materials for energy phy563 introductory quizz

Materials for EnergyPHY563

Introductory Quizz

06/01/2021

Jean-François Guillemoles,

Nathanaëlle Schneider

Outline

1. Getting acquainted

2. Energy Quizz

3. Science Quizz

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GETTING ACCOINTED

3

Why did you choose this course?- I had to enroll- other:

Which type of background do you have on Material science?- I do not have any background on Material Science- other:

Would you define yourself more like : an engineer? A physicist? a chemist? Else?

Are you physicaly on campus?

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Prénom Nom Adresse de courriel

Agathe De La Selle agathe.de-la-selle@polytechnique.edu

Alfred Richard alfred.richard@polytechnique.edu

Axel Fauvel axel.fauvel@polytechnique.edu

Baptiste Quiniou baptiste.quiniou@polytechnique.edu

Clement Bouvier clement.bouvier@polytechnique.edu

Côme Thomas come.thomas@polytechnique.edu

Eloi Letzelter eloi.letzelter@polytechnique.edu

Grégoire Lelong gregoire.lelong@polytechnique.edu

Laura Volff laura.volff@polytechnique.edu

Thomas Richet thomas.richet@polytechnique.edu

Amir Hossein Kharatizadeh amir-hossein.kharatizadeh@polytechnique.edu

Kenza Benabderrazik kenza.benabderrazik@polytechnique.edu

Lilit Gevorkyan lilit.gevorkyan@polytechnique.edu

Marc Dayoub marc.dayoub@polytechnique.edu

Maria De Los Ángeles Betancourt Ovallemaria-de-los-angeles.betancourt-ovalle@polytechnique.edu

Noor Fikree noor.fikree@polytechnique.edu

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Prénom Nom Adresse de courriel

Omar El Kassri omar.el-kassri@polytechnique.edu

Peng Bai peng.bai@polytechnique.edu

Saif Sleiman saif.sleiman@polytechnique.edu

Symbat Samatova symbat.samatova@polytechnique.edu

Thomas Maaza thomas.maaza@polytechnique.edu

Yifeng Zhong yifeng.zhong@polytechnique.edu

Addepalli Pranay addepalli.pranay@polytechnique.edu

Dimitra Spyratou dimitra.spyratou@polytechnique.edu

Imad Audi imad.audi@polytechnique.edu

Megan Alieh Mahdi megan-alieh.mahdi@polytechnique.edu

Vishal Somanna Kukkera Vittala vishal-somanna-kukkera.vittala@polytechnique.edu

Alicia Rodriguez Vallejo alicia.rodriguez-vallejo@polytechnique.edu

Marc Jn Jacques marc.jn-jacques@polytechnique.edu

Tali Bourdon tali.bourdon@polytechnique.edu

Oussama El Alami El Hassani oussama.el-alami-el-hassani@polytechnique.edu

ENERGY QUIZZ

7

• What produces more power : The sun, a nuclear power plant, a candle or you ?

o Per cm3?

o Per kg?

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Conversion power density

o C-si 200 µm, 1 sun: (0.2 kW/kg)

1W/cm3 (200 µm, 1 sun, 20%)

o Thin film:

>100 W/cm3 (2 µm, 20-30%)

o Sun :

core 0.3 mW/cm3

Average 4 µW/cm3

o Animal metabolism ~ mW/cm3

o Flame : ~20 W/cm3

o Core of thermal plants : 100-300 W/cm3

9

Data

• Sun radius : 7E8 m, mass 2E30 kg; average density: 1.4 g/cm3; surf emission 60MW/m²

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• What drives the earth thermodynamic machine:

o Solar energy flux?

o Something else?

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Planet earth thermodynamic machine

• Energy Balance

• Entropy balance

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Leaves room for organization and life

• What drives the earth thermodynamic machine:

o Solar energy flux?

o Something else?

• Incident solar energy :

o How many years of stored thermal energy? Of Coal?

o Photosynthesis , wind are which fraction of incident solar flux?

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Exergy flows (Orr, Stanford U.)

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SCIENCE QUIZZ

15

Thermodynamics/Statistical physics

• Energy/free energy? Variance?

• What is a thermodynamic state?

• Chemical potential? Electrochemical potential?

• Phase space? Boltzmann entropy? What is a state in statistical physics?

• Fermi-Dirac distribution? Bose Einstein distribution?

• Density of states?

• Blackbody radiation?

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Quantum mechanics

• What is a state in quantum mechanics?

• Heisenberg uncertainty principles?

• What are atomic orbitals?

• Covalent bonding in QM?

• Dispersion curves?

• Hamiltonian?

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Energy scales in materials

• Electronic

o Ionisation, Affinity, Work function, …

• Thermo-chemical

o Formation/dissociation energies

• Mechanical energies

o Elastic, plastic, fracture

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Chemical potentials

affinityWork function

c

eeN

nkT ln0

Vacuum level

Local Vac. Level

Affinity

Chem. potentiel

Ionization

Materials

• What is the difference between a metal, a semiconductor and an insulator?

• Conduction band? Valence Band? Band gap?

• Crystal structures?

• What is a free electron? A phonon? A plasmon?

• What methods do you know to measure/qualify a material?

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Crystal structures

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Energy conversion processes

• Thermoelectricity?

• Photovoltaics?

• Batteries?

• Fuel cells?

• Wind turbine ?

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Chemistry

• Catalysis? Do you know an example?

• "activation Energy",

• "reaction enthalpy",

• "covalent bond",

• nucleophilic substitution

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Practice of scientific studies

• Have you already worked on a scientific article?

• Do you know how to perform a bibliographic search?

• Which tools are you familiar with?Googlescholar? –sciFinder?

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