minooka - matter
Post on 22-Jun-2015
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Facts of Matter
MATTER
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter has mass (grams)Matter has volume (cc, ml, L)
Classification of Matter
MATTER
I. Homogeneous Mixtures
A. Pure Substances
1. Compounds
2. Elements
II. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Pure Substances
What makes a substance pure? A sample of the substance will have the
same properties as any other sample of that substance
Example: water - pure water has the same properties as any other sample of pure water in the world
Atoms
Building blocks of matterThe type of atom and how the atoms
interact with each other gives us the properties of matter Bonded Not bonded but close enough to each other
to interact
Elements
Substance that can not be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means
Simplest form of matter Pure substances Can be single atoms, or molecules (two or
more atoms chemically combined or bonded) 7 molecules - Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
Compound
A substance that is made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined
Can be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction
The atoms are bonded together, so the atoms in the molecule act as one unit Covalent (shared electrons) Ionic (held together by positive and negative
atoms)
Important characteristics of a Compound Elements making up a compound are
combined in a definite proportion by mass - the proportion is the same in all samples of the compound
The chemical and physical properties differ from the properties of it’s constituent elements
Compounds can be formed from simpler substances by a chemical change
• Element + Element• Element + Compound1. Compound + Compound
Characteristics con’t
Compounds are formed from simpler substances (elements and compounds) through a chemical change
Must use the chemical changes to break down the compound into it’s constituent substances
Mixtures
Matter that consists of parts that have different properties
Examples: air, salt water, milkMixtures contain two or more
substances which retain their individual properties when in the mixture
Characteristics that distinguish mixtures from elements Mixtures retain the properties of each
of the constituents This characteristic can be used to
separate a mixture into it’s constituents Can use physical properties to separate
Characteristics con’t
Composition of an element or compound is fixed. Composition of a mixture varies
Characteristics con’t
Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous Homogeneous - uniform characteristics
throughout. E.g. solution Heterogeneous - composition changes
throughout
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