQ and Estimates
Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1
Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142
Cum 1 20 12 0.15 36.0 36 32 1134
2
KSRRB M300-59.1. Loosening of the ground upto a level of 400mm below the sub grade level, watered, graded and compacted in layers ( which includes watering charges and compaction by vibratory roller)Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl No. 19.65, pg.no. 149
Cum 1 20 12 0.15 36.0 36 55 1966
3
KSRRB M400-6.2 Construction of granular sub- base by providing close graded material , spreading in uniform layers with motor grader on prepared surface , mixing by mix in place method by rotavator at OMC and compacting with vibratory power roller to achieve the desired density , complete as per specification.(Grade 2) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 20.5.2, pg.no. 155
Cum 1 20 12 0.125 30.0 30 1636 49077
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
126
126
Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
4
KSRRB M600-1 Construction of dry lean cement concrete mix CC1:5:10 with OPC cement @ 160 Kg, with 25 mm down size graded granite metal coarse aggregate at 0.86 cum and fine aggregates @0.58 Cum Sub-base over a prepared sub-grade with (coarse and fine aggregate conforming to IS : 383) aggregate cement ratio not to exceed 15:1Aggregate gradation after blending to be as per Table 600-1 cement content mot to be less than 160Kg/Cum, optimum moisture content to be determined during trial length construction, concrete strength not to be less than 10 Mpa at 7 days, mixed in a batching plant, transported to site, laid with a paver with electronic sensor, compacting with 8-10 tones vibratory roller, finishing and curing complete as per specifications Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 22.1, pg.no. 176
Cum 1 20 12 0.15 36.0 36 4129 148630
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
127
127
Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
5
Construction of un-reinforced plain cement concrete pavement (PQC)thickness as per design, over a prepared sub base with OPC cement at 360Kg per cum coarse aggregate @ 0.69cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with superplastisers @3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, mixed in a concrete mixer of not less than 0.6cum capacity and appropriate weigh batcher as per approved mix design, laid in approved fixed side form work (steel channel, laying and fixing of 125 micron thick polythene film, wedges, steel plates including levelling the form work as per drawing) and spreading the concrete with shovels, rackers compacted using needle, screed and plate vibrator and finished in a continuous operation inclusing provision of contraction, expansion, construction and longitudinal joints, including groove cutting charges, joint filler, separation membrane, sealant primer, joint sealant, admixtures as approved, curing compound, finishing to lines and grades as per drawing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 22.6 pg.no.177
Cum 1 20 12 0.2 48.0 48 6128 294134
6
KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
128
128
Name of the work : Civil Work for Platform for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
Tonne 493.6 1516.8 2010.4 2.1 2 63453 133943
7
KSRRB M300-54 Construction of Earthen shoulders with approved materials obtained from excavation from departmental land or other sources with all lifts & leads, spreading, grading to required slope and compaction complete as per specifications(Which includes watering charges & compaction by vibratory roller) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 19.61 pg.no. 148
2 20 0.5 0.45 9.0 0
2 12 0.5 0.45 5.4 0
Cum 14.4 14 445 6411
Total Amount Rs. 6,35,295
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1
Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally upto 1 km lead.(Depth upto 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7
Foundation F1 10 2.15 1.95 1.65 69.2
Foundation F2 0 0 0 0 0.0
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
129
129
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
Cum 69.2 69.2 56 3850
2
KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
Foundation F1 10 2.15 1.95 0.15 6.3
Foundation F2 0 0 0 0 0.0
Cum
6.3 6.3 5637 35453
3
KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with superplasticisers @ 3 litters conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 4.2.2, Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13
Foundation F1 10 2 1.8 0.45 16.2 0
Foundation F2 0 0 0 0 0.0
Columns upto Plinth Level 10 0.3 0.45 1.525 2.1 0
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
130
130
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
Cum Total 18.3 18.3 6540 119420
4
KSRB 4.2.8: Providing and laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, vibrated for beam, Roof slab including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14
Plinth Beam 2 18.39 0.23 0.38 3.2 0
Columns above plinth level 10 0.3 0.45 4.525 6.1 0
Cum Total 9.3 9.3 6473 60352
5
KSRB 2.3: Filling available excavated earth in sides of foundations upto plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. In depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead upto 50m. and lift upto 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.no. 2.10, pg.no. 6
Foundation F1 10 2.15 1.95 1.5 62.9
Foundation F2 0 0 0 0 0.0
Filling below Plinth Beam 2 18.39 0.23 0.07 0.59
62.9
Deduction
Foundation F1 10 2 1.8 0.45 16.2 0
Foundation F2 0 0 0 0 0.0
Columns upto Plinth Level 10 0.3 0.45 1.525 2.1
18.3
Total 44.6 44.6 133 5951
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
131
131
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
6
KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of Columns for mass concrete including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.4.28, pg.no. 15
Footing F1 10 7.6 0.45 34.2 0
Footing F2 0 0 0 0.0
Columns below plinth 10 1.5 1.525 22.9 0
57.1 57.1 237.3 13544
7
KSRB 4-6.5: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for columns, pillers, post and struts, square/ rectangular/ polugon in plan including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.35, pg.no. 16
Columns above plinth level 10 1.5 4.525 67.9 0
182.0 182.0 384 69952
8
KSRB 4-6.7: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for sides and soffits of beams, beams haunching, cantilever, girders, bressumers and lintels etc not exceeding 1 M in depth including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.34, pg.no. 16
Plinth Beam 2 37.24 0.38 28.3 28.3 269 7608
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
132
132
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
5
KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17
Tonne 2.16 2.16 63453 137058
6
Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Angular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S. angles and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No. 7.30, pg.no. 41
Kg 7746 7746 128 992263
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
133
133
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
7
KSRB 8.3-2 Providing and laying to required line and slope roofing with semi-corrugated (Trafford) asbestos cement sheet 6mm.thick fixed with galvanized iron J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8mm dia. C.I. plain and bitumen washers, over the existing purlins, rafters and trusses including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.8.6, pg.no. 46
Sqm 2 20 6.2 248.0 248.0 414 102598
8
KSRB 8.3-4 Providing and fixing Ridges and hips with asbestos cement sheet roofing with G.I. J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8 mm. dia. G.I. plain and bitumen washers, serrated or plain wings, adjustable ridges, including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.8.8, pg.no. 46
M 2 20 0 0 40.0 40.0 340.2 13608
9
Providing and laying to required line walls with GI sheet fixed with hook, bolts and nuts 8mm. Dia. GI plain and bitumen washers, at the existing angle section including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. As per Market rate
L 2 20 3 120.0
S 2 9 3 54.0
S 0 0 0 0.0
Sq.m 174.0 174 515 89523
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
134
134
Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
10
KSRB 15-18.1 Applying red lead ready mix priming coat over new steel or other metal surface including preparing the surface after thoroughly cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter, and sourced with wire brushes, fine steel wool, sand papers including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.73 pg.no.121
Sq.m 348.0 348 29 10109
11
KSRB 15-18.2 Providing and applying enamel metal paint two coats (excluding priming coat) over new steel or other metal surface brushing to give an even shed after cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.74 pg.no.121
Sq.m 348.0 348 82 28501
Total Amount Rs. 16,89,789
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
135
135
Name of the work : Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Kalaghatagi
Length of Storm Water Gutter 393 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length Width
Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate Amount
1
Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142
Cum 1 403 0.75 0.65 196.46 196 32 6189
2
KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
cum 1 393 0.75 0.1 29.475 29 5637 166164
3
KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with superplasticisers @ 3 liters conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
136
136
Name of the work : Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Kalaghatagi
Length of Storm Water Gutter 393 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length Width
Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate Amount
North Karnataka KSRB 4.2.2, Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13
cum 1 393 0.65 0.1 25.545 26
2 393 0.1 0.45 17.685 18
43 6540 282744
4
KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17
525.38 248.38
773.75 0.81 0.81 63452.55 51551
Total Amount Rs. 5,06,647
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
137
137
Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit Total Qty.
No. Length Width Height Qty. Final Rate
Amount
1
Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally upto 1 km lead.(Depth upto 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7
Cum 68 1 7.2 4.2 2.25 68.04 56 3786
2
KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
Cum 3 1 7.2 4.2 0.1 3.024 5637 17048
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
138
138
Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit Total Qty.
No. Length Width Height Qty. Final Rate
Amount
3
KSRB 4.2.8 Providing and Laying in position reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.69cum and fine aggregates @ 0.46cum,with superplastisiser @ 3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008,machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for Footing, Retaining walls, return walls, walls(Any thickness), including attached pilasters, bed blocks, etc., including the cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14
Footing 1 7.2 4.2 0.35 10.584 0
Tank Walls 1 2 6.2 0.2 1.8 4.464 0
Tank Walls 2 2 3.2 0.2 1.8 2.304 0
Cover Slab 1 6.4 3.4 0.125 2.72 0
Hauch 1 2 6 0.007 0.084 0
Hauch 2 2 3 0.007 0.042 0
Cum 20 20.198 6378 128823
4
KSRB 4-6.5: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for columns, pillars, post and struts, square/ rectangular/ polygon in plan including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.35, pg.no. 16
Footing 1 22.8 0.35 7.98 0
Tank Walls 1 2 12.8 1.8 46.08 0
Tank Walls 2 2 6.8 1.8 24.48 0
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
139
139
Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Kalaghatagi
Sr No
Description of Item Unit Total Qty.
No. Length Width Height Qty. Final Rate
Amount
Cover Slab 1 19.6 0.125 2.45 0
Cover Slab sides 2 12.014 24.028 0
Hauch 2 6.014 12.028 0
Sq.m. 117 117.046
384 44981
5
KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17
Tonne 2 2.335 63453 148162
6
Providing Internal Cement Plaster 12mm thick in a single coat in cement mortar 1:4 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.10 pg.no.113
Tank Walls 1 2 6.2 1.8 22.32
Tank Walls 2 2 3.2 1.8 11.52
Sq.m. 34 33.84 162 5482
Total Amount Rs. 3,48,281
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
140
140
Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Drain @ Kalaghatagi
Length of Leachate Collection Drain 76 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1
Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard /ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw upto 2 mtrs and average lift upto 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2015-16 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142
Cum 76 0.55 0.6 25.08 25 32 790
2
KSRB 12.3.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of M 7.5 using 40 mm down size graded granite / trap metal for haunching of 300mm internal diameter half circular stoneware pipes, concrete machine mixed laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, well compacted, including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. As per Market Rate
M 76 76 76 762 57912
Total Amount Rs. 58,702
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
141
141
Name of the work : Civil Work for Compound Wall @ Kalaghatagi
Length of Compound Wall 298 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1
Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally upto 1 km lead.(Depth upto 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7
Foundation 298 0.8 0.8 0.8 153
Cum 153 152.6 56 8,491
2
KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
For Foundation 298 0.8 0.8 0.15 28.61
For Fencing 83 0.36 0.36 0.3 3.22
Cum 31.83 31.8 5637 1,79,420
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
142
142
Name of the work : Civil Work for Compound Wall @ Kalaghatagi
Length of Compound Wall 298 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
3
KSRB 6-4.3: Providing and constructing Burnt Brick Masonry for Superstructure, with approved quality of non- modular bricks of standard size of class designation 3.5 Newton per sq mm with cement mortar 1:6, including cost of materials, labour charges, scaffolding, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 6.14 pg.no.28
a 298 0.69 0.15 30.843 -
b 298 0.46 0.15 20.6 -
c 298 0.36 0.35 37.55
wall 268.2 0.23 1.8 111.03
column 83 0.36 0.36 1.8 19.31
Deduction of PCC for fencing 83 0.36 0.36 0.3 3.22
Cum Total 216.1 216.1 6080 13,13,657
4
Providing Internal Cement Plaster 12mm thick in a single coat in cement mortar 1:4 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.10 pg.no.113
Sq.m 2 298 1.8 1072.8 1073 162 1,73,794
5 Angle iron 40x40x6mm Code No. 0019, pg. No. VII Weight /M
Kgs 83 0.9 3.5 260.75 261 38
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
143
143
Name of the work : Civil Work for Compound Wall @ Kalaghatagi
Length of Compound Wall 298 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
9,909
6
Providing barbed GI wire fencing of 12x12 gauge drawn into stone pillars or iron pillars including in holes wherever necessary excluding the cost of pillars but including the cost of barbed wire and binding wire etc., complete. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.37.5, pg.no. 262
M 4 298 1192.0 1192 28 32,899
7
Providing and finishing external walls in two coats with waterproof cement paint of approved brand and shade to give an even shade after thoroughly brooming the surface to remove all dirt and loose powered material, free from mortar drops and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2015-16 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.53.1 pg.no.118
Sqm 2 298.0 1.8 1072.8 1073 69 74,023
Total Amount Rs. 17,92,192
Summary of Cost Estimates
Sr No Component Cost in Rupees Cost in Lakhs
1 Civil Work for Monsoon Shed Platform @ Kalaghatagi 6,35,295 6.35
2 Civil Work for Monsoon Shed @ Kalaghatagi 16,89,789 16.90
3 Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Kalaghatagi 5,06,647 5.07
4 Civil Work Leachate Collection Tank @ Kalaghatagi 3,48,281 3.48
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
144
144
Summary of Cost Estimates
Sr No Component Cost in Rupees Cost in Lakhs
5 Civil Work Leachate Collection Drain @ Kalaghatagi 58,702 0.59
6 Civil Work Compound Wall @ Kalaghatagi 17,92,192 17.92
7 Weigh Bridge 5,61,000 5.61
Total 55,91,907 55.92
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Raibag
Area of DWCC 40 Sq.m
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
1
Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally upto 1 km lead.(Depth upto 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7
Foundation 6 0.5 0.5 1 1.5
Cum 1.5 2 56 83
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
145
145
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Raibag
Area of DWCC 40 Sq.m
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
3
KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12
Cum 6 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 1.5 5637 8456
2
KSRB 2.3: Filling available excavated earth in sides of foundations upto plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. In depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead upto 50m. and lift upto 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.no. 2.10, pg.no. 6
Filling in plinth 1 5 8 0.3 12 0
Cum 12 12.0 133.35 1600
4
Providing and laying flooring with M15 cement concrete 40 mm thick using broken granite 20 mm and down size laid to line and level in one layer and finish with a floating coat of neat cement, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 14.8 pg.no.101
Sq.m 1 5 8 0 40.0 40.0 333 13320
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
146
146
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Raibag
Area of DWCC 40 Sq.m
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
5
Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Tubular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design with prefabricated steel applications using quality material and are durable, reliable and corrosion and abrasion resistant. Welding shall conform to latest structural welding code. Quality shall be on various parameters like shape, size, design gauge and polish. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S.pipes and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No. 7.29, pg.no. 41
Kg 1610 1610 110 177100
6
Providing and laying to required line walls with GI sheet fixed with hook, bolts and nuts 8mm. Dia. GI plain and bitumen washers, at the existing angle section including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. As per Market rate
Top 1 5 8 40.0 0
Short Side 2 5 3 30.0
Long Side 2 8 3 48.0
Sqm 121.9
122 490 59731
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
147
147
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Raibag
Area of DWCC 40 Sq.m
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
7
Providing chain link fencing 50 mm size of 8 gauge properly stretched between existing rectangular poles and fixed with suitable bolts & nuts, the free ends shall be welded to the pole and block pipe at top and bottom as required including cost of all materials, labour, lead and lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.3pg.no. 262
W1 1 8 1.5 12.0
W2 1 8 1 8.0
W3 2 6.25
12.5
Sq.m 32.5 33 657 21353
Total Amount Rs. 2,81,643
Length of Fencing for DWCC 41 M
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
148
148
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Raibag
Area of DWCC 40 Sq.m
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
3
Supplying and fixing M.S. Rectangular poles made out of 2 equal angles of 65x65x6 mm welded together and fixed in CC (1:2:4) with 2 nos 16 mm dia. M.S. hold fast rods each of length 25 cms. Including cost of all materials, cutting, bending scaffolding wherever necessary, nicely finishing the welded joints with all lead lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. ( excluding cost of earthwork and concrete ) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.2 pg.no. 262
RM 26 3.5 91.0 91 920 83720
4
Providing chain link fencing 50 mm size of 8 gauge properly stretched between existing rectangular poles and fixed with suitable bolts & nuts, the free ends shall be welded to the pole and block pipe at top and bottom as required including cost of all materials, labour, lead and lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.3pg.no. 262
Sqm 26 2 52.0 52 657 34164
5
Providing barbed GI wire fencing of 12x12 gauge drawn into stone pillars or iron pillars including in holes wherever necessary excluding the cost of pillars but including the cost of barbed wire and binding wire etc., complete. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.37.5, pg.no. 262
M 3 26 78.0 78 28 2153
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
149
149
Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Raibag
Area of DWCC 40 Sq.m
Sr No
Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty
Final Rate
Amount
6
KSRRB M300-8.1. Planting and maintaining of flowering plants and shrubs in central verge MORTH Specification No. 307 (Duranta) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.19.86, pg.no. 151
M 26 22 579
7
Providing and fixing M.S. Gate as per Chief Architect Drawing, using 50mmx50mm 14 gauge M.S. hollow pipe frame work bent to ornamental shape as shown in the drawing and 35mm x 6mm and 16mm x 16mm square rods for verticls alternatively spaced at 4cms c/c in two halves and 40mm x 6mm M.S. flats for horizontal member and at the top cast iron spikes are provided at alternate vertical members as the shown in the drawing etc., complete. All the steel surface should be thoroughly clean free of dust and painted with anti corrosive paint (shop paint) etc., complete. The work includes cost of all materials, labour charges for all items of work, hire charges for welding, cutting and grinding equipment, and electricity charges with lead and lift, loading and unloading charges, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.7.37, pg.no. 43
Sqm 1 3 1.6 4.8 5 2947 14146
Total Amount Rs. 1,34,761
Bio-digester Toilet as per SBM Guidelines including fitting, Transport
1 30000 30,000
Total Amount Rs 4,46,405
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by:
AIILSG Pune
Prepared For:
150
9.4 Requirement of Operation and Maintenance Cost
The table below gives details of required Operation and Maintenance cost for collection and
transportation of proposed Solid Waste Management System.
Table 9-3: Requirement of O and M
Man power cost Required
Collection & Transportation, Street Sweeping and Drain Cleaning Drivers for Door to door collection - Auto Tipper 3
PKs for door to door collection Auto Tipper 3
PKs for door to door collection Push Cart ( Congested Areas) 2
Drivers for street sweeping and C&D collection (3 Cum tractor trailer) 1
PKs for street sweeping and C&D collection (3Cum capacity tractor trailer) 3
PKs for street sweeping (Sweeper) 10
Drivers for 3 Cum capacity tractor trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 1
PKs for 3 Cum capacity tractor trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 3
DWCC PK at DWCC 1
Processing Site Driver for 3 Cum capacity tractor trailer and Back Hoe Loader at Landfill site 1
PK at Landfill Site 1
Security Guard 1
Manpower Cost
Total required
Permanent
Contract/ outsource
Salary / month/ person
Monthly expenses
Yearly expenses
Drivers – Auto tippers and Tractor Trailer 5 0 5 11710.6 58553 878295
JCB operator 1 0 1 12205.6 12205.6 183084
Pourkarmikas 23 7 16 13635.6 218169.6 3272544
Security Guard 1 0 1 10775.6 10775.6 161634
Total salary of permanent staff (existing) in Lakh Rs.
18.72
Total Salary of Proposed Staff (in Lakhs)
4495557
Total Salary of Proposed Staff (in Lakhs) in Lakhs Rs.
44.96
Total Salaries of Staff 63.68
Fuel (Rs. 60/ Lit.) No of Vehicles
Fuel Required (Lit. / Day)
Monthly Expense
Annual Expense
Auto tipper 3 3 16,200 194,400
3 Cum capacity tractor trailer for street Sweeping
1 5 9,000 108,000
Loaders vehicle at land fill site 1 14 25,200 302,400
3 Cum capacity tractor trailer for Bulk Waste 1 5 9,000 108,000
Bio-culture @ Rs. 60/- per Kg , plus transportation cost. Use of 800 gms per ton of
6,987 83,847
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
151
151
Fuel (Rs. 60/ Lit.) No of Vehicles
Fuel Required (Lit. / Day)
Monthly Expense
Annual Expense
garbage
Power No. of Units
Rate per Unit (Rs.)
Monthly Expense
Annual Expense
Power 50 7,500 90000
AMC Charges
AMC for vehicles @ 5% 257,543
AMC for Machinery & Equipments @ 5% 205,020
Water Charges
Water Supply 8 2,400 28800
Other
Baggage and packing cost Lump sum 2,000 24,000
Transportation Lump sum 2,000 24,000
Office cost Lump sum 2,000 24,000
Additives Lump sum 2,000 24,000
Misc Lump sum 1,000 12,000
Total Salaries Rs. 63,67,557
Total Proposed O&M Expenditure Rs. 78,53,567
9.5 Revenue from sale of compost & User Charges
The requirement of charges to be collected from residential households and commercial
entities and revenue from sale of compost to run Solid Waste Management Facility is
explained in the table below.
Table 9-4: Proposed user charges
Waste Generators No of Generators
Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Population 18612 18862 19104 19336 19559 19773
Total HH / Properties 3918 4036 4157 4281 4410 4542
Non Slum HH Total 3414 3516 3622 3731 3842 3958
Non Slum HH big 1024 1055 1087 1119 1153 1187
Non Slum HH small 2390 2461 2535 2612 2689 2771
Slum HH 504 519 535 551 567 584
Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 5 5 5 5 6 6
Hotels – big 9 9 9 10 10 10
Hotels - small 20 20 20 20 20 21
Meat shops, Slaughterhouse 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bulk Generators (a+b+c) 34 34 34 35 36 37
Petty Shops 56 58 59 61 63 65
Institutions 2 2 2 2 2 2
Other Commercials (d+e) 58 60 62 63 65 67
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
152
152
Waste Generators No of Generators
Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
User Charges (Rs / Month)
Non Slum HH big 40 46 53 61 73 88
Non Slum HH small 35 40 46 53 64 77
Slum HH 30 35 40 46 55 66
Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 300 345 397 457 526 605
Hotels big 400 460 529 608 699 804
Hotels small 200 230 265 305 351 404
Meat shops/Slaughterhouse 200 230 265 305 351 404
Petty Shops 50 58 67 77 89 102
Institutions 400 460 529 608 699 804
Total Recovery from User Charges
Non Slum HH big 0.33 0.41 0.52 0.61 0.80 0.99
Non Slum HH small 0.67 0.84 1.05 1.25 1.64 2.03
Slum HH 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.27 0.33
Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04
Hotels big 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Hotels small 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Meat shops/Slaughterhouse 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Petty Shops 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
Institutions 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
Total Monthly 1.21 1.51 1.89 2.24 2.94 3.63
Revenue from User Charges (in Lakhs)
14.57 18.08 22.67 26.91 35.32 43.55
Compost Sale
Total Compost Generated (MT/Year)
356.65 361.45 366.07 370.52 374.80 378.90
Sale Value of Compost (Rs/ Kg) 2.50 2.50 2.66 2.84 3.02 3.22
Revenue from Sale of Compost 8.92 9.04 9.75 10.51 11.32 12.19
Revenue from Recyclable waste 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88
Total Revenue 24.32 27.96 33.27 38.28 47.51 56.62
O&M Expenses Proposed 78.54 83.64 89.08 94.87 101.03 107.60
Recovery Proposed 30.96% 33.43% 37.35% 40.35% 47.03% 52.62%
9.6 Financing of O&M expenses
SN Description Amount in Lakh
A O&M Expenses Proposed 78.54
B Revenue by sale of compost and by-products 8.92
C Revenue by way of User Charges 14.57
D Revenue by sale of recyclables 0.83
Total revenue proposed 24.32
Deficit (SWM) = Proposed total SWM O&M cost – Proposed total revenue 54.22
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
153
153
SN Description Amount in Lakh
generated (SWM related cess)
E 75% of Proposed PK cost to be obtained from untied grants such as SFC etc. 24.54
F 100% SFC grant for existing permanent staff 18.72
9.7 Breakup of Financial Aspect
Sl. No.
Particulars Capital Cost (Rs. In Lakhs) O & M Cost
(Rs. In Lakhs)
Civil Components
Vehicles & Machineries
a Door-to-door collection & transportation 20.0 1.94
b Street sweeping & other cleaning activities and transportation
0.7 1.08
c Dry waste collection centre 4.6 10.30
d Secondary collection & transportation 0.6 1.08
e Waste Processing (Aerobic Composting (organic waste) Including civil works total capital cost)
57.6 42.23 5.99
f Waste disposal and Leachate treatment 58.5 0 3.92
g Bio-mining if considered 5.2
h Salaries of Proposed Staff 63.68
i Others (Social Forestry, Rainwater Harvesting) 7.3 0.84
133.1 73.9 78.54
Total Cost 206.98 78.54
Cost / Ton 32.22 3109
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by:
AIILSG Pune
Prepared For:
154
Annexure 1. Legal Aspects
The legal framework for solid waste management stems from the Municipality Act, the state
policy on solid waste management and the MSW rules 2016 and associates rules. It is
advisable to incorporate in the responsibilities of the various stakeholders to enable
enforcement of proper solid waste management.
The following legal provisions may be incorporated in the ULB
Duties of waste generators.-
(1) Every waste generator shall,
(a) segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separate streams namely
bio-degradable, non bio-degradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins and
handover segregated wastes to authorised waste pickers or waste collectors as per the
direction or notification by the local authorities from time to time;
(b) wrap securely the used sanitary waste like diapers, sanitary pads etc., in the pouches
provided by the manufacturers or brand owners of these products or in a suitable wrapping
material as instructed by the local authorities and shall place the same in the bin meant for
dry waste or non- bio-degradable waste;
(c) store separately construction and demolition waste, as and when generated, in his
own premises and shall dispose off as per the Construction and Demolition Waste
Management Rules, 2016; and
(d) Store horticulture waste and garden waste generated from his premises separately in
his own premises and dispose of as per the directions of the local body from time to time.
(2) No waste generator shall throw, burn or burry the solid waste generated by him, on
streets, open public spaces outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies.
(3) All waste generators shall pay such user fee for solid waste management, as specified
in the bye-laws of the local bodies.
(4) No person shall organise an event or gathering of more than one hundred persons at
any unlicensed place without intimating the local body, at least three working days in
advance and such person or the organiser of such event shall ensure segregation of waste at
source and handing over of segregated waste to waste collector or agency as specified by
the local body.
(5) Every street vendor shall keep suitable containers for storage of waste generated
during the course of his activity such as food waste, disposable plates, cups, cans, wrappers,
coconut shells, leftover food, vegetables, fruits, etc., and shall deposit such waste at waste
storage depot or container or vehicle as notified by the local body.
(6) All resident welfare and market associations shall, within one year from the date of
notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of
waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules facilitate collection of
segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material to either the
authorised waste pickers or the authorised recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be
M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T
Prepared by: AIILSG Pune
Prepared For: Kalghatgi Town Panchayath
155
155
processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation within the
premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste collectors or
agency as directed by the local body.
(7) All gated communities and institutions with more than 5,000 sqm area shall, within one
year from the date of notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body,
ensure segregation of waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules,
facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material
to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorized recyclers. The bio-degradable
waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation
within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste
collectors or agency as directed by the local body.
(8) All hotels and restaurants shall, within one year from the date of notification of these
rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of waste at source as
prescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams,
handover recyclable material to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorised
recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through
composting or bio-methanation within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste
shall be given to the waste collectors or agency as directed by the local body.
Duties and responsibilities of local authorities and village Panchayats of census towns and
urban agglomerations.-
The local authorities and Panchayats shall,-
(a) prepare a solid waste management plan as per state policy and strategy on solid
waste management within six months from the date of notification of state policy and
strategy and submit a copy to respective departments of State Government or Union
territory Administration or agency authorised by the State Government or Union territory
Administration;
(b) Arrange for door to door collection of segregated solid waste from all households
including slums and informal settlements, commercial, institutional and other non
residential premises. From multi-storage buildings, large commercial complexes, malls,
housing complexes, etc., this may be collected from the entry gate or any other designated
location;
(c) establish a system to recognise organisations of waste pickers or informal waste
collectors and promote and establish a system for integration of these authorised waste-
pickers and waste collectors to facilitate their participation in solid waste management
including door to door collection of waste;
(d) facilitate formation of Self Help Groups, provide identity cards and thereafter
encourage integration in solid waste management including door to door collection of
waste;
(e) frame bye-laws incorporating the provisions of these rules within one year from the
date of notification of these rules and ensure timely implementation;
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(f) prescribe from time to time user fee as deemed appropriate and collect the fee from
the waste generators on its own or through authorised agency;
(g) direct waste generators not to litter i.e. throw or dispose of any waste such as paper,
water bottles, liquor bottles, soft drink canes, tetra packs, fruit peel, wrappers, etc., or burn
or burry waste on streets, open public spaces, drains, waste bodies and to segregate the
waste at source as prescribed under these rules and hand over the segregated waste to
authorised the waste pickers or waste collectors authorised by the local body;
(h) setup material recovery facilities or secondary storage facilities with sufficient space
for sorting of recyclable materials to enable informal or authorised waste pickers and waste
collectors to separate recyclables from the waste and provide easy access to waste pickers
and recyclers for collection of segregated recyclable waste such as paper, plastic, metal,
glass, textile from the source of generation or from material recovery facilities; Bins for
storage of bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable
wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black;
(i) direct street sweepers not to burn tree leaves collected from street sweeping and
store them separately and handover to the waste collectors or agency authorised by local
body;
(j) provide training on solid waste management to waste-pickers and waste collectors;
(k) collect waste from vegetable, fruit, flower, meat, poultry and fish market on day to
day basis and promote setting up of decentralised compost plant or bio-methanation plant
at suitable locations in the markets or in the vicinity of markets ensuring hygienic
conditions;
(l) collect separately waste from sweeping of streets, lanes and by-lanes daily, or on
alternate days or twice a week depending on the density of population, commercial activity
and local situation;
(m) Transport segregated bio-degradable waste to the processing facilities like compost
plant, bio-methanation plant or any such facility. Preference shall be given for on site
processing of such waste;
(n) transport non-bio-degradable waste to the respective processing facility or material
recovery facilities or secondary storage facility;
(o) involve communities in waste management and promotion of home composting, bio-
gas generation, decentralised processing of waste at community level subject to control of
odour and maintenance of hygienic conditions around the facility;
(zc) educate workers including contract workers and supervisors for door to door
collection of segregated waste and
Transporting the unmixed waste during primary and secondary transportation to processing
or disposal facility;
(zd) ensure that the operator of a facility provides personal protection equipment
including uniform, fluorescent
jacket, hand gloves, raincoats, appropriate foot wear and masks to all workers handling solid
waste and the same are used by the workforce;
(zf) frame bye-laws and prescribe criteria for levying of spot fine for persons who litters or
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fails to comply with the provisions of these rules and delegate powers to officers or local
bodies to levy spot fines as per the bye laws framed; and
(zg) create public awareness through information, education and communication campaign
and educate the waste generators on the following; namely:-
(i) not to litter
(ii) minimise generation of waste;
(iii) reuse the waste to the extent possible;
(iv) practice segregation of waste into bio–degradable, non-biodegradable (recyclable
and combustible),
(v) practice home composting, vermi-composting, bio-gas generation or community
level composting;
(vi) wrap securely used sanitary waste as and when generated in the pouches provided
by the brand owners or a suitable wrapping as prescribed by the local body and
place the same in the bin meant for non- biodegradable waste;
(vii) storage of segregated waste at source in different bins;
(viii) handover segregated waste to waste pickers, waste collectors, recyclers or
waste collection agencies;
And
(ix) Pay monthly user fee or charges to waste collectors or local bodies or any other
person authorised by the local body for sustainability of solid waste management.
Legal Provisions related to Solid Waste Management and Sanitation under Karnataka
Municipal Act 1964
Clause Sub clause Provision
75
Compulsory acquisition of land -Whenever a municipal council
requires any immovable property for the purposes of this Act, the
Government may, at the request of the municipal council procure
the acquisition thereof under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, and
the immovable property shall be transferred to the municipal
council and shall thereafter vest in such council.
Chapter V Obligatory and Discretionary Functions of Municipal Councils
Obligatory functions of municipal councils related to Sanitation –
Clause Sub clause Provision
87 C
cleansing public streets, places and sewers, and all spaces not being
private property, which are open to the enjoyment of the public,
whether such spaces are vested in the municipal council or not,
removing noxious vegetation and abating all public nuisances
e regulating or abating offensive or dangerous trades or practices
r
providing covered metallic receptacles and covered metallic
receptacles mounted on wheels for use by servants employed by the
municipal council for the removal of night soil and rubbish and
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Clause Sub clause Provision
disposing of night-soil and rubbish and, if so required by the
Government, preparation of compost manure from such night-soil
and rubbish
Discretionary functions of municipal councils related to Sanitation –
Clause Sub clause Provision
91 k
Supplying, constructing and maintaining receptacles, fittings, pipes
and other appliances whatsoever on or for the use of private
premises for receiving and conducting the sewage thereof into a
sewer under the control of the municipal council
Chapter IX Powers and Offences
Powers connected with Drainage and Water Works
Clause Sub clause Provision
193 Municipal control over drains, etc.
194 Powers for making drains
195 Sufficient drainage of houses
196 Power of owners and occupiers of 1[buildings or vacant lands]1 to
drain into municipal drains
197 Right to carry drain through land or into drain belonging to other
persons
199 Provision of privies, etc
201 Power to close existing private drains
203 Encroachment on municipal drains, etc
206 Power of carrying water mains, etc
Powers for the prevention of nuisance
224 1
Depositing dust, etc. - Whoever deposits or causes or suffers any
member of his family or household to deposit any dust, dirt, dung or
ashes, or garden, kitchen or stable refuse, or filth of any kind, or any
animal matter or any broken glass or earthenware or other rubbish
or any other thing that is or may be a nuisance, shall be punished
with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
2
Except with the permission of the municipal council, disposal of any
night soil into any sewer, drain, culvert, tunnel, gutter or water-
course, same, shall be punished with fine which may extend to
twenty-five rupees.
225
Discharging sewage, etc - Whoever causes or allows the water of any
sink or sewer or any other liquid or other matter which is or which is
likely to become offensive, or causes or allows any offensive matter
from any sewer or privy to run, drain or be thrown into a surface
drain in any street, without the permission in writing of the
municipal council or who fails to comply with any condition
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Clause Sub clause Provision
prescribed in such permission, shall be punished with fine which
may extend to twenty-five rupees.
227 1
Removal of night soil
The municipal council may from time to time fix the hours during
which only it shall be lawful to remove any night-soil or other such
offensive matter.
(b) at any time, whether such hours have been fixed by the
municipal council or not,-
(i) uses for any such purpose any cart, carriage, receptacle or vessel
not having a covering proper for preventing the escape of the
contents thereof and of the stench there from, or
(ii) wilfully or negligently slops or spills any such offensive matter in
the removal thereof, or
(iii) does not carefully sweep and clean every place in which any
such offensive matter has been slopped or spilled, or
(iv) places or sets down in any public place any vessel containing
such offensive matter, or
(v) drives or takes or causes to be driven or taken any cart, carriage,
receptacle or vessel used for any such purpose as aforesaid through
any street or by any route, other than such as shall from time to
time be appointed for that purpose by the municipal council by
public notice,
Shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
233 1
Provision of bathing facilities -The municipal council may set apart
sufficient public places for the purpose of being used as bathing
places
234
Fouling water.—Whoever, bathes in any stream, pool, tank,
reservoir, well, cistern, conduit and aqueduct belonging to the
municipal council, or washes, or causes to be washed therein any
animal or anything whatever, or throws, puts or casts or causes to
enter therein any animal or anything, shall be punished with fine
which may extend to fifty rupees.
235 1
Regulation of washing of clothes by washer men.— The municipal
council may, by public notice, prohibit the washing of clothes by
washer men in the exercise of their calling, except at such places as
it shall appoint for this purpose;
2 The municipal council shall provide suitable places for the exercise
236 1
Abatement of nuisances from wells, etc.— If, in the opinion of the
municipal council, any pool, ditch, quarry excavation is or is likely to
become a breeding place of mosquitoes or in any other respect a
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Clause Sub clause Provision
nuisance, the municipal council may, by notice in writing, require the
owner thereof to fill up, cover over or drain off
238
Using offensive manure, etc - Whoever, except with the written
permission of the municipal council, and in the manner, if any,
enjoined in such permission stores or uses night soil or other
manure or substance emitting an offensive smell shall be punished
with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
239
Tethering cattle, etc.—Whoever tethers cattle or other animals, or
causes or suffers them to be tethered by any member of his family
or household, in any public street or place so as to obstruct or
endanger the public traffic therein, or to cause a nuisance, or who
causes or suffers such animals to stray about without a keeper, shall
be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.
240
Feeding animals on filth.—Whoever feeds any animal which is kept
for dairy purposes or is intended for human food on excrementitious
matter, stable refuse, filth, or other offensive matter, or permits
such animal to feed or to be fed on such matter, shall be punished
with fine which may extend to fifty rupees.
241 2
Consumption of smoke - (2) If any person shall, after such direction,
use or permit to be used, any such furnace not so constructed,
supplemented, or altered, or shall so negligently use, or permit to be
used, any such furnace that the smoke arising there from shall not
be effectually consumed or burnt as far as may be practicable, every
person so offending being the owner or occupier of the said works
or buildings or being an agent or other person employed by such
owner or occupier for managing the same, shall be punished with
fine which may extend to fifty rupees and upon any subsequent
conviction with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees:
242 iv
Prohibition of nuisance.—Whoever, carries meat exposed to public
view, shall, be punished with fine which may extend to one hundred
rupees
Regulation of markets, sale of goods, etc.
Clause Sub clause Provision
243 2
Licensing markets, slaughter houses and certain businesses -
Whoever uses or permits the use of any place contrary to the
direction, or without the licence required by sub-section (1), or in
contravention of any of the conditions or during the suspension of
the licence shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-
five rupees
244 2 Opening, closing and letting of markets and slaughter houses - Any
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Clause Sub clause Provision
person who, without the permission or licence of the municipal
council, sells or exposes for sale any articles in the said markets, or
uses the said slaughter houses, shall be punished with fine which
may extend to twenty-five rupees.
246
Slaughter houses, etc., beyond municipal limits.—It shall be lawful
for the municipal council with the sanction of the Deputy
Commissioner, to establish slaughter houses, or places for the
disposal of carcasses of animals beyond the limits of the 1[municipal
area] 1 and all provisions of this Act and of bye-laws in force there
under relating to such places within municipal limits shall have full
force therein, as if such places were within the municipal limits.
Chapter XIII Rules and Bye - Laws
Clause Sub clause Provision
324 1
Power to make bye-laws - Subject to the provisions of this Act and
the rules made there under, every municipal council may from time
to time make, alter or rescind bye-laws –
(a) for the regulation and inspection of markets, all public places
used for the sale of articles, and slaughter houses and all places used
by or for animals which are for sale or hire or the produce of which
is sold, and for the proper and clean conduct of business therein, for
regulating the sale of fruits, flowers and vegetables, or meat, fish,
eggs and animals in the municipal markets or other specified places,
and for fixing the rents and other charges to be levied for the use of
any of them which belong to the municipal council
(l) for the regulation of advertisements and their display
2 In making any bye-laws under sub-section (1), the municipal council
may provide that a contravention thereof shall be punishable,—
5
Every bye-law made by a municipal council under this section shall
not have effect until it has been approved by the Government; and
every such bye-law shall be submitted to the Government along with
a copy of the notice published under sub-section (4) and of every
objection or suggestion received with respect to the draft bye-law.
7
Every bye-law as approved by the Government shall be published in
the prescribed manner and shall come into force from such date as
may be specified by the municipal council and where no date is
specified on the date of such publication.
325 1
Power of Government to make model bye-laws and adoption of such
bye-laws by municipal councils. –
(1) In respect of any of the matters specified in section 324 the
Government may, after previous publication of the draft for not less
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Clause Sub clause Provision
than one month, make model bye-laws, and such bye-laws may be
different for different classes of 1[municipal areas]1. 1. Substituted
by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.
2
A municipal council may by resolution adopt the model bye-laws in
respect of any matter, and such bye-laws shall come into force in
such 1[municipal area]1 from such date as the municipal council may
specify in a notice published in the prescribed manner. 1.
Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.
3
If a municipal council proposes to adopt the model bye-laws in
respect of any matter subject to any modifications, the procedure
specified in sub-sections (4), (5) and (6) of section 324 shall be
followed as if the modifications were bye-laws proposed to be made
by the municipal council. The modifications as approved by the
Government shall be published in the prescribed manner and the
model bye-laws shall subject to such modifications come into force
from such date as may be specified by the municipal council and
where no date is specified on the date of such publication.
4
a) The Government may by order direct any municipal council to
adopt the model bye-laws in respect of any matter, within such
period not being less than three months from the date of receipt of
the direction by the municipal council. (b) If the municipal council
fails to take any action for adopting the model bye-laws with or
without modifications, the Government may by notification declare
that the said model bye-laws shall come into force in the said
1[municipal area]1 from such date as may be specified in such
notification, and such bye-laws shall come into force accordingly. 1.
Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.
5 The provisions of this section shall have effect notwithstanding
anything contained in section 324.
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Annexure 2. Solid Waste Chemical Analysis
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Annexure 3. Survey Analysis
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY Kalghatgi TP
Questionnaire Format 1. City 2. Name of Surveyor
3. Name of City 4. Ward Number
5. Locality
6. Date
7. Location of City
Latitude (decimal degrees, e.g. -42.454): Longitude (decimal degrees, e.g. 115.55): Personal Information
8. Name of Respondent
9. Age 10. Highest Educational Qualification of the Family head
Primary Education
Secondary Education
Higher Secondary
Graduate
Post Graduate 11. No of members in the House 12. Who gives the waste in your house?
Male
Female
Any 13. Age of Person Giving waste 14. At What time are most people at home
in Afternoon from 10am to 1 pm
Morning up to 10 Am 15. Daily Waste Generated in kg 16. Frequency of Door to Door Waste collection
Daily
Weekly
Once in 2 Days
Not Collected 17. Reasons for Door to Door Waste collection not Happening
No one is coming for D2D connection
Our area is not accesible for D2D collection vehicle
I am not at home w hen they come, time does not match
They do not come at a fixed time
Did not know about the system
Not Applicable
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18. Do you know what is wet waste and dry waste Yes
No 19. Do you segregate waste as wet waste & dry waste
Yes
No 20. Why don't you segregated Waste
No time
Do not w ant to /or have separate bins
Get confused on w hat to throw w here 21. If given separate bins will you segregate
Yes
No 22. Do you think your neighborhood is kept clean by the municipality
Yes
they do not collect w aste regularly
they do not sw eep roads properly
People throw garbage on road 23. Are there adequate Municipality container bins in the locality
Yes
No 24. Frequency of Waste Collection from Municipality Container Bin
Tw ice a Day
Daily
Once in 2 Days
Weekly
Randomly 25. Willingness to Pay & Contributions 26. Do you pay for Solid Waste Management System
Yes
No 27. How much do you pay / month 28. If not paying are you willing to pay for improved Services
Yes
No 29. How much you are willing to pay for improved SWM system / Month
Up to 20
21 to 30
31 to 50
51 to 70 30. Exposure to IEC 31. Do You Own A TV
Yes
No 32. Do you take daily newspaper
Yes
No 33. What Kind of Awareness program do you prefer
Community meeting
Pamphlet
Street plays
Announcements
Advertisements 34. Save Response
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1. The following pie chart depicts the highest educational qualification of the family head
and the percentage.
This chart shows that majority of the population (family heads) have Primary education
(70%), followed by Secondary education (14%) and 9% of the people have higher secondary,
7% are graduates.
2. This pie chart depicts the percentage of who in the family gives waste to waste
collectors
This chart shows that in majority of the households, the waste is given by the females (99%)
and only 1% male.
3. The pie shows the time when people are available at home for waste collection
7%
9%
70%
14%
Highest education qualification by family head
Graduate
Higher Secondary
Primary Education
Secondary Education
99%
1% Who gives waste in your house
Female
Male
33%
67%
People available at home
in Afternoon from 10am to 1 pm
Morning up to 10 Am
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67% are available in the morning up to 10 am and 33% are available in afternoon from 10am to 1pm
4. The following chart shows the frequency of door to door waste collection
In majority of the households i.e., 55% the waste is not collected, 23% of them do it weekly
and 20% of households it is collected daily.
5. Frequency of people knowing the difference between wet waste and dry waste is
shown in this chart.
It is seen in this chart that many people (89%) know the difference between dry and wet
waste and only 11% do not know the difference.
6. This chart shows the frequency of people who segregate dry and wet waste at
household level.
85% people carry out segregation of wet and dry waste whereas 15% do not segregate the
household waste
20%
55%
2%
23%
Frequency of door to door collection
Daily
Not Collected
Once in 2 Days
Weekly
11%
89%
Do you know difference between wet waste and dry waste
No
Yes
15%
85%
Segregation of wet waste and dry waste
No
Yes
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7. This pie chart depicts the reasons for not segregating waste at household level and the
frequency thence.
Out of the population surveyed, when asked the reason for not segregating their household
waste 52 % of the people said that they do not have time, 41% do not want or they do not
have separate bins for segregation and 7% get confused for segregating.
8. This chart shows the frequency of people who are willing to segregate waste if given
separate bins for dry and wet waste.
Of the above population, 56% of the people are ready to segregate wet and dry waste if
provided with separate bins by the municipal council.
9. This chart shows the frequency of people who think that their neighborhood is kept
clean by municipality.
41%
7%
52%
Reasons for not segregating the waste
Do not want to /or have separate bins
Get confused on what to throw where
No time
44%
56%
HH who will segregate if given separate bins
No
Yes
49%
15%
36%
Is your neighborhood kept clean by municipality
they do not collect waste regularly
they do not sweep roads properly
Yes
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When asked if their respective neighbourhoods were kept clean by the municipality, 49%
think they do not collect waste regularly, 36% are satisfied and they think the
neighbourhood is kept clean by municipality and 15% say the municipality do not sweep
roads properly.
10. Following pie chart depicts the frequency of collection from container bins in Kalghatgi.
The waste from municipality container bins is collected daily by 30% people followed by
twice a day (27%), weekly (21%) and once in 2 days (1%).
11. The following pie shows the people pay for the available solid waste management
system
63% of the population do not pay for the SWM system and 37% pay for the same.
12. This pie chart depicts the people willing to pay for improved SWM system.
Out of the people surveyed 97% are willing to pay, whereas 3% are not willing to pay.
30%
19%
3%
27%
21%
Frequency of Waste Collection from Municipality Container bin
Daily
Once in 2 Days
Randomly
Twice a Day
Weekly
63%
37%
Do you pay for SWM system
No
Yes
3%
97%
Are you willing to pay for improved services
No
Yes
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13. This chart shows the amount of money that people are willing to pay for improved
services.
Out of the above, 97% of the people are willing to pay up to 20 rupees and the rest 3% are
willing to pay 21 to 30 rupees.
14. This chart depicts the frequency of people who receive daily newspapers.
From the above analysis 81% of the total population do not receive daily newspaper and the
rest 19% receive the newspaper.
15. This chart depicts the preferred mode of awareness regarding SWM system and its
importance.
The above chart shows that 47% prefer pamphlets, 33% prefer announcements, 17%
through street plays and the remaining are the various assorted mode of advertisements.
3%
97%
Amount willing to pay
21 to 30
Up to 20
81%
19%Do you take daily news paper
No
Yes
0%
33%
0%
2%
47%
1% 17%
Preferred awareness programme
Advertisements
Announcements
Announcements|Advertisements
Community meeting
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Annexure 4. Existing and Proposed Route
Map for Collection and Transport Vehicles
GIS Based Route Optimization
In the MSWM DPR the digital base map are prepared. The roads are depicted as road
centrelines and respective road flanks as per their widths. The actual physical marking of the
routes of the vehicles is done on the base maps. These digital base maps are used as the
input and optimum routes have been identified for Solid Waste collection for door to door
household level. The digital base map of Town Panchayat shows the road network, building
footprints, waste dumping site, and location of bulk generators. The road network
comprises of road centrelines and the road flanks (marked as per the road widths).
For the purpose of optimum route identification, initially all the road junctions (nodes, to be
treated as garbage collection points) are marked. This was followed by manual selection of
nodes to be retained as garbage collection point and discarding the others. The selection of
nodes was based upon the density of buildings in the zone under consideration. Optimum
route for Solid Waste collection was identified using ESRI’s Network Analyst extension of
ArcView GIS. This extension helps the user to use the networks more efficiently. It gives the
facility to find the best route to get from one location to another, or the best way to visit
several locations. It allows the user to either decide the order in which the locations are to
be visited, or the Network Analyst can find the best visiting sequence.
Network Analyst used Direction and Resistance as the minimum parameters for finding the
optimum route. As of now, all the roads have been marked as one way roads or
Bidirectional roads on basis of actual site scenario and the length of individual road segment
as the resistance. Thus, for given source and destination with intermediate nodes to be
visited, Network Analyst finds the existing connectivity and selects the geometrically
shortest route as the ‘Optimum Path’.
Garbage collection typically follows the sequence: from node to dumping site. The optimum
route is identified for Solid Waste collection from nodes. The existing routes and proposed
optimized routes for Solid Waste Collection are presented below.
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Annexure 5. Designs for proposed Waste
Processing facility
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Annexure 6. Machine, Equipment and Vehicle
Specifications
Machine and Equipment Specifications
Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Trommel 35
This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-35 rejects all material having overall size above 35 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment.
Technical Data Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type) Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type) Tyre: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of 35 mm Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty. Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 4.5 m Width – W – 1.8 m Height – H – 4.5 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 9 RPM Capacity : 6.5 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features : (1) Fully covered with heavy duty dust covers. (2) Easily replaceable screens. (3) Spiral flights to move material faster and prevent choking.
Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Conveyor - Process 35
This special conveyor is meant to take material coming through the screens of Trommel-35 and feed that material to Trommel - 14. This conveyor is of Chain belt type & is specially designed to meet requirements of MSW management’s plants.
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Technical Data Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75, ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 14 SWG Gear Box : Worm reduction Gearbox Motor : Hydraulic ( G-Rotor type) Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller
type 3” pitch Belt : 450 mm wide, 3 ply
8mm thick Rubberized Sprockets: 3” pitch. Hardened Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 6.6 m Width – W – 0.8 m Height – H – 3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 6.5 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features : (1) Typical ‘Z’ shaped Design. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS: 2062.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Conveyor -reject 35
Reject – 35 serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Trommel – 35, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed to handle bulky and irregular shaped material.
Technical Data Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75, ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 12 & 14 SWG Gear Box : Shaft mounted( SGR) Motor : Hydraulic ( G-Rotor type) Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller
type 3” pitch Belt : 450 mm wide, 3 ply
8mm thick Rubberized Sprockets: 3” pitch. Hardened Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 6.6 m Width – W – 0.8 m Height – H – 3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 3 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features : Speed variation is possible. (1) Shaft mounted gearbox eliminates chances of misalignment. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS: 2062.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Trommel 14
This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-14 rejects all material having overall size above 14 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment. The output of Trommel-14 is semi furnished organic manure.
Technical Data Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type) Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type) Tyre: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of
35 mm Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty. Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 4.5 m Width – W – 1.8 m Height – H – 4.5 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 9 RPM Capacity : 6.5 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features : (1) Fully covered with heavy duty dust covers. (2) Easily replaceable screens. (3) Spiral flights to move material faster and prevent choking.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Transfer Conveyor
Transfer conveyor is meant to take material coming through screens of Trommel – 14 and drop the material in Semi-finish godown. This conveyor is of Chain belt type & is specifically designed to meet requirements of MSW management plants.
Technical Data Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75, ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet12 &14 SWG Gear Box : Worm reduction Gearbox Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type) Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller
type 3” pitch Belt : 650 mm wide, 3 ply
8mm thick Rubberized Sprockets: 3” pitch. Hardened Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 10 m Width – W – 0.8 m Height – H – 3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 6.5 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features : (1) Typical ‘L’ shaped Design with special guide to prevent side shift. (2) Length & discharge height can be altered as per site conditions.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Coarse Segregation Conveyor -reject 14
Reject – 14 serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Trommel – 14, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed to handle bulky and irregular shaped material.
Technical Data Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type) Motor : Hydraulic ( G rotor type) Chain: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type
with 3” pitch Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of
35 mm Ring: Fabricated, Heavy duty. Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure
Length – L – 4.5 m Width – W – 1.8 m Height – H – 4.5 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS Drive mode : Hydraulic * Power Reqd : (PP- II) ^ Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 2 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features : (1) Fully covered with heavy duty dust covers. (2) Easily replaceable screens. (3) Spiral flights to move material faster and prevent choking.
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Refinement Section Finishing Reject Conveyor
This conveyor serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Rotary screen, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed for handling MSW Handling Plant.
Technical Data Structure : Various rolled steel sections
Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125, ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Covers: M.S. sheet. 12 & 14 SWG Gear Box: Worn Reduction Gearbox Motor : Electrical Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller
type with 3”pitch Belt : 450 mm, Wide, 2Ply
8mm thick, Rubberized Sprockets: 3” pitch. Surface : Blasting & Pickling Primer : Epoxy Primer Paint : Epoxy Paint
Length – L – 6 m Width – W – 0.8 m Height – H – 2.3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
DYNAMICS Drive mode : Electrical Power Reqd. : 3HP Speed : 12 MPM Capacity : 2 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3 ^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)
Salient Features : (1) Length and Discharge height can be varied, depending on site conditions. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062
Trommel 04
a) Process To rotate the dry waste into Screening Compartment. Screening & Dropping the items below 4 mm on the Discharge Conveyor for processing Rejecting and Dropping the oversized material more than 4 mm on Rejecting Conveyor
b) Capacity 6.5 tons per hour
c) Material of Construction M.S. Fabricated body. Corrosion resistant paint.
d) Electric Drive 10 HP Electric Motor, 3 phase, With suitable Reduction Gear Box.
e)
Drive Fiction Drive (Tyre Type) Heavy Duty Chain Sprocket Heavy Duty Support Rollers 4 Nos. and Thrust Rollers 2 Nos.
f) Screen Holes M.S. Screen 3 mm thick (10 SWG) with Punched holes Dia 4 mm
g) Screen Size Screen Size Dia 1000 mm x 3500 mm
h) Screening Compartment Spiral Flights to move material faster and prevent chocking.
i) Control Panel On / Off with suitable Dual Contactors
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Hydraulic System
Hydraulic system is meant to run all Hydraulic motor driven equipment’s. It consists of Power Pack which convert electrical energy into Hydraulic energy, which in turn is connected to all the equipment’s. Hydraulically driven equipment’s supersede electrical driven performance, speed control and hazard management.
Technical Data Power Packs Two
(a) P.P. I – 15 H.P. (b) P.P. II – 15 H.P.
Drive: Electrical Manifold: Specially designed, MS Pump : Twin Stage, Heavy Duty (3090 / 3070) Motors : Radial Piston & Orbit Line : Heavy Duty 20 mm Cooling : Forced water circulation in
Cooling tank through radiator. Controls: Local push button type control panel for each 20 H.P unit Reservoir: M.S. fabricated, 400lt oil capacity Working : Servo system 68 fluid
Salient Features : (1) Cooling coil made from Cu to give better cooling. (2) All controls at push button type control panel. (3) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062
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Municipal Solid waste Processing plant
Control System
This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-14 rejects all material having overall size above 14 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment. The output of Trommel-14 is semi furnished organic manure.
Technical Data Body : All MS as per IS : 2062
Sheet 12 & 14 swg, ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.
Control element : All Standard as L&T Siemen etc & electrical accessories Primer: Epoxy Primer Colour: Epoxy Paint Enclosure: As per IPSS Display : Temp, Voltage , On ,
Off Mimic display
[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]
Salient Features : (1) All Switches / relays of standard & reputed make. (2) Rigid enclosure as per specifications with facility of cabinet light. (3) Emergency shut off switch at various locations.
(Back Hoe Loader Pallet Trucks
Bag stitching machine Weight Machine (100 kg)
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40 ft Conveyor System for output of 4mm compost Technical Specification: For 40 ft. Conveyor system
Sr. No. Particulars Details
1 Motor 2 HP Geared Motor, Foot Mounted, O/p RPM: 51 RPM
2 Conveyor Belt 600X3plyX3mm Top X1.5 mm Bottom X5mm Nominal X CMR Grade.
3 Idlers 8 No’s
4 Return Rolls 4 No’s
5 Side Guides 4 No’s or as needed.
6 Height of Conveyor Stand 24 Inches.
Bailing Machine Technical Specification: Bailing Machine Double box
Capacity 25 Ton (Double Box)
Bale Size 30 (L) x 27 (W)x 14 (H) Inch
Bale Weight 50 to 80 kg
Platform Size 30 (L) x 27 (W)x 25 (H) Inch
No. of Cylinder 1 Nos.
Cylinder Size 140*90*1000 (Stroke) mm
Oil Tank Capacity 80 Litres. (oil is to be Brought by Buyer)
Production Rates 10 min. per Bale
Hydraulic System 32 Litres. (B series Gear pump)
Day Light Gap 47 Inch
Operation Hand lever operate
Electric Motor 7.5 HP (3 Phase)
Machine Weight (Approx.) Approx 1700 Kgs
Overall Dimension 96x36x105 Inch
Body Plate 9 + 35 mm
HDPE SMOOTH GEOMEMBRANE LINER OF 1500 MICRONS
PROPERTY TEST METHOD VALUES
Minimum average values
Thickness - mm ASTM D 5199 1.5
Density - g/cm3 ASTM D 1505 0.94
Tensile Properties ( Each direction ) ASTM D 6693
Strength at yield - N/mm width Type IV Specimen 25
Strength at break- N/mm width @ 50 mm /min 52
Elongation at yield - % G.L. 33 mm 15
Elongation at break - % G.L. 50 mm 800
Tear Resistance - N ASTM D 1004 222
Puncture Resistance – N ASTM D 4833 400
Carbon Black Content - % ASTM D 1603 2.3
Carbon Black Dispersion ASTM D 3015 A1 / A2
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Vehicle Specifications –
1. TATA Ace BS4 Tipper – 2.0 Cum ACE Box Tipper BS4 Tipper with compartments.
2. Tractor Trailer – 40 HP tractor with 3 Ton Trailer
3. Backhoe Loader – ACE AX130, 2WD, 76 HP Engine, Standard Tyre, Excv Bucket : 0.24 Cu.m,
loader Bucket : 1.00 Cu.m
4. Jetting & Suction Machine - Chassis Mounted 3000L sucking cum jetting machine.
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Annexure 7. Normative Standards for
Municipal Solid Waste Management
Government of Karnataka
Directorate of Municipal Administration
Normative standards for Municipal Solid Waste Management
Name of the SWM Tools, Equipment and
Vehicles Unit requirements per annum Unit Manpower required
Door to door collection
One command area = 1000 households / shops
Push carts with 6 bins 1 no. for 200 households / Shops 1 per pushcart
Tricycle with 8 bins 1 no. for 250 households / Shops 1 per tricycle
Auto Tipper 1 no. for 1000 households / Shops 1 driver + 1 helper per auto
tipper
Street Sweeping
Brooms 4 no’s for each sweeper 1 sweeper for every 1000 m of road length Pushcarts 1 no for every 2 workers
Metal Tray/ Metal plate
2 no’s for every sweeper
Ghamela 1 no for every loaders/sweepers
Hand gloves 4 sets for every loader/sweeper
Face mask 2 no’s for every worker
Gum boots 1 set for every worker
Uniforms 2 sets for each worker
Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 25 Kms of street sweeping with 7 years of life
1 driver + 3 loaders (2 to 3 trips/day, 2.0-2.5 tons per trip, 200 Kgs to 300 Kgs of waste / Km )
Tipper Trucks 1 no. for every 40 Kms of street sweeping with 7 years of life
1 Driver+ 4 loaders (2 to 3 trips/day, 4.0-4.5 tons per trip, 200 Kgs to 300 Kgs of waste / Km)
Secondary Collection & Transportation
3.0 cum Containers (1.2 Tons Cap.)
1 Container for every 1000 households or approx. for 1.0 ton of waste whichever is higher
4.5 cum Containers (1.8 Tons Cap.)
1 Container for every 1500 households or approx. 1.6 tons of waste whichever is higher
Twin Container Dumper Placer
1 no. for every 10 to 14 no’s of 3.0 / 4.5 Cum Containers – 5 to 7 trips a day
1 Driver + 1 Helper
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Cleaning of Markets/Slaughter Houses
Tools & Equipment as same as street sweeping
Requirements are as same as street sweeping
1 worker / 400 m2 area, for two time cleaning everyday
Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 6 to 8 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day
1 driver + 3 loaders Unloading distance is less than 10 Kms,
Tipper Truck 1 no. for every 10 to 14 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day
1 driver + 4 loaders Unloading distance is more than 10 Kms,
Cleaning of Office premises, Parks, Public grounds etc
Tools & Equipment as same as street sweeping
Requirements as same as street sweeping
2 workers for every 7500 m2
Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 6 to 8 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day
1 driver + 3 loaders Unloading distance is less than 10 Kms,
Tipper Truck (Big) 1 no. for every 8 to 12 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day
1 driver + 4 loaders Unloading distance is more than 10 Kms,
Cleaning of Public Toilets
Brooms/Brushes 4 no’s for each worker / year 1 worker for every 2 toilet blocks consisting 10 WCs, with three time cleaning
Gloves 4 sets for every worker / year
Boots 1 set for every worker / year
Uniforms 2 sets for every worker / year
Commissioner
Directorate of Municipal Administration
Bangalore
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Annexure 8. Office Memorandum for GOI
share
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Annexure 9. Minimum Wages Act GOK
2017
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