matter and molecules review chapter 3 review. vocabulary in living things, carbohydrates are broken...

Matter and Molecules

ReviewChapter 3 Review

Vocabulary

In living things, carbohydrates are broken down into ______________ for fuel.

Simple Sugars

Vocabulary

Long chains of _______ make proteins.

Amino Acids

Vocabulary

A chemical reaction can be represented by a __________.

Chemical Equation

Vocabulary

A substance that is made up of more than one kind of element is called a ___________.

Compound

Vocabulary

Anything that takes up space and has mass is _________.

Matter

Vocabulary

The raw materials in a chemical reaction are called __________.

Reactants

Vocabulary

Cell activities in living things are directed by ___________.

Nucleic Acids

What’s the Difference?

Chemical Symbol vs. Chemical Formula

Symbol- one- or two-letter symbol for an element. Formula- combination of chemical symbols used to represent a compound.

What’s the Difference?

Reactant vs. Product

Reactant- substance used up in chemical reaction (usually on left). Product- substance that is produced by a chemical reaction (right side).

What’s the Difference?

Amino acids vs. Nucleic Acids

Amino Acids- building blocks of proteins. Nucleic Acids- molecules that help direct cell activities and cell reproduction.

What the Difference?

Mixture vs. Solution

Mixture- two or more compounds that do not combine chemically. Solution- type of mixture in which the substances mix evenly.

What’s the Difference?

Element vs. Compound

Element- basic substances that make up matter. Compound- substance made up of more than one element.

What’s the Difference

Organic Compound vs. Inorganic Compound

Organic- found in living things and generally contain Carbon. Inorganic- generally do not contain Carbon.

What’s the Difference?

Atom vs. Molecule

Atom- building blocks of elements. Molecules- building blocks of compounds.

Check Your Knowledge

How many types of atoms can be contained in an element?

One

Check Your Knowledge

How does your body use proteins?

Proteins are used to build and repair body parts, to speed up chemical reactions, and to protect the body from diseases.

Check Your Knowledge

What is Matter?

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.

Check Your Knowledge

Starches and sugars are examples of what type of organic compound?

Carbohydrates

Check Your Knowledge

What form of matter has definite volume but not definite shape?

Liquid

Check Your Knowledge

Name the three phases of matter.

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Check Your Knowledge

What happens during a chemical change?

Atoms are rearranged to form new compounds.

Check Your Knowledge

How do chemists represent elements?

With one- or two-letter symbols.

Check Your Knowledge

What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Organic contain Carbon; inorganic don’t.

Check Your Knowledge

Give an example of a physical change.

Ex. Ice melting, ripping a piece of paper, cutting a rubber band.

True or False?

Molecules are made up of atoms and are the building blocks of elements.

False; Compounds

True of False?

A physical change occurs when ice melts.

True

True or False?

A chemical change affects a substance’s characteristics but does not change its identity.

False; Physical Change

True of False?

Organic compounds include proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

True

True of False?

In chemical equations, chemical formulas represent compounds.

True

True or False?

You balance a chemical equation by placing letters called coefficients in front of the chemical formulas.

False; Numbers

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between a solid, a liquid, and a gas?

Solid- definite shape and volume; particles close together. Liquid- definite volume. Gas- no definite shape or volume; particles spread out.

Check Your Understanding

What are the three parts that make up an atom? What are their charges? Where are they located?

Protons- in nucleus; positive charge. Neutron- in nucleus; no charge. Electron floating around nucleus; negative charge.

Check Your Understanding

What do the subscripts in a chemical formula indicate?

The number of atoms in a molecule.

Check Your Understanding

What’s the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA- directs cell to perform processes. RNA- carries information elsewhere in cell.

Check Your Understanding

How many Hydrogen atoms are in the molecule: 2C6H12O6

24