mitosis/meiosis how are they different?

Mitosis/Meiosis

How are they different?

The exchange of DNA between the chromatid arms on homologous pairs is called ________________Crossing over

This type of cell divisionused by bacteria to reproduce

Binary fission

The mixing up of maternal and paternal chromosomes as they move apart during anaphase I is called ______________Independent assortment

The pairing up of homologous chromosomes during prophase Iis called _________________synapsis

This diagram isshowing_________________

Crossing over

During which phase does this happen?

PROPHASE I of meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

meiosis

Makes 2 daughter cells ______________

Makes haploid cells _______________

Divides twice but copies DNA once __________________

Used to repair injuries ______________

mitosis

meiosis

mitosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

mitosis

Makes 4 daughter cells ______________

Makes diploid cells _______________

Copies DNA every __________________time it divides

Used to make gametes ______________

Meiosis

mitosis

meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

meiosis

Makes 2n cells ______________

Crossing over happens _______________

Used when organisms __________________grow bigger

Used in sexual reproduction ___________

mitosis

mitosis

meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

mitosis

Testes and ovaries do it ____________

Body cells do it _______________

Crossing over happens ____________

Divides twice ______________in a row

meiosis

meiosis

meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?

mitosis

Independent assortment_____________happens

Divides just once_______________

Used in oogenesis __________________

Makes cells identicalto parent cell __________________

meiosis

meiosis

mitosis

Type of cell division shown

meiosis

Body organ where you would expect tosee the above happen

Ovary or testes

Type of cell division shown

mitosis

Tell one reason why a cell woulddo this Grow organism bigger

Repair injuriesReplace worn out cellsAsexual reproduction

IN humans where does oogenesis happen? ovaries

IN plants and some algae thediploid multicellular organism iscalled a ________________sporophyte

The small cells produced when the cytoplasm divides unevenly during oogenesis are called ______________

Producing offspring without using sperm or eggs in which the DNA comes from only 1 parent

Polar bodies

Asexual reproduction

TRUE or FALSEPolar bodies will go on to become

mature eggs

FALSE; they will die

The production of mature sperm iscalled ___________________spermatogenesis

Type of reproduction in which offspring are produced by combining the genetic material from 2 parents

A cell with only one copy of each chromosome is called ___________

Sexual reproduction

Haploid OR 1n

A cell which has 2 copies of every chromosome is called _____________diploid

OR 2n

Type of division that makes daughtercells which are different from the parent cell and different from each other

meiosis

The production of a mature egg is

called ____________________oogenesis

Phase in which INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT happens

Anaphase I

Name 2 ways the DNA in cells getsrecombined in new ways during meiosis

Crossing over OR independent assortment

Phase during which SYNAPSIS happens

Prophase I

Spermatogenesis produces ____ mature sperm cells

4

Phase in which CROSSING OVER happens

Prophase I

How many mature eggs are produced

during oogenesis?

Only 1; the other 3 are polar bodies

Chromosomes that do NOT determine sex are called ____________autosomes

Tell one phase that is different inmeiosis than in mitosis

Prophase I- Synapsis & crossing overAnaphase I- homologous partners separate instead of sister chromatids; independent assortmentMetaphase I- homologous pairs line up togetherInterphase II- No DNA is copied

The group of 4 chromatids of a homologous pair is called a

________________tetrad

This picture of an organism’schromosomes is called a_______________karyotype

How many autosomes do humanshave? 44; 46 – 2 sex chromosomes

A human with 2 X chromosomesis a _________ male female

female

The joining of sperm and egg cellsis called _________________fertilization

A fertilized egg is called a_________________zygote

Tell how metaphase I and metaphase II are different

Metaphase I- homomolgouspartners line up together

Metaphase II- chromosomes line up separately

IN humans where does spermatogenesis happen?

testes

In plants and some algae thehaploid multicellular organism is called a ________________gametophyte

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Ychromosome is a. a somatic cell of a male. b. a zygote. c. a somatic cell of a female. d. a sperm cell. e. an ovum.

Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during a. mitosis. b. meiosis I. c. meiosis II. d. fertilization. e. binary fission.

Sperm cell

Campbell and Reese Self quiz

Meiosis I

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced.

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x. b. 0.5 x . c. x. d. 2 x. e. 4 x.

D

Campbell and Reese Self quiz

Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced.

The immediate product of meiosis in a plant is a a. spore. b. gamete. c. sporophyte. d. gametophyte. e. zygote.

D

Campbell and Reese Self quiz

SPORE

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced.

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x. b. 0.5 x . c. x. d. 2 x. e. 4 x.

D

Campbell and Reese Self quiz

Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x b. 0.5 x c. x d. 2 x e. 4 x

If we continued to follow the cell lineage from the cell above, then the DNA content at metaphase of meiosis II would be

a. 0.25 x b. 0.5 x c. xd. 2 xe. 4 x

2X cell copies DNA in S after G1, but hasn’t split yet

Campbell and Reese Self quiz

X- Back to X again; Cell has reduced # in meiosis I

Multicellular haploid organisms a. are typically called sporophytes. b. produce new cells for growth by meiosis. c. produce gametes by mitosis. d. are found only in aquatic environments. e. are the direct result of fertilization.

Crossing over usually contributes to genetic variation by exchanging chromosomal segments between a. sister chromatids of a chromosome. b. chromatids of nonhomologues. c. nonsister chromatids of homologues. d. nonhomologous loci of the genome. e. autosomes and sex chromosomes.

C

Campbell and Reese Self quiz

B

In comparing the typical life cycles of plants and

animals, a stage found in plants but not in animals is a

a. gamete. b. zygote

c. multicellular diploid. d. multicellular haploid

D

Campbell and Reese Self quiz

Which of the following life cycles is seen in plants? B

Animals Plants Most fungi & some algae & some protists

A B C

Which of the following life cycles is seen in animals? A

Animals Plants Most fungi & some algae & some protists

A B C

The following life cycles is seen in animals.

Haploid gametes fuse to produce a 2n zygote

via which process?

FERTILIZATION

The following life cycles is seen in animals.

Diploid organisms produce haploid gametes via which process?

MEIOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in animals.

A diploid zygote becomes a diploid multicellular adult via which process?

MITOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Diploid organisms produce haploid spores via which process?

MEIOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid spores produce haploid multicellular gametophytes via which process?

MITOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid multicellular gametophytes produce haploid gametes via which process?

MITOSIS

The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid gametes produce a diploid zygote via which process?

FERTILIZATION

________________ DNA is all spread out as chromatin and nuclear envelope &

nucleoli are visible

________________ Chromatin condenses; homologues loosely start pairing along

their lengths

________________ Sister chromatids separate

________________ Homologous pairs line up in middle of cell

INTERPHASE I or II

PROPHASE I

ANAPHASE II

Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase I

Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Interphase II

METAPHASE I

________________ Replicated chromosomes lined up along equator

________________ Division of cells produce four haploid cells

________________ Kinetochores attach to sister chromatids

________________ Each half of the cell has a haploid set of chromosomes; cells still joined

METAPHASE II

CYTOKINESIS

METAPHASE I or II

Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase I

Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Cytokinesis

TELOPHASE I