macedonia - history and politics (society for macedonian studies)
Post on 03-Apr-2018
239 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
1/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhichhad neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderableproportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsof Macedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20July)in1903therewasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.ThisrisingledalsotothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munit iesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo .Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStruggle",whichhad begunin1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupof volunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem"Grekomans",that is ,fanatica lG reeks .WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresented variedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
2/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
3/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhichhad neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderableproportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsof Macedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20July)in1903therewasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.ThisrisingledalsotothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munit iesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo .Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStruggle",whichhad begunin1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupof volunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem"Grekomans",that is ,fanatica lG reeks .WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresented variedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
4/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhichhad neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderableproportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsof Macedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20July)in1903therewasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.ThisrisingledalsotothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munit iesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo .Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStruggle",whichhad begunin1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupof volunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem"Grekomans",that is ,fanatica lG reeks .WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresented variedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
5/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrat iveareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhich had neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetween theKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderableproportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsof Macedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20 July)in1903there wasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.ThisrisingledalsotothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munitiesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo .Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStruggle",whichhad begun in1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod,unitsmadeupofvolunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem "Grekomans",that is,fanaticalG reeks .WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresentedvariedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
6/56
Below :theMacedonianstateattheheightofitsglory .4thc .B.C .Right:AmapofmodernGreece
i
EnidEPfD
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
7/56
.sAnSh ft '/KOUtOTHNV\3nrKO\xmsi >
fT'n fMA K2AON f Asa tgxe-MACEDONIA/)/\ iV,
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
8/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
9/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhichhad neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderableproportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsof Macedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20July)in1903therewasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.ThisrisingledalsotothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munit iesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo .Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStruggle",whichhad begunin1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupof volunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem"Grekomans",that is ,fanatica lG reeks .WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresented variedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
10/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhich had neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderable proportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsofMacedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20 July)in1903there wasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.Thisrisingledalso tothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munitiesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo.Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStrugg le",whichhad begun in1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupofvolunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas ,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseled theBulgarianstocallthem "Grekomans",that is ,fanaticalG reeks.WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresentedvariedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
11/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhichhad neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderableproportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsof Macedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20July)in1903therewasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.ThisrisingledalsotothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munit iesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo .Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStruggle",whichhad begunin1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupof volunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem"Grekomans",that is ,fanatica lG reeks .WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresented variedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
12/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhich had neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderable proportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsofMacedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20 July)in1903there wasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.Thisrisingledalso tothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munitiesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo.Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStrugg le",whichhad begun in1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupof volunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas ,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem "Grekomans",that is,fanaticalG reeks.WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresentedvariedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
13/56
Oneofthetombstonesfromthe"GreatMound"("GreatToumba").
Inthe14thcentury,theSerbianempireofStefanDushanspreadintoMacedonia .However ,thisshort-livedempire ,whichprecededtheOtto-manconquestoftheBalkans ,hadnoeffectiveimpacton theethnologicalnatureofM acedonia ,asexplainedbyProfessorA .VacalopoulosinhisHistoryofMacedonia .SerbianruleleftinitspassageafewmoreSlavenclaves,whichreinforcedthestrataofSlavpopulationalreadythere.Moreimportantly,however,Serbianruleleftbehindittalesof agreat ,thoughtransient ,empire .Itshouldbenotedthatthesem istyrecollectionsofagloriouspastplayedtheirpartinincitingthenationalawakening of theSerbsinthe19th
centurytoputforwardclaimsonMacedonia .Asimilarprocessoccurred11
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
14/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhichhad neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderableproportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsof Macedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20July)in1903therewasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.ThisrisingledalsotothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munit iesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo .Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStruggle",whichhad begunin1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupof volunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem"Grekomans",that is ,fanatica lG reeks .WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresented variedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
15/56
Thelargegoldsarcophagusfoundinthemainchamberof"Philip ,stomb".inthecitiesofthosecountr ies,foundingtownsand villagesorinjectingnewbloodintoveryancientnucleiofpopulation.TheSouthSlavsand,aboveall ,theBulgars,movedsouthinsearchofwork ,revitalisingtheremnantsof theoldSlavcoloniesof theM iddleAgesinsomepartsof Macedoniaorformingnewsettlementsoftheirown".
Inthisway,theSlavelementgainedinstrengthwhiletheSlavic-Bulgarianlanguagega inedgroundinthenorthernzone(whattodayisformerYugoslavMacedonia)andinthecentralarea.Afterthe18thcen-tury ,however ,theGreekelementflourishedinamultitudeofwaysintheeconomic,socialandeducationalsectors ,thusleadingtothecompletedominationoftheareabyGreekintellectualandculturalinfluences.WiththesupportandguidanceoftheGreekclergy ,theChristianmassesofMacedoniaacquired aconsciousness of theirGreekidentity.Itischaracter-isticthatnumerousSlavic-speakingChristianssent theirchildrentoGreekschools ,foughtagainsttheOttomanEmpireduringtheGreekWarofIndependenceof1821-28andlatertookpart ,throughout the19thcentury ,inalltheGreek risingsinMacedonia,fightingfortheunificationof Mace-don iaw iththefreeGreekState.
13
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
16/56
It isworthnotingthatduringtheOttomanperiodtherewasnoadm inistrativeareacalled"Macedonia".Foreigntravellersanddiplomatsdidtendtorefertosomesanjaks(Turkishadministrativedivisions)asMacedonian;buttheseincludedareaswhichhad neverbeenpart of histori-calMacedonia,suchasKjustendilandSkopje .
Greco-Slavicrivalryover MacedoniaAfterthefoundation,in1870,ofanindependentBulgarianchurch
knownastheExarchate ,openrivalrybrokeoutbetweenGreeceandBul-gariaoverwhichofthetwowastodominateMacedonia.Inreality ,thisrivalryfocusedonthequestionofthenationalconsciousnessamongtheSlavic-speakingmassesinhabitingthecentralzoneofMacedonia.Accord-ingtoconsularreportsofthetime ,thiszonelaybetweentheKastoria-Ptolemai,da-Yannitsa-Zichni-Serreslinein thesouthand theOhrid-Prilep-Strumitsa-Melnik-Nevrokoplineinthenorth.AftertheGreco-Turkishwarof1897,whichprovedadisasterfor
Greece ,theBulgariansmanagedtowinoveraconsiderableproportionoftheSlavic-speakinginhabitantsof Macedonia.Thusitcameabout thatonthefeastof theProphetElijah(20July)in1903therewasaBulgarianrising,knownastheIlindenrising,whichtheTurkisharmysoonbloodilysup-pressed.ThisrisingledalsotothedestructionofnumerousGreekcom-munit iesandtownsinWesternand NorthernMacedonia,includingthatofKrushevo .Therising,however ,madeplainthedangerthatMacedoniamightbelostforever ,whichstimulated ageneralmobilisationonthepartof theGreeks .Soitcameabout ,in1904,thatthearmed"M acedonianStruggle",whichhad begunin1870,now intensifiedanddidnotenduntil1908.Duringthisperiod ,unitsmadeupof volunteersfromthefreeGreekstate ,fromCreteandfromotherasyetunredeemedareaspouredintoMacedoniainsolidaritywiththelocalGreekMacedonianfighters .Togethertheymanagedtocheckthespreadof BulgarianinfiltrationandtomaintainthepredominantlyGreekcharacterofthecentralandsouthernpartsofMacedonia.ItshouldnotbeoverlookedthatinmanyareasthevolunteerunitsweremadeupprincipallyofSlavic-andVlach-speakingguerrillas,fightingonthesideoftheGreekcause .TheirdevotiontotheGreekna-tionalcauseledtheBulgarianstocallthem"Grekomans",that is ,fanatica lG reeks .WhentheGreco-Bulgarianrivalrywasatitsheight ,varioussetsof
statisticsclaimingtoshowtheethnologicalcompositionofMacedoniawerepublished .Thenumericaldatapresented variedwildly,since thesta-
14
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
17/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
18/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
19/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
20/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
21/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
22/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
23/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
24/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
25/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
26/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
27/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
28/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
29/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
30/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
31/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
32/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
33/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
34/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
35/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
36/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
37/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
38/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
39/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
40/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
41/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
42/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
43/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
44/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
45/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
46/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
47/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
48/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
49/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
50/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
51/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
52/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
53/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
54/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
55/56
-
7/28/2019 Macedonia - History and Politics (Society for Macedonian Studies)
56/56
top related