methods of research - research and design (module 1)

MODULE 1 RESEARCH AND DESIGN

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

• Classify, differentiate or demonstrate the purposes, types and characteristics of research designs and methodologies.

The Meaning of Research

• It is an organized way of solving a problem or establishing the answer to a query

• It is the manner by which the individual articulates the meaning of facts and data.

Research as a Process

RESEARCH IS A CYCLIC PROCESS

Research begins with an unanswered question in the mind

of the researcher

1 Research sees the goal in a clear statement of the problem

Research subdivides the problem into appropriate sub-problems

4

Research poses tentative solutions to

the problem(s) through appropriate

hypotheses

3

2

Research looks for the fact directed by the hypotheses and guided by the problem

5

Research interprets the meaning of the facts which leads to the resolution of the problem

6

Purpose of Research

• improves the quality of life• improves instruction• improves students’ achievement• satisfies man’s needs• reduces the burden of work• has deep-seated psychological

aspects• improves the exportation of food

products

Characteristics of Research

1. Empirical

2. Logical

3. Cyclical3. Cyclical4. Analytical

5. Replicability

6. Critical

Criteria of a Good Research

1. Can be process

2. Specific

3. Generalizable4. Interpretable

Characteristics of a Researcher

1. Intellectual curiosity

2. Prudence

3. Healthy criticism4. Intellectual honesty

Characteristics of a Software Developer

1. Passionate

2. Curious

3. Humble4. Creative5. Friendly6. Fast Learner

7. Focus8. Comprehension9. Logic Skills

10. Pragmatic

Characteristics of a Software Developer

11. Not Pragmatic

12. Workman like

13. Thorough14. Intellect15. Energy16. Practices

17. Persistence18. Flexible19. Thirst for knowledge

20. Expert knowledge

Characteristics of a Software Developer

21. Deep knowledge

22. Broad knowledge

23. Ability to write24. Knowledge of CS/IT Fundamentals25. Verbal communication26. User oriented

27. Software design & architecture28. Quality oriented29. Balances coding priorities

30. Problem-solving

Characteristics of a Software Developer31. Development Tools

32. Seek simplicity

33. Interested in the field34. Avoid re-inventing the wheel35. Honest36. Detailed-oriented

37. Understands the lifecycle of Software Engineering38. Manage own workload

39. Cares about maintainability40. Uses source control

Characteristics of a Software Developer

41. Appreciate peer review

42. Able to read and learn source code

43. Understand performance44. Writes clean code45. Understands requirements specifications

46. Follows coding standard47. Wants to do the project48. Strong research skills49. Versatile

Types of Research

1. Purposive Nomenclature

2. Descriptive Research

Purposive Nomenclature Research

1. Fundamental or Basic Pure Research

2. Applied Research

3. Action Research

Descriptive Research

1. Historical Research

2. Descriptive Research

3. Experimental Research

4. Ex post Facto Research

5. Case Study Research

Other Classification of Research

1. Library Research

2. Field Research

3. Laboratory Research

The Meaning of Design

• Design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs.

Research Design

• Research design involves a set of Research design involves a set of decisions regarding what topic is to decisions regarding what topic is to be studied, among what population be studied, among what population or in what specific technology or in what specific technology application, with what research application, with what research method, and for what purpose. method, and for what purpose.

Types of Research Design

1. Historical Design1. Historical Design

2. Descriptive Design2. Descriptive Design

3. Experimental Design3. Experimental Design

4. Case Study Design4. Case Study Design

Uses of Historical Design

• Historical Research is useful in searching through the past for solutions to contemporary problems and needs.

• It is used to throw light on the present.

• It gives people a sense of continuity of the past to the present.

• It enables communities to grasp their relationship with the past to the current issues.

Uses of Historical Design

• By chronicling events of enduring worth which confers upon the individual consciousness of unity and feeling of the importance of human achievement.

Types of Descriptive Design

• Descriptive Survey• Descriptive-normative Survey• Descriptive Status• Descriptive Analysis• Descriptive Classification• Descriptive-evaluative• Descriptive-comparative• Correlational Survey• Longitudinal Survey

Types of Experimental Design

• Single-group design• Two-group design• Two-pair group design• Parallel-group design• Pretest-Posttest group design• Counterbalanced or Latin square design• Complete randomized design• Randomized complete black design• Correlational design

Research Conceptual Model

KNOWLEDGE REQ’T(Inclusions in Chapter 2)

FACILITY...MATERIALS...

Needs Analysis

Design

Fabrication and Assembly

Test and Improvement

Technology / Knowledge

(Distinguishing Characteristics)

Beneficiary Evaluation

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

IPO Research Paradigm

Research Conceptual Model

DESIGN 2

Research Conceptual Model

DESIGN 3

Research Conceptual Model

DESIGN 4

Research Conceptual Model

DESIGN 5

Research Methodology

• A set of strategies in the execution of the various tasks related to a research;

• Includes the proper conceptualization of the research problem, organization of theoretical or conceptual framework, the construction of a research design, and documentation.

Problem Conceptualization

• Scenario buildingThe broad concern related to the research problem is completely but briefly discussed.

• Problem analysisThe problem(s) related to the study

are identified and articulated clearly.

Problem Conceptualization

• Project focusingThe objectives, scope and limitations of the research to be undertaken are clearly describe.

Organization of Theoretical Framework

• Includes facts from books and theories from journals and theses.

• Shows the conceptual model of the study.

• Includes the definition of terms.

Characteristics of a Good Research Method

• Theory-Grounded: Reflects the theories which are being investigated

• Situational: Indicates the settings or conditions of the investigation

• Feasible: Can be implemented

• Redundant: Provides multiple processing particularly for validation

• Efficient: Maintains a balance between redundancy and the tendency to over-design