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Mitosis & Meiosis

Practice Questions

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1 Identify two differences between meiosis and mitosis.

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2 Provide an example of a type of cell in the human body that would undergo mitosis.

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3 Does cell division occur during interphase? Explain your answer.

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4 Explain what occurs in the ‘S’ portion of interphase. Why is the ‘S’ sub-phase essential in preparation for mitosis.

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5 In what way is the preparation that occurs during the ‘G1’ phase similar to what occurs during the ‘S’ phase.

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6 Explain the importance of cytokinesis to the process of cell division.

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7 What is a centrosome, and how is it significant to the process of mitosis?

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8 How would you identify a cell based on appearance undergoing metaphase during mitosis?

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9 How are prophase and telophase opposites?

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10 Does the creation of a cell plate play a role in cytokinesis of plant or animal cells?

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11 Explain the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer. Students type their answers here

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12 What stage of mitosis is the cell below experiencing? How do you know?

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13 Provide two reasons for why cells would undergo mitosis.

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14 What are the two major divisions of the cell cycle?

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15 Identify the three ‘sub-phases’ of interphase, and explain the major goal of each sub-phase.

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16 What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?

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17 What is the difference between cytokinesis and mitosis?

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18 Explain the relationship between a kinetochore and the spindle fibers during mitosis.

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19 Briefly describe what occurs during anaphase.

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20 Why are vesicles important to the process of cytokinesis in plant cells?

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21 In what type of cell would you find a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis?

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22 It may be said that in plant cells, cytokinesis occurs from inside-out, while in animal cells the process occurs from the outside-in. Explain why this statement is true.

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23 Compare anaphase to fishing. What similarities might exist between the two?

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24 What is cloning? Students type their answers here

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25 Does an animal produced through SCNT resemble the organism that donated the nucleus or the organism that donated the egg cell?

Students type their answers here

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26 What stage of mitosis is the cell below experiencing? How do you know?

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27 Why do cells have a control system built into the cell cycle?

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28 Explain the relationship between cancer and the cell cycle.

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29 What is G0?

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30 Explain what contact inhibition is and how it helps regulate cell division.

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31 Is tumor metastasis usually related to benign or malignant tumors? Why does this have a negative effect on the body?

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32 Explain the relationship between chemotherapy and mitosis. How does chemotherapy specifically affect mitosis?

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33 Would a patient receiving chemotherapy or radiation for cancer treatment be more likely to exhibit bodily symptoms such as hair loss and nausea? Explain your answer.

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34 Explain the value of stem cell therapy for treating different types of cancers.

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35 Does an embryonic stem cell or an adult stem cell have a greater potential for differentiation? Explain your answer.

Students type their answers here

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36 How many checkpoints exist throughout the cell cycle?

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37 Mature human nerve cells exist at which phase of the cell cycle?

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38 Explain the role that contact inhibition plays in regulating or not regulating cancer cells.

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39 What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?

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40 What differences exist between chemotherapy and radiation treatment?

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41 A bone marrow transplant is most commonly used to treat which type of cancer?

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42 Compare the checkpoints of a cell cycle to traffic lights. How are the two similar in function?

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43 What is the difference between a stem cell that is pluripotent and one that is multipotent? Provide an example of a type of cell that would fall under each of these categories.

Students type their answers here

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44 What is the scientific term for a reproductive cell that utilizes meiosis for reproduction?

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45 If n represents a haploid number of chromosomes, 2n would represent a _______________ number of chromosomes.

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46 Provide a possible suggestion for what purpose a doctor would utilize a karyotype.

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47 What is an allele? Provide two possible alleles for hair color in humans.

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48 How many cells are produced through meiosis? How many chromosomes do each of these cells have in humans?

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49 Explain how crossing over can increase the genetic diversity within a population through meiosis.

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50 What is independent assortment? How does independent assortment affect genetic diversity?

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51 What is nondisjunction?

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52 Explain how you could use a karyotype to identify trisomy in an unborn child.

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53 If Turner’s Syndrome is the result of nondisjunction causing monosomy of the sex chromosomes, what is the combination of sex chromosomes in an individual experiencing Turner’s Syndrome?

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54 Predict the appearance of a karyotype of a zygote demonstrating polyploidy.

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55 Do somatic cells contain a haploid or diploid number of chromosomes?

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56 What are homologous chromosomes?

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57 How would the karyotype of a female differ from the karyotype of a male?

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58 Explain how the process of meiosis can reduce the number of chromosomes present in a daughter cell.

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59 Does crossing over increase genetic diversity in somatic cells? Why or why not?

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60 With the exception of the number of chromosomes present, what other cell division process does meiosis II resemble?

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61 How can an error in meiosis potentially lead to birth defects?

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62 What is aneuploidy? What are the two different possible results of a zygote exhibiting aneuploidy?

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63 Is nondisjunction resulting in a zygote lacking a second sex chromosome always fatal? Explain your answer.

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64 How does polyploidy affect plants differently than humans? Explain your answer.

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65 How many chromosomes would be present in the karyotype of an individual who has trisomy 21? Illustrations courtesy of www.macroevolution.net

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Illustrations courtesy of www.macroevolution.net

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