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Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
STSM Title
STSM number:
STSM grantee:
Urban gardening in Leipzig, Germany
ECOST‐STSM‐TU1201‐030414‐044037
Maria Ines Cabral, PhD, M. Arch. Researcher at Architectural Research Lab (LABART) /Lusophone University (ULHT) Campo Grande, 376 1749 ‐ 024 Lisboa
Host institution:
Hosting Professor:
Department of Geography, Universität Leipzig
Prof. Ulrike Weiland
Work group: Policy and urban development (WG1)
STSM duration: 15.04.2014 – 15.06.2014
ABSTRACT
This document presents the first results of a Short Term Scientific Mission for the COST ACTION TU1201,
undertaken in Leipzig from April 15th until June 15th of 2014. The research goal was to characterize the
Allotment Gardens (AG) and Community Gardens (CG) in the city of Leipzig, considering the formal
organization of the urban fabric, the types of management of each model, the biodiversity contribution for
the city, and produce handling.
INDEX
‐ Introduction ‐ Goals ‐ Methodology ‐ Historical background ‐ The city of Leipzig ‐ Allotment gardens/Kleingärten ‐ Community gardens/ Gemeinschaftsgärten ‐ Findings ‐ Discussion ‐ Conclusion ‐ References ‐ Appendices
‐table A1‐urban gardens sampling ‐Questionnaire template
INTRODUCTION
Urban gardening has been a 200 years tradition in northern and central Europe. Old allotment gardens
(kleingärten) started as a complement for low income workers during industrial revolution, and are still
active in cities like Leipzig. More recently, these allotment gardens have been ageing, while new initiatives
are becoming more popular among younger citizens who take over brownfield areas in order to create
community gardens (Gemeinschaftsgärten).
Maria In
GOALS
The sp
differe
urban
METH
The re
work
(Geme
social
questi
HISTO
The G
body
accou
47000
in its c
called
health
centur
(garde
legisla
Land L
«Fede
THE C
The ci
nês Cabral
S
pecific goal of
ences and ana
gardening ex
ODOLOGY
esearch comp
consisted on
einshaftsgärte
profile, the
ionnaire temp
ORICAL BACKG
erman Allotm
of 20 regiona
nt for around
0 ha (BDG, 201
cities. In Leipz
"Schreber Mo
h conditions a
ry the city adm
ens of the poo
ation for allotm
Law", provide
eral Allotment
ITY OF LEIPZIG
ity of Leipzig
f the research
alyzing their c
periences in L
prised a previo
surveying a
en). The surve
garden organ
plate on the ap
ROUND
ment Garden F
al associations
1 million allot
13). Presently
ig alone, there
ovement“ or S
among industr
ministration, t
or). Several re
ment gardenin
ed security in
Gardens Act»
G
comprises 53
is to study al
characteristics
Leipzig versus
ous literature
sample of 3
eys addressed
nization and
ppendices).
ederation (BD
s with a total
tment garden
there are mo
e are 278 allot
Schrebergärte
rial workers a
the churches
eplication of th
ng in German
land tenure a
» (Leipzig Mus
31,809 inhabit
after
sever
years
urban
after
stude
voids
Fig. 1
lotment garde
s. Later the re
Lisbon, Portug
review on u
allotment ga
d issues like th
use, the gard
DG‐ Bundesver
of 15,000 all
ns used by abo
ore than one m
tment garden
en emerged in
and their fami
and industria
he idea happe
ny was publish
and fixed leas
eumsführer, 2
tants (tab.1) w
1990 but, in
ral urban par
s of communi
n gardening.
the reunificat
ents and artis
s as a result of
. Leipzig city lim
ens versus co
esearch will d
gal.
rban gardenin
ardens (Kleing
he physical ga
den produce
rband Deutsch
lotment garde
out five million
million small g
clubs coverin
the city of Le
ilies (Leipzig M
l employers p
ened in Austri
hed. The so‐ca
sing fees. In 1
2001).
within 297Km
2010 the city
rks and canal
ism history, a
The commun
tion and prov
sts. These ne
f the city shrin
mits and the loca
mmunity gard
evelop into a
ng experience
gärten) and 4
arden charact
and the gar
her Gartenfreu
en association
n gardeners an
gardens in Ger
ng an area of 8
eipzig ( Saxony
Museumsführ
provided open
a and Switzer
alled "Small G
1983, this law
m2. It went thr
started to gro
s running thr
and several ar
nity gardens h
ide a meeting
w urban gard
nkage.
ation of its cent
Jul
dens, by defin
comparison
es in Leipzig. T
4 community
teristics, the g
rden biodiver
unde) is the g
ns. These asso
nd covering an
rmany, locate
837 ha. In 186
y), in order to
er, 2001). In t
n spaces for ga
rland. In 1919
Garden and Sm
was amende
ru a shrinking
ow again. The
ru it. The city
reas are alloc
have been pr
g point for imm
dens often us
ter (A)
ly 7th 2014
ning their
between
The field
gardens
gardener
sity (see
overning
ociations
n area of
ed mainly
4 the so‐
improve
the 19th
ardening
the first
mall‐Rent
d by the
g process
e city has
y has 40
cated for
rospering
migrants,
se urban
Maria In
ALLOT
Spread
accou
to the
Südvo
Kleing
Figure 2belong (2003).TConnewVAGaBU
nês Cabral
TMENT GARDE
d across the
nting for 837
e 19th centu
rstadt e.V. (si
gärtner Museu
2. Leipzig urban ato parishes (blue The green numbewitz, 3‐Queerbeet,UND
Tabl
Populatio
Area (km
Populatio
GDP (per
Unemplo
Latitude
Climate
Altitude (
Rainfall (
Mean tem
Area gree
Area of u
ENS OR KLEING
city of Leipzi
ha of the tota
ury and three
ince 1874), an
um since 1996
llotments gardencolor). Mixed owers represent the , 4‐Solidarische Fe
e 1. Leipzig socia
on (inh.)
m2)
on density (inh./k
r capita)
oyment rate (%)
(m)
mm/year)
mperature (0C)
en spaces (m2 per
urban gardening (
GÄRTEN (KG)
g there are 2
al urban area
e of them ar
nd the KG Dr.
.
ns in 2003 (Stadt Lwnerships are rarelocation of the coeldwirtschaft, 5‐ N
l, economic and e
Leipzig
km2)
r capita)
ha)
278 allotment
(figure2). Twe
re classified:
Schreber E.V
Leipzig, 2003). Moe (crossed areas) ommunity gardenNachbarschaftsgä
environmental ind
531,809 (201
297
1,800
23,300 (201
11 (2012)
51° 19′ 44″
Continenta
113
595
9.3
121
843
t gardens (Sta
enty six of the
the KG Joha
V. (since 1864)
ost UA are city owSource: adapted ns or Gemeinschaärten Lindenau, 6
dicators
12)
11)
N
al
adt Leipzig G
e original Schr
annistal e.V.
). The last one
wned (red color), from Stadt Leipziaftsgärten: 1‐Ann6‐Ernte mich, 7‐Ko
Jul
Grünflächenam
rebergärten d
(since 1832),
e hosts the D
private (yellow cig Grünflächenamalinde, 2‐Stadtgäolonnadengärten
ly 7th 2014
mt, 2014)
date back
the KG
Deutsches
olor) or mt ärten , 8‐
Maria In
Two a
the cit
Kleing
most K
mostly
is no b
for ag
In 201
city ha
Gerth
as wel
The KG
1/3 o
recom
now m
of gard
Figure 3
the play
nês Cabral
ssociations ar
ty of Leipzig, a
gärten’ is resp
KGV are city o
y used for rec
bigger than 40
ricultural use.
14 the city of
as acknowledg
et al, 2013; B
ll as connectin
G codes are st
f the space t
mmends comp
mainly used fo
deners donate
3, 4. The Deutsche
yground area in th
Area (ha)
number of uni
Lot age
re responsible
are supervised
ponsible for t
owned, some a
creation, but s
00m2 (Gröning
Leipzig is cur
ged that, bot
Buhtz et al, 20
ng KG to existi
trict and defin
to food, 1/3
osting, since s
or recreationa
ed goods for f
es Kleingärtnerm
he middle of the
Figure 5,6. The
Table 2
its 27
Varie
e for the urba
d by the ‘City
he gardens w
are privately o
some weree fo
g, 2005). The a
rently celebra
h the KG and
008), and that
ng and new g
ne the minimu
to flowers a
some fertilizer
al reasons, mo
food banks (Le
useum is located
Schrebergärten.
e streets conduce
2. The characterist
KGV
837
78 KGV (Ab in den
es from years 180
n allotments.
Federation o
within the inco
owned, and ve
ood bank supp
annual rent is
ating 150 year
their gardene
t a new policy
reen areas wi
um cultivated
and 1/3 to in
rs are forbidde
ost of its prod
eipziger Tafel e
in a Schrebergart
to several lots. S
tics of Kleingärten
Leipzig
n Urlaub,2013)
0, 1900 and 2000
The allotmen
of Kleingärten
orporated mu
ery few still be
pliers until rec
low (0.12 €/m
rs over the fir
ers, are agein
is needed in
th recreationa
area by speci
nfra‐structure
en and herbic
uce is meant
e.V., 2011).
ten on Aachener S
culptures animat
n and Gemeinsch
0
nt gardens wit
Leipzig’. The
unicipalities. A
elong to local
cently. The Kle
m2) since the l
rst allotment
ng (Hauberker
order to attra
al use.
fically requirin
s (SLK, 2013)
cides use is lim
for family ext
Straße 7 (left). Th
e the long streets
haftsgärten
CG
6,08
8 (Garten Leipz
Since 19
Jul
hin the old bo
‘District Fede
According to
parishes. The
eingärten lot
land is official
gardens. Rece
rn, 2014, on r
act younger ga
ng each lot to
) (table 3). T
mited. Althoug
tra food. In 20
he site plan (right
s.
zig,2014)
93
ly 7th 2014
orders of
ration of
figure 2,
KGV are
size (KG)
ly meant
ently the
eport by
ardeners
o allocate
The code
gh KG are
007, 10%
) shows
Maria In
THE CO
In add
greene
the la
garden
initiat
(Umw
initiate
used
studen
Linden
proced
progra
these
the lot
The pr
CG br
garden
figure 7
G
G
Fi
A
G
1 www.o
2 bund‐
3 annali
4 nachb
nês Cabral
Lot use
Lot Size ( m2 )
management
Annual rent (€/
OMMUNITY G
dition to the
ery that in pa
st years, the
ns or Gemein
ive is called S
weltbund Leipzi
ed by a germa
mainly for re
nts, artists an
nau 4 (since
dures are sta
ams are provi
areas as gard
t. Therefore g
roduce in CG
reed small an
ners are acqua
7,8 . Representatio
Gardeners selectio
Gardeners age
inancing of garde
Area/function ratio
Gardening practice
oekoloewe.de leipzig.de/themende‐leipzig.de/ arschaftsgaerten
Recre
)
t nationa
m2)
GARDENS (CG)
formal allotm
art are used a
Leipzig comm
nschaftsgärten
Stadtgärten C
ig). One of the
an NGO called
ecreation and
nd immigrants
2003). In co
andard (table
ided and fina
ens is time lim
ardeners pay
includes main
nimals such a
ainted with th
on of Annalinde O
T
on
ening n
o
es Perm
n_und_projekte/
.de/
eational, 10% foo
300‐40
al: BDG; Locally: 2
0.12 + maint
) OR GEMEINS
ments, the shr
s community
munity garden
n, within the
Connewitz 1, d
e most recent
d BUND (Bund
d pedagogic
s, such as the
ommunity ga
3). When a
nced by EU p
mited, becaus
only a symbo
nly vegetables
as chickens,
he concept of
Offner Gärten and
Table 3. urban ga
K
no financial aid, T
1/3 food, 1
mission for: 1 story
/urban_gardening
d banks suppliers
00
2 entities (see tex
tenance
SCHAFTSGÄRT
rinking city h
gardens (c.f.
ns have prosp
city boundar
dates from 19
t initiative is c
für Umwelt u
purposes. Mo
e Annalinde g
rdens there
a legal associ
projects or pro
se the municip
lic rent to the
and it is used
rabbits and
ecosystem se
d entrance wall p
rdening managem
Leipzig
Kleingärten
na
Ageing
Tafel organization
1/3 flowers 1/3 o
y shelter up to 24
g/vagabund/
s
xt) NGO`s, Leg
TEN
as created ur
Muschak et a
pered and tod
ries (table 2)
993 and is ru
alled Vagabun
und Naturschu
ost of them
garden3 (since
are few rule
iation exists,
ograms like A
pality or the p
city or to the
d for self‐cons
beehives. The
rvices.
ainting at Zschoch
ment and techniq
n (formerly)
ther
4 m2,
recreatio
Local commu
gal associations, n
interim occupan
rban brownfie
al. 2009, Loran
day there are
using little o
un by a local
nd 2, dates fro
utz Deutschlan
have become
e 2011) and
es, neverthele
such as in A
Agenda 21. Us
private landow
private lando
sumption and
e biodiversity
hersche Str. 12
ques
Gemeins
pro
y
city provides
instituti
V
Raised beds on c
Jul
onal
unities
neighborhood gro
ncy/leasing
elds and spon
nce & Haase 2
already 8 com
over 6 ha. Th
NGO called Ö
om 2013 and h
d ). These gar
e meeting po
Nachbarschaf
ess organic ga
Annalinde, pe
sually the righ
wner may late
owner.
seldom for sa
y is usually h
schaftsgärten
oximity
young
s water, european
ions support
Varies
ontaminated area
ly 7th 2014
oups
ntaneous
2011). In
mmunity
he oldest
Ökolöwe
has been
rdens are
oints for
ftsgärten
ardening
edagogic
ht to use
r reclaim
ales. Few
high and
n
as
Maria In
H
p
FINDIN
The as
were
garden
in soil
garden
garden
1‐
2‐
3‐
4‐
5‐
6‐
Table 4
Community garden
1‐
Annalinde offener gärten
nês Cabral
andling of garden
roducts
Note: KGV‐Kle
NGS
ssessed comm
selected acco
ns located bot
l and undergr
ns. The interv
n chairmen. T
‐ The ga
‐ The ty
‐ The ga
‐ The ga
‐ Produ
‐ Enviro
. brief description
Annalinde offenwas once used
green
wide,
Forbi
Tall tr
Recom
Comp
(some
nestin
ning Self‐c
10%
eingärten, CG‐Co
munity garden
ording to their
th in public la
round water.
viewees were
he questionna
arden features
ype of manage
ardener social
ardening proce
ce: yield and h
onmental educ
n of the sampled
ner gärten was opfor waste dump
nhouses up to 12
, aviaries, beehive
dden:
rees, livestock
mmended:
posting, limited h
e fertilizers are fo
ng season (trimm
consumption
donations to foo
mmunity Garden
ns are located
r proximity to
nd and privat
Interviews w
e either the
aires addresse
s: size, age, inf
ement: admini
background:
esses: selectio
handling of pr
cation backgro
allotment garden
pen in 2011. The ing in former GD
beds and othand some bewild berries reduction. MoThe Annalindewith the city. heating for this improvised There is partiThe garden pUnion funded(2012/13) witgroup interacAprikosengärAnnalinde gär
m2, lakes, pools
es.
erbicides are reco
orbidden), no dist
ming)
d banks (Tafel)
ns, na‐non applica
d within the c
o nearby com
e land. In som
were performe
community g
ed topics like:
frastructures.
istrative organ
age, occupati
on of species,
roduce.
ound on biodiv
ns and community
garden lot is nextDR times. The garher portable conteehives are also bushes, and a fost of the produce gardeners (15) The garden is eqhe greenhouse. Thfor events. al funding from trovides consultind project on Educath a focus on sustcts with other initrten in Dresden. rten doesn´t cont
up to 3.6 m
ommended
turbance during
able
city limits. Th
munity garde
me of these ga
ed in 4 comm
garden official
nization, use, c
on, education
irrigation, fert
versity and ec
y gardens based o
t to a public librarden encompassetainers for mobiliavailable. The gafew trees. The gction is for local saare formally assouipped with potahere is also acces
he European Uniog on how to creaation for Sustainatainable handling iatives like the Pr
tribute to food ba
No fences in betw
Livestock, insect
are allowed;
Organic and perm
techniques, gree
Local sale, local c
he allotment g
ens. The samp
rdens, contam
munity garden
l representati
costs.
n.
tilizing, pest c
cosystem serv
on field survey an
ary and it is locatees 1500m
2 and co
ity reasons. Somearden produces vgardening methoale. ociated and have aable water, electrs to the adjacent
on and Agenda 21te a community gable Developmenof food. Most visrinzessinnengärte
anks.
Jul
ween plots
hotels and beehiv
maculture
nhouses
consumption
gardens (278
ple contains a
mination was d
ns and in 3 a
ives or the a
ontrol.
ices.
nd interviews.
ed on municipal lonsists mainly of e chickens are brvegetables, spiceod is organic du
a 3 years lease coicity, compost toi library toilets, an
1. garden under a Eunt called Jugend insitors are from Leen in Berlin, and
ly 7th 2014
ves
in total)
llotment
detected
allotment
allotment
and, which raised soil red on site es, flowers, e to costs
ontract ilets, and nd a kiosk
uropean n Aktion eipzig. The
Maria In
Community garden
2‐
Nachabarschaftsgärten
Lindenau
Community garden
3 –
VAGaB
UND
Community garden
4‐ Ernte mich
Allotm
ent garden A‐
Westendgarten
KGV
Allotm
ent garden B‐
Reichsbahn KGV
nês Cabral
Founded in 200
the composting area
system. CompoNeighbors appr
performed task
03, the Nachbarsc
, a private greenhouse
sting and organiceciate the initiati
s. Another projec
chaftsgärten Lind
and the communal ad
VAGaBNGO csuburbagreemThe plgroundis verydonatibushesneighb
c techniques are uve. VAGaBUND d
FoundIt is lolarge gculturethe gaOver 2used awith atreatmintrodu
ct includes selling
The Win mu130mequipelectrare tconveconsudoesn
The Rpublialso carounconnesepticas wdonat
denau is located i
obe stove.
BUND started in 2called BUND. Thban residential nment with the lanot contains seved contamination (y recent. The prodon to friends. Ms and the infrasborhood and a coused. Some evendoesn´t donate pr
ed in Spring 2014ocated in a farmingreenhouse. Thee rotation, compordener provides25 (up to 40) speas meadow. The a compost toilement plant. The ouce a new conceg the vegetables o
Westendgärten KGunicipal land, clom
2 each, and fou
pped with a resricity connectionsthe main plantatentional techniquumption. There in´t provide produ
Reichsbahn KGV wc land (Deutsch Bclose to a gas stand 300m
2 each. T
ection, rainwaterc tank. Conventio
well as compostintions to friends a
in a residential aand hosts 100 between the nand rent (40 egreenhouses. rainwater storkitchen. Gardanimals`s sheltand the adobeSome social eand organic tec Figure 8. Nachbarscand cooking meals
2013. The initiativhe garden has 9neighborhood. Tndlord for a tempral raised soil be(lead and cadmiuduce is mostly foost of the gardenstructures. The mpost toilet. Thets take place for roduce to food ba
4, Ernte mich is thng area and encoe project has staosting and no pesbird houses and ecies are/will begarden has no et, rain water stowner is an enginept of self‐harvesonline.
GV was founded se to railway roaur of them are estaurant. The pls but no sewage tions. The 154 gues but also coms one festival thuce for the Leipzig
was founded in 19Bahn) where soilation, a nursery aThe KG plots are er storage, and inonal gardening mng. Most prodund others.
rea, in private langardeners. In Lin
neighbors that paeuros). Some struThe garden is
rage, electricity eners share thter, the straw bae stove. There is events take placechniques are stan
chaftsgarden Lindenauin the wintertime, the
ve is not legally as9 active memberThe land is privaporary use which eds and portable um). There are nor home and localn is occupied by garden is equipere is no power suvisitors, training anks.
he most recent coompasses 3,5 haarted with crowsticides are somefruit trees to attcultivated, altho
electricity, water,torage, and alsoneering student ating where the b
in 1912 and encoads and a bus staempty or not useots are equippeconnection. Veg
gardeners are orgmposting. The prohat takes place yg food bank.
908 and encomp contamination iand a cemetery. equipped with elen the visited plot ethods like grain ce is meant for
Jul
nd. It encompassndenau the lots aay a symbolic feeuctures are privas equipped wiand gas for the
he composting ale house, the walso a bike repae at Lindenau. Cndard.
u: the strawbale housee rabbits`shelter, the b
ssociated but is furs. The lot is locate and there isrequires a pond tcontainers, due
o fruit trees since l consumption, veexisting vegetatiped with waterupply, sewage or sessions and scho
ommunity garden. It contains 75 p
wd funding. Orgae of the techniqutract birds for peough most of the, or heating. It iso a biological wat Dresden who buyer pays accord
ompasses 2,5ha. Iation. It has 154 ed. The kleingäred with public wgetables, spices aganized in a cluoduction is mostyearly. The kleing
asses 3,1 ha. It iss monitored. The It contains 109 ectrical power, pu there is also a auger for pest cor family consum
ly 7th 2014
ses 6000m2
are divided e for water ate like the ith water, e common heap, the warehouse, iring shop. Composting
e for gathering barbecue area,
unded by a cated in a s a no‐fee to be built. to existing the garden ery few for on such as from the no heating ool groups.
n in Leipzig. plots and a anic seeds, es. Instead est control. e garden is s equipped wastewater decided to ding to the
t is located plots with ten club is water and nd flowers b and use tly for self‐gärten club
s located in e garden is plots with ublic water 3 chamber ontrol used mption and
Maria In
Allotm
ent garden C‐
Naturefreunde KGV
DISCU
Comm
comm
audien
public
for oc
are no
The te
(Kleing
compo
and ec
small
The in
no co
public
Soil be
garden
Organ
kleing
The sp
divers
in CG.
both g
The pr
Donat
not pr
CONC
Furthe
produ
struct
nês Cabral
connection andused.
USSION
munity garden
mon recreation
nces. Commu
c environment
cupational us
ot as common
echniques use
gärtner). Thes
osting and few
cosystem serv
plots can be v
nfrastructures
nnection to s
c kitchens or e
ed is the most
ns due to so
nic gardening
ärten. Irrigatio
pecies cultivat
e and usually
Although ins
gardens for ae
roduce is not
tion to food b
rovided anymo
LUSIONS
er work need
ction. Furthe
ured interview
d compost toilet.
ns and allotm
nal service is
nity gardens a
tal education
e and family g
as the ones t
d in the Kleing
se gardeners
w use organic
vices among k
very high.
among the tw
sewage. Garde
ven outdoor s
t common tec
il contaminat
on CG is mor
on is usually d
ted by Kleingä
y include seve
ect hotels are
esthetics and a
donated in m
banks is not co
ore by the city
s to be accom
r research wi
ws in order to
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Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
REFERENCES Annalinde (2014). Retrieved in April 2014 from: annalinde‐leipzig.de/. BDG ‐ Bundesverband Deutscher Gartenfreunde e. V. (2013). Retrieved in November 2013 from:
http://www.kleingarten‐bund.de/. Buhtz, M., Lindner, M., Gerth, H. (2008). Städtebauliche, ökologische und soziale Bedeutung des Kleingartenwesens in
Reihe Forschungen, Issue 133, Bonn. Bund (2014), Retrieved in April 2014 from: bund‐leipzig.de/themen_und_projekte/urban_gardening/vagabund/. Deutsches Kleingärtnermuseum (2001). Deutschlands Kleingärtner vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert, Museumsführer,
Leipzig. Garten Leipzig (2014). Gemeinschaftsgärten, Retrieved in April 2014 from: http://www.garten‐
leipzig.net/stiftung/Mitgaertner.asp. Gerth, H., Buhtz M., Lindner, M, Marsch, S. (2013). Bewältigung der Leerstandsproblematik in Kleingartenanlagen in
strukturschwachen Regionen. Forschungen, Heft 158, Hrsg.: BMVBS, Berlin. Greenkeys (2008). Case Report: Leipzig, Germany. Retrieved in May 2014 from:
http://www.ioer.de/greenkeys/Greenkeys_Tools/casesreport/PDF/Leipzig/Case%20report_Leipzig.pdf. Gröning, G. (2005). The World of Small Urban Gardens. In: Chronica Horticulturae, 45, 2, 22‐25:25. Haberkern (2014). Personal information obtained from Mrs. Karin Haberkern, Department for Urban Green and Water at
the City of Leipzig, in a meeting with Dr. Weiland on April 3, 2014. Leipziger Tafel e. V. (2011). Tafelgärten in Kleingärtenvereinen, Retrieved in February 2014 from: http://
http://www.astrobiker.de/geocachen/infos_zu_tafelgaerten.pdf. Muschak, C., Weiland, U., Banzhaf E. (2009). Brachflächen in Stadtentwicklung und kommunalen Planungen am Beispiel
der Städte Leipzig und Stuttgart. Hrsg.: Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung UFZ. UFZ‐Bericht 02/2009. Leipzig. Nachbarschaftsgärten (2013). Retrieved in November 2013 from: http://nachbarschaftsgaerten.de/. Ökolöwe (2014). Retrieved in April 2014 from: oekoloewe.de. Rall E., Haase, D. (2011). Creative intervention in a dynamic city: a sustainability assessment of an interim use for
brownfields in Leipzig, Germany. in Landscape and Urban Planning n.100 (2011), 189‐201. Rosol, M. (2006). Gemeinschaftengärten in Berlin. Eine qualitative untersuchung zu Potentialen und Risiken
bürgerschaftlichen Engagements im Grünflächenbereich vor dem Hintergrund des Wandels von Staat und Planung. Mensch‐und‐Buch‐Verlag, Berlin.
Stadt Leipzig Grünflächenamt (2003a). Kleingärtenkonzeption booklet, Leipzig. Stadt Leipzig Grünflächenamt (2003b). Kleingärtenkonzeption Plan: Kleingärtenbestand und eigentumsverhältnisse,
scale 1:25000 (03.04.2003). SLK ‐ Stadtverband Leipzig der Kleingärtner e.V. (2013). Kleingärtenordnung, Retrieved in February 2014
from:http://stadtverband‐leipzig.de/de/gesetze‐und‐verordnungen.html?download=14:kleingartenordnung‐des‐stadtverbandes‐leipzig‐der‐kleingaertner‐2013.
Maria In
APPEN
Table A1‐T
Garde
(A) NACHBLINDENAU Address: Jo04177 LeipGPS: 51.33Contact: Stschmiedichwww.nach (B) ANNALAddress: Zs04229 LeipGPS: 51.33Contact: Phhttp://anninfo@anna C) WESTENAddress: D Leipzig‐NeGPS:51.334Contact: NTelefon: (0 0174 ‐ 78 kgvwesten
(D) QUERBAddress: N04315 LeipGPS: 51.34Contact: Fainfo@querwww.quer
(E) MARIANAddress: W
Leipzig, Ge
GPS:51.349
Contact: Bu
Telefon: (0
drahkrub1@
www.maria
(F) STADTGAddress: Ko04277 LeipGPS: 51.30Contact: FrTel. 0341‐3www.oeko
(G) WALDIDAddress: ThConnewitz GPS:51.305Contact: Rakgvwaldidy
nês Cabral
NDICES
The sampled gardens li
n name and contact
ARSCHAFTSGÄRTEN osephstraße 27 pzig‐Lindenau 33785, 12.334635 tefan Schmiedichen hens@gmail.com barschaftsgaerten.de
INDE schochersche Str. 12 pzig, Plagwitz 33601, 12.338510 hilipp Scharf alinde‐leipzig.de alinde‐leipzig.de
NDGÄRTEN e.V. Demmeringstraße 102 eu‐Lindenau 04179 4989, 12.320107 orbert Bornmann 03 41) 4 80 75 10/ 18 168 dgaerten@freenet.de
EET eustädter Str. 20 pzig, Volkmarsdorf 46177, 12.400626 alko rbeet‐leipzig.de beet‐leipzig.de
NNENGÄRTEN e.V * Waldbaurstraße, 04347
ermany
99677,12.4123014
urkhard Thom
0341)20019150
@t‐online.de
annengaerten‐leipzig.d
GÄRTEN CONNEWITZ ohrener/Burgstädter Spzig 04539, 12.385365 rank Vogel 3065‐114 oloewe.de/stadtgarten.
DYLL e.V.* hrenaer Straße 19 Leip04277 50555, 12.3848129 ainer Karfus yll@web.de
sted according to their
ts
Nachbarscha
Nachbarscha
de.tl
Querbeet an
traße
.html
pzig‐
Stadtgärten C
r contact person, locati
aftsgärten(A)
aftgärten, Annalinde an
d Mariannengärten e.V
Connewitz and Waldidy
on and main bried des
location
Annalinde (B)
nd Westendgärten e.V.
V. (E )
yll e.V. (G)
cription. The ones surv
(C)
veyed are shown in dar
Since 2003;located in anresidential neighprivate land; inbike repair shop abale building.
Jul
rker.
description
7248m2,
n urban hborhood; nlcudes a and straw
Since 2commerneighbomunicipasoil bedsa formal
Since
154 p
Muni
close
roads
statio
resta
Since 201Suburbanneighborlot, raisedgreenhou
Sin2,7ploprPlapuac
Since4700schoBrowSuburesidneighmanÖkol
Sinha,subresneimuconsoigro
ly 7th 2014
011; 1200m2,
rcial orhood; al land, raised s, managed by association.
e 1912, 2,74ha,
plots,
cipal land,
to railway
s and bus
on , 1
urant
12, 929m2,
n residential rhood, fenced d beds, large use.
nce 1905, 78ha, 141 ots, public and rivate land, ayground, ublic water ccess.
e 1993, 0m2, former ol garden and wnfield, urban dential hborhood, aged by the öwe Leipzig.
nce 1897, 9,32 , 361 plots, burban sidential ighborhood, unicipal land, ntaminated l and oundwater.
Maria In
*Kleinga
(H) SOLIDAAddress: St04318 LeipGPS: 51.33contact: Mkontakt@sMobil: 017http://stad (I) LEIPZIG Address: St043118 LeiGPS:51.337contact: MTel: 0341 6www.kgv‐lverein@kg
(J) ERNTE MAddress: GBaumschul04288 LeipGPS: 51.27Contact: RiTel: 0 177 3Richard.Hawww.ernte (K) NATURLiebertwolAddress: St04288 LeipGPS: 51.27contact: Hetel: 0341 4fisdie10@w
(L) VAGABUDES BUND)Address: W04277 LeipGPS: 51.30Contact: Mfinanzen@Tel: 0341 ‐ www.bundleipzig.de/tan_garden (M) REICHSAddress: ALeipzig‐ConGPS: 51.31Contact: Gguenter.ka
(N) KOLONAddress: AFriedrich‐F04209 LeipGPS: 51.32Tel.: 0341 ‐www.kolon (O) SOMMAddress: ZsGPS:51.305Contact Se
nês Cabral
rten where intervie
ARISCH FELDWIRTSCHAtünzer Weg pzig Stünz 34182, 12.438176 arian Schwarz stadt‐gaertner.de 73 5 784 273 dt‐gaertner.de/index.ht
STÜNZ e.V.* tüntz‐ Mölkauer weg ipzig 78704,12.4358761 r. Bernd Schneeweiß 6516854 eipzig‐stuenz.de gv‐leipzig‐stuenz.de
MICH LIEBERTWOLKWITroßpösnauer Straße/Ale pzig 76916, 12.479130 ichard Hagedorn 3273278 agedorn@erntemich.deemich.de
FREUNDE e.V. kwitz/Vorsitzende törmthaler Straße 53, pzig 71612, 12.468124 err Fischer 6 65 41 31/ 0152 5357web.de
UND (VIELE‐ARTEN‐GA) Wolfgang‐Heinze‐Straßepzig 06463, 12.373055 Michael Scholz bund‐leipzig.de 306 5395
d‐themen_und_projekte/ing/vagabund/
SBAHN CONNEWITZ e.Vrno‐Nitzsche‐Straße 41nnewitz 04277 105801, 12.3917024 ünter Kabisch abisch@gmx.de
NADENGÄRTEN GRÜNlte Salzstraße (in front röbel‐Schule) pzig 26054, 12.325778 ‐ 9 11 23 11 nnadengarten.de
ERLAND LAUSEN e. V. schochersche Allee 76 59785, 12.2743513 bastian Petrick
ews didn`t take place
FT
tml
Solidarisch F
TZ lte
e
8810 Ernte mich a
RTEN
e 36,
/urb
V. 1
VAGaBUND a
AU of
Kolonnadeng
e due to non availab
eldwirtschaft and Leipz
nd Naturefreunde e.V.
and Reichsbahn Conne
garten and Sommerlan
bility from the chair
zig Stünz e.V.
witz e.V.
d lausen e.V.
rmen.
Jul
Since 2suburbarea, Brownffenced
Since 1privateland, sogroundcontamplaygrorestaurTafel ga
Since privatfarmingreen
Sincefarmlmuni120 p400 mlake a
Sinc150Subresineigfenrais Sinc3,85privlandpubclosrailrand
Since3250residneigFlow
Since 1971plots, neigborhoodpublic lanfarmland.
ly 7th 2014
2010, 7000m2
ban residential former
field plot, not lot.
1921, 10,13ha e and public oil and dwater mination, 1 ound, 1 rant, 1 lake, 5 arten plots
2013, 3,5ha, te land, ng area, large nhouse
e 1932, former land, cipal land, plots, with m² each , 1 and a canal .
ce 2013, 00m2 , burban idential ghborhood, ced plot, sed beds.
ce 1908, 5ha, 109 plots, ate and public d, Playground, lic water, e to a road, nursery a cemetery.
e 2008, 0m
2, suburban
dential hborhood,
wer garden
1, 17ha, 36 suburban
d, private and d, close to
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
QUESTIONNAIRES:
KLEINGÄRTEN
QUESTIONNAIRE KG 01‐ interview with Mr. Bornamm at the Westendagärten e.V.
QUESTIONNAIRE KG 02‐ interview with Mr. Kabisch at the Reichsbahn e.V.
QUESTIONNAIRE KG 03‐ Interview with Mr. Fischer at Naturefreunde e. V.
GEMEINSCHAFTSGÄRTEN
QUESTIONNAIRE CG 01‐interview with Mr. Philipp Scharf at Annalinde
QUESTIONNAIRE CG 02‐ interview with Mr. Michael Scholz at VAGaBUND
QUESTIONNAIRE CG 03‐ interview to Mr. Richard Hagedorn at Ernte mich
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
Questionnaire template
Kleingärten in Leipzig: characteristics
Bachelor Arbeit in Geographie
Victoria Lehmann, Bachelor‐Studentin der Geographie, Universität Leipzig (lehmann.victoria@gmx.de)
COST Action TU1201: Urban Allotment gardens in Europe (www.urbanallotments.eu)
Arch. Ines Cabral, Fellow der COST Action und Post‐doc‐Forscherin am iDiv (minescabral@gmail.com)
Prof. Dr. Ulrike Weiland, Institut für Geographie, Universität Leipzig
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
1. Interviewers and interviewees
Interviewer
Interviewees
Position of the interviewee
O1‐Member of the organization O2 Gardener O3‐ Other
2. Which reasons do you have for gardening or which are your goals? (specify in free text!)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Have you been inspired by something or someone to establish the garden initiative or to
participate?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The garden
All Name:
Nearby 1 Name:
Nearby 2 Name:
Size of the total area of the garden [sqm]?
(1) (8) (15)
Average. Size of the individual plots [sqm]?
(2) (9) (16
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
Age of garden [years]? (3) (10) (17)
Average. Distance to the gardners residence? [km]
(4) (11) (18)
Previous use (s)? Are there still remains (for example, bombing , ruins)? [Free text]
(5) (12) (19)
Are these known contaminated sites? If so, what kind? How do you deal with it?
O6 yes O7 no O13 ja 014 no O20 ja 021 no
5. Assessing the importance of various activities in the garden and their actual duration:
Activities in garden a) b) c) Meet with others d) e) gardening f) g) h)
Leisure, recreation, barbecue etc.
Playing with the kids
Neighbors from KG
Friends and others
Flowers and bushes
Fruit or vegetables
Organization , marketing etc. (secretaria)
Other (please specify)
Average or duration/ weeks during gardening season [h]
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Rate 1 ‐ 5, the importance of your activities
(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
1 = very important, 2 = quite important, 3 = important, 4 = not important, 5 = not applicable
6. What kind of bed is used in the plot?
Soil bed O1
Portable containers (bags, planters, etc) O2 if yes, why? __________________
Raised bed O3 if yes, why? __________________
Others O4, please name:_________________
7. Which plants do you cultivate? (if known, name it)
Vegetables (1)
Spices or herbs (2)
Flowers, ornamental plants (3)
Fruit bushes (4)
Fruit trees (5)
8. Do you know biological processes? If yes, which? O1 No O2, yes , name it___________
9. fertilization and Pest control
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
No O
Use biological Fertilizer? O1
Use conventional Fertilizer ? O2
Use of biological pest control methods O3
Use of conventional pest control O4
Unspecified/ No idea O5 10. If not biologically, how often you use fertilizers and pesticides in?
Fertilizer: O1 once O2 twice O3 three times O4 more than 3times O5 no idea
Pesticides: O1 once O2 twice O3 3 times O4 more than 3 times O5 no idea
11. Which Pesticides and Fertilizers do you use?
Fertilizer…………………………… Pesticide…………………………………
12. Is thre soil quality control in your plot? If yes, who does it and how often?
O1 No O2 yes, please
specify………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13 Do you know the "ecosystem services " concept? If so, what does it mean?
O1 No O2 yes, specify ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. How do you handle the garden products?
For personal use at home
For common food in the garden
to sale:
Donation processing:
O1 ..................% O2 ........% O3.......% friends O4.......% for Market O5 .......% .................?
O6 ..........% To friends O7 .........% others ..........................?
O8.......% freeze 09 % dry O10.....% jelly, jam O11.....% others .....?
15. Which area proportions, the various garden uses of the total area of the garden? [%]
Fruits vegetables flowers Lawn, meadow
Trees Animals Infrastructure (everything: arbor, paths, barbecue, etc.)
Other
(please specify)total
areas
[%] (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
16. Which infrastructure are there in the garden, and how is it developed? (except supply and
disposal, see below)
(please designate yes / No or name another )
Which? Why?
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
paths Garden shed, gazebo Compost heap Other infrastructure (please specify)
O1 available O3 available O5 available O7......................................
17. What supply and disposal infrastructure has the garden? (please tick or name another)
power supply heating Water supply Sewage disposal Toilet Transport link
O1 No O2 power connector, O3 diesel Generator, O4 solar system, O5 Other:......
O6 No O7 for the shelter O8 for the greenhouse O9 other:...........
O10 No O11 Neighbor O12 fountain O13 rainwater O14 Drinking water line O15 Other:.....
O16 No O17 Infiltration O18 small wastewater treatment O19 rhizosphere
Plant O20 Connection to sewer system O21 Other:....
O22 None O23 Compost toilet O24 Water O25: Other: library
O26 to public transport (train, tram, bus) O27 Bike O28 On foot O29 Car O30 Other:......
18. From which sources do you get water for irrigation? Please give percentage for each source. 19. What is the legal status of the garden? (please tick or specify) City
parish private mixed
O1 O2 O3 O4
20. What expenses and income do you have in [€]?
Expenses revenue lease Construction
material, Garden tools
seed, Planting good
Staff costs
others sale Donation (private)
Public funding from:: a)................ b)................ c).................
Other (please specify)
[Euro]
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
a) ............ (8) b) ............ (9) c) ............ (10)
(11)
21. How do you organize your garden and cooperation?
How is their formal organizational structure (club?)
O1 None O2 neighborhood O3 other…………
What organizational structures or ´bodies' are there?
O4 None O5 Association O6 other ………...
Who makes decisions?
O7 Administrator 08 Association 09 all O10 others ….
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
How are decisions made (vote, by consensus, other)?
O11 Unanimous O12 vote O13 others………..
22. Which professions, training or employment have the gardeners and visitors?
Job etc. age Numbers + Information on garden teachers
age Numbers + Information on visitors
Student, if yes: specialization (s)?
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Gardener (with qualification)
(5) (6) (7) (8)
Otherwise. Training occupation; If so, which (r)?
(9) (10) (11) (12)
Dipl.‐Ing. Horticulture, landscape design, etc.
(13) (14) (15) (16)
Other degree, if so, what (s)
(17) (18) (19) (20)
At present, on parental leave/ maternity leave
(21) (22) (23) (24)
Recipients of Unemployment Benefit I or II
(25) (26) (27) (28)
Other (please specify)
(29) (30) (31) (32)
23. On which occasions visitors come to you, where do they come from, and how old are they?
opportunity number
Where are from? age?
During a normal garden week
O1 from the neighborhood / district O2 from all Leipzig O3 from outside
Workshop / courses, which:
…………………………………………….
O4 from the neighborhood O5 from all Leipzig O6 from outside
During festival, which:
…………………………………………
O7 from the neighborhood O8 from all Leipzig
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
O9 from outside
24. Are you / Is your garden club linked with other initiatives or associations? What is
networking?
Specify up to three of the most important for you garden clubs or initiatives!
In Leipzig Networking with initiatives in other cities
With which initiative?
What kind of initiative?
With which initiative?
in which city?
What kind of initiative?
O1 visit (at celebrations) O2 consulting O3 School visit O4 Network Meeting O5 Exchange O6 others: ......................
O7 visit (at celebrations) O8 consulting O9 School visit O10 Network Meeting O11 Exchange O12 others:…………………
O13 visit (at elebrations) O14 consulting O15 school visit O16 Network Meeting O17 Exchange O18 others:…………….……
O19 visit (at celebrations)O20 consulting O21 school visit O22 Network Meeting O23 Tauschbörse O24 others………..………
O25 visit (at celebrations) O26 consulting O27 school visit O28 Network Meeting O29 Exchange O30 others:……….…………
O32 visit (at celebrations)O32 consulting O33 school visit O34 Network Meeting O35 Exchange O36 others:………………..
25. In your opinion do the residents appreciate your Kleingartenverein?
26. Reference to the Leipzig food bank
Do you know the Leipzig food bank? O1 yes O2 No
Do you donate vegetables and fruit for the Leipzig food bank?
O3 yes O4 No
If so, how many and how much [kg]?
Vegetables: Fruit:
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
Do you produce vegetable and fruit for yourself or to help socially disadvantaged people?
O5 For ourselves O6 for others / name of the producer
If you do not colaborate with the Leipzig food panel: would you be interested in growing vegetables and fruits for donation to the Leipzig food bank?
O7 yes O8 No
27. For how long have you cultivated the garden? _______
28. Do you get updated with the other gardeners?
(Information, training events, garden expert advice,…)
O1 No O2 yes , Specificy the topic ____________________________________________
29. Would you say that your priorities within the garden in recent years have changed?
If for example the recreation and leisure value or ecological awareness has become more
important?
(If no, go to question 26) O1 No O2 yes
30. To what extent and for what reason your priorities have changed?
31. If you know the political discourse on biodiversity / biodiversity known?
O1 No O2 yes
32. Are you aware of how to manage your garden in order to contribute to the conservation of
biological Diversity? If so, which measures do you know?
O1 No O2 yes, these: ……………………..
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
33. To what extent do the following statements apply to you?
(1 = fully applicable to, 2 = true in part, 3 = does not apply anymore, 4 = not at all true)
a) My garden is always maintained look, has no place for weeds and other wild plants.
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 don´t know
b) To me it is important that I cultivate mainly indigenous plants in my garden.
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 don´t know
c) I am interested in endangered crops and ornamental plants and Cultivate my garden with
affection
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 don´t know
d) I work in my spare time with topics relating to nature conservation and environmental
protection, because I always want to be up to date
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 don´t know
34. Finally, a few questions about yourself.29. Which age group would you assign to?
O1 until 39 O2 40‐59 O3 60 and older
35. Which is your highest education degree?
O1 without secondary
O2 High school (completed primary school)
O3 Secondary school (high school)
O4 Polytechnic High School of the GDR
with the completion of the 8th or 9th grade
O5 Polytechnic High School of the GDR with the completion of
the 10th grade
O6 Technical college, completion of a vocational high school
O7 General or technical university / high school
Maria Inês Cabral
July 7th 2014
36. What professional training qualifications do you have?
O1 even in vocational training (vocational training year, trainees / r, Intern / Police /‐in)
O2 no professional degree and no vocational training completed
O3 Completed company vocational training (apprenticeship)
O4 Completed school education
O5 completed training at a specialized school of the GDR
O6 at a specialized, master, technical school, vocational or technical academy
O7 Bachelor's degree (college or university)
O8 Diplom, Magister or Master's degree (college or university)
O9 promotion
O10 another professional degree, namely:
37. What employment situation applies to you and what profession you come by?
O1 Part‐time as __________________________
O2 Full‐time as __________________________
38. Please rank the amount of your net income of the following groups to.
O1 under 1000€ O2 between 1000 and 2000€ O3 2000€ or more
Vielen Dank für Ihre/Deine Aufmerksamkeit und Ihre /Deine Zeit!
Der Fragebogen wird im Rahmen der COST Action: Urban allotments in Europa
(www.urbanallotments.eu) und der Bachelorarbeit von Frau Lehmann ausgewertet.
Bei Fragen können Sie sich gerne an Victoria Lehmann (lehmann.victoria@gmx.de) oder Ines
Cabral (minescabral@gmail.com) wenden.
No because:
O3 In parental leave
O4 student
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