management of usafs: interventions models and formats
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Management of Universal Access Funds for Telecommunications Regulatory Board of Cameroon
Module 7: Intervention models and formats
7 – 9 February 2011
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Non Financial Interventions by USAF
• Demand Aggregator– Even in unserved localities there is an unmet demand– Particularly the public sector need connectivity and can
afford market rates – If this demand is aggregated, an operator may find it
commercially viable to connect the locality
• Power Aggregator– Lack of power is a key impediment to network
rollout– Power is required by many others; hospitals, schools
etc– If the requirements are aggregated, a common
power facility can be built from which the network operator can draw power
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Access Gap Model
• The resources of USAFs are limited but the needs are enormous
• Effectiveness of a USAF will depend on how well it utilises its resources to address these needs
• For that it is imperative to focus the intervention strategies of the USAF on areas/services that provide the greatest benefit to the largest number of people
• Access Gap analysis provides an analytical framework to develop intervention strategies that has the highest impact
• The Model will help identify not only the geographical areas that need support but the types of services
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Access Gap Model
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Frontier
Low-c
ost are
as
Hig
h-co
st are
as
- -
UniversalService
Market Gap
High income households Low income households
Universal Access
Affordability Frontier (3d)
Market Efficiency Frontier (3s)
Sustainability Frontier (4s)
Access Gap
Current Penetration(1)
Demand
Supply
Existin
g le
vel o
f acce
ss(2
d)
Susta
inability F
rontie
r (4d)
100% of Communities100%
of P
opula
tion
Existing level of access(2s)
Frontier
Low-c
ost are
as
Hig
h-co
st are
as
- -
UniversalService
Market Gap
High income households Low income households
Universal Access
Affordability Frontier (3d)
Market Efficiency Frontier (3s)
Sustainability Frontier (4s)
Access Gap
Current Penetration(1)
Demand
Supply
Existin
g le
vel o
f acce
ss(2
d)
Susta
inability F
rontie
r (4d)
100% of Communities100%
of P
opula
tion
Existing level of access(2s)
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Access Gap Model
• Market Gap - where market conditions should be able to provide service on a cost-effective, commercially profitable basis
• Access Gap - areas where access cannot be provided entirely by market forces
• Market Efficiency Frontier - the theoretical boundary where commercial viability reaches its limit
• Sustainability Frontier – boundary between areas where services can become sustainable after some initial one-time subsidy, and those where supply and demand conditions cannot, at present, yield sustainable service without ongoing subsidies.
• The best start is the identification of existing “gaps” in rural ICT access, usage, applications, and ultimately, benefits for citizens
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Process of Access Gap Study
1 Data Collection: collect geographic and demographic data which define the structure of the country and its ICT markets;•Distribution of population centres by population and geographic size (sq. km);•Estimate of current degree (%) of availability of and usage of different networks/services within each geographic/population group: Fixed; Mobile; public access; internet etc •Indicators of demand potential for services, including public awareness, interest, and capacity to utilize these services;•Status of other basic infrastructure: roads, electricity, etc.;•Other market and economic factors, such as household income, employment, education, etc.
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Process of Access Gap Study
2 Model Development: •A spreadsheet model to simulate and estimate the economic characteristics of the various ICT market segments•Broken down by geographic districts and population centers•Resulting in identifying market and access gaps for each major category of ICT service, by region•Calculate the approximate net subsidy cost to close the identified gaps
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Process of Access Gap Study
3 Analysis of Market Conditions and Access Gaps: Using the model and data, the USAF conduct an in-depth analysis of the various ICT market segments in the country and find out•How effectively has the market penetrated and what are the opportunities for growth•Where, and how large, are the current gaps for services•To what extent are these gaps within the market efficiency frontier (market gap), and what factors are preventing commercial delivery of services in these locations?•Where are the true Access Gaps•How much subsidy is required to close the Gaps•To what degree can services become sustainable
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Access Gap Model – the CTO Approach
• Currently the CTO is carrying out an Access Gap study in Sierra Leone for the National Communications Commission
• CTO’s approach is to conduct the study on a Competency Transfer Basis by training the local staff to handle the model themselves
• It allows the USAF to update the model by themselves • Over a period of time the USAF will develop a competency
to keep the Access Gap analysis relevant to fast changing market conditions and to adopt strategies accordingly
• Thus assuring the effectiveness of the Universal Service/Access framework
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Access Gap Model – the CTO Approach
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Phase CTO Member/USAF
Data Collection
Support roleDevelop the data collection methodology Monitor progress and provide advice
Lead roleUse local personnel to collect primary data
Model Development
Lead roleCustomise the generic model to suit the specific country
Support roleProvide country-specific information for customisation
Analysis & Identification of Access Gap
Joint lead Operate the model to identify Gaps
Joint lead Feed the data in to the model
Training Lead role Train local staff to operate the model in future
Support roleProvide competent staff to be trained
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Interventions Methodologies
RCDF
Allocation Smart subsidies /Reverse Auction
Identification of localities
Where service provision is unlikely to be provided by operators within the next 1-2 years without subsidies
Types of projects financed
- Telephony- Telecentres- Internet PoPs- Internet exchange points- Internet cafes- Public payphones-Content development-School Internet Access
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
USPF
Allocation Reverse Auction
Competitive Bidding Process
Top-Down Process for some project initiations
Bottom-Up Process for some project initiations
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Interventions Methodologies
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
GIFEC
Allocation Competitive Bidding Process
Some Projects are Open Tender
Public-Private-Partnerships used
Requires Minimum Number of Bidders
Supports Initial Capital Investments and Start-Up Costs
Subject To Long-Term Sustainability Assessment
Types of projects financed -Rural Telecentres -Public Telephony-Internet PoP
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Interventions Methodologies
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
RCDF Areas of Focus
RCDF projects have been implemented in all districts of Uganda under
the following program areas:
• Internet Points of Presence (POP)• Public payphones• Research projects• Postal support projects• Multipurpose Community Tele-center (MCTs)• Schools ICT facilities• Health Care ICT facilities• Portals • Local governance enhancement projects • GSM Network Expansion projects
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
ICT Training centers and Internet cafes
Pastoral Media ICT and Internet Café in Amuria district
• Separate @RCDF but present as combined on the ground
• Offer standard services(common packages training, internet/min,)
• Total number = 229
• In all viable small towns of Uganda
• Multiplier factor = 5 in 3 years
• Power + Internet reliability a critical factor
• Business acumen of implementers also a CSF
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Internet PoPs
MTN mast at Tororo town, Tororo district
• At all district towns except Kampala and Mukono (78)
• 400/100kbps
• CDMA/WiMax overlays on GSM networks
• Small number of optimal users
• Quality of Service often not satisfactory
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
District web portals
The Mityana district web portal home page
• For all districts except Kampala and Masaka
• Includes a national web portal
• Format = districtname.go.ug
• Handed over to districts
• Some districts not fully appreciating the value of the portals
• Perceived too technical for some districts
• Include a translated version
• Districts like Lira & Rukungiri have even redesigned theirs
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Public Pay Phones
A Standard public pay phone at Oyarotonge, Pader district
• Two main types• 1- Standard type (Call only)
– Solar powered/grid powered– Card/Coin based
• 2- CICs ( Call and Receive)– Included n/w expansion to 154
underserved sub counties, with 60 sites– Solar powered/grid powered– Card/Coin based– Call termination support facilities(Bicycle,
notice board, etc)– Battery charging services– Etc included
A CIC in Kisozi, Kamwenge district
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Research
Research done so far
Demand driven
Provides guidance for rural ICT implementation
Results available to all
• A Profile of Uganda's Internet and ICT Usage
• Rural Socio Economic Networks and Mobile Cellular Telephones
• Electronic Library Study• Baseline Survey on Postal
Services in Uganda• Study on the Socio-Impact of
the ICT in Uganda/of RCDF Projects
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Multi-Purpose Communities Tele-centres
Alliance High School MCT in Soroti district
• Modified from the standard format (Nakaseke type)
• Not a popular model
• Has sustainability issues
• Suited for the very remote places (Bottom up roll out)
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
School ICT Laboratories
ICT Lab architectural designs• Scope= Govt S.S. = 1,000, Pvt =
4,000; Pri sch = 12,000
• Baseline = 1% covered
RCDF
• 206 ICT lab covered
• Govt Sec sch a priority
• Two models used– 1Solar powered (10 computers)
– Standard grid powered (40 w/stations)
• High risk of burglary
• Schools have fully embraced
• Still a politically sensitive project
Standard ICT Lab
Solar powered ICT Lab
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Sample School ICT Laboratories
Bubulo Girls ICT lab in Manafwa district
Pilikington College, Kamuli district
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Health Facilities ICT Projects
• E-health = HMIS + Telemedicine
• (HMIS = MoH + DMO)
• (Telemedicine = Hospitals+ referrals)
• Solar powered
• Three phased approach
• Isingiro district pilot for full scale Telemedicine
• Main constraint = broad band and medical staff
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
BPO - Call Centres
Architectural arrangementOne pilot call centreplanned
• 50 Agents• 200 Seats
Designed around 4servers
• Communication Server• ERP Application Server• Data Base Server• Gateway Server
Email Server
Quality & Productivity Checkers
Power
Dedicated Backup
UPS
* suitable interface devices depending upon the services
Internet Leased Line 128Kbps
DRS
Firewall
Data Centre
IT Infra-structure
PABX *
Phone Equipments *
CT Infra-structure
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Content Development - Emerging
Determination of acceleration due to gravity ,g, using a spring employing virtual tools
A focus for RCDF Policy II
Areas of focus:
• Science school virtual laboratories
• School resource sharing• Agricultural content• Medical/medicinal content
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
USAASA Mandate
• For South Africans:– A need exists to ensure equality in access to the ICT
services by all people in SA including the Internet for education and sustainable livelihood purposes
– A Sustainable rural upliftment relies on the infrastructure underpinning any business – ICT is a key success factor
• For Government:– Must show tangible or radically restructure the service
delivery infrastructure– Economic growth and socio-economic development
including educational goals will be highly dependent on ICT infrastructure across the country
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
USAASA Interventions and Areas of Focus
Community Access Centres• Over 12500 community members connected through the Thusong Service Centre
Programme,• Through the Thusong Service Centre Programme – 8 new centres deployed• Handover of access centre strategy completed• Assessment of 31 business plans on ownership currently being finalised
Cyberlabs• A total of 68 schools were connected - 2720 computers and related equipment supplied
giving access to over 40 000 learners and 700 educators • A total of 33 schools were rehabilitated (this include installation of new ICT infrastructure
such as computers, photocopiers, internet, etc)• Payment of subsidy to Mindset Network to rollout equipment and training in 15 schools
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Further Education and Training Colleges• 18 FET Colleges subsidised at R150 000 (internet
connectivity) for a total of R2,5m• Monitoring and Evaluation of the project as part of
assessing future subsidy is continuing.
Training• 100 Access Centre personnel trained on business
management, entrepreneurship and advanced technical computer skills
• 50 Access Centre personnel trained to assist in the accreditation of access centres as recognised by ISETT SETA
USAASA Interventions and Areas of Focus
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
Universal Service Obligations
• 50% E-rate subsidy payments to 344 for internet connectivity to schools were made
• Reviewed the current licence obligations conducted in collaboration with the Department of Communications , ICASA and the MDDA.
Under Serviced Area Licences
• Subsided under –serviced area licences.
USAASA Interventions and Areas of Focus
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
GIFEC Mandate, Interventions and Areas of Focus
• GIFEC is to provide financial resources for the establishment of universal service and access for all communities
• And to facilitate the provision of basic telephony, internet service, multimedia service broadband and broadcasting to these communities
04/08/23
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GIFEC is implementing the following projects under the UAECP
• Common telecommunications facility project.• Community information centers project• The last mile initiative project• The schools connectivity project• Rural payphone project• Easy business centres
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
GIFEC Interventions and Areas of Focus
PROJECT PLAN FOR 2010 PLAN FOR 2012
CTF 20 90
LMI 5 12
SCP 80 200
LIBRARY PROJECT 20 83
POST OFFICE CON 20 80
EASY BUSINESS 40 100
RURAL PAY PHONES
ICT INCLUSIVENESS
2,500
5000 PERSONS TRAINED IN BASIC ICT SKILLS
15,000
15,000 PERSONS TRAINED
04/08/23
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
USPF Mandate, Interventions and Areas of Focus
• USPF was formed under the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) by telecom Act 2003 to facilitate rapid achievement of national policy goals for universal access, coverage and service to telecommunications information and communications technologies (ICTs). The agency began operations in 2006.
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
USFP Interventions and Areas of Focus
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation
USFP Interventions and Areas of Focus
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© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation 35
USFP Interventions and Areas of Focus
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation 36
© Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation 37
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