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Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Introduction to Word Parts
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Lesson 1.1
1-2
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ObjectivesObjectives
Describe four origins of medical terms. Identify and define the four word parts and
combining forms. Analyze and define medical terms. Build medical terms for given definitions.
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Understand the Content of Chapter 1 Before Moving on to Chapter 2Understand the Content of Chapter 1 Before Moving on to Chapter 2
Chapter 1 is the most important chapter in the text because it is here that you are introduced to word parts—word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining vowels—and the rules for combining them to build medical terms.
You will use this information in each of the subsequent chapters to analyze, build, define, and spell terms built from word parts.
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Medicine Has a Language of Its OwnMedicine Has a Language of Its Own
Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, eponyms, acronyms, and terms from modern language
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Origins of Medical LanguageOrigins of Medical Language
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Clicker QuestionClicker Question
The medical term SARS (severe acute
respiratory syndrome) is an example of a(an)
a) term built from word parts
b) acronym
c) eponym
d) term taken from modern language
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Four Word PartsFour Word Parts
1. Word Root: fundamental meaning of a medical term – the core of the word
2. Prefix: attached to beginning of a medical term to modify its meaning
3. Suffix: attached to end of a medical term to modify its meaning
4. Combining Vowel: used to ease pronunciation – usually an “o”
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Table 1.1 Guidelines for Using Combining VowelsTable 1.1 Guidelines for Using Combining Vowels
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ExamplesExamples
Word Roots: arthr: joint
ven: vein
Prefixes: intra-: within
Suffixes: -itis: inflammation
-ous: pertaining to
Combining vowel: o
hepat: liver
oste: bone
sub-: under
-ic: pertaining to
-pathy: disease
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Clicker QuestionClicker Question
The word part that is the
core of the word is a
a) combining vowel
b) suffix
c) word root
d) prefix
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Combining FormCombining Form
Word Root + Combining Vowel
Examples: arthr/o
hepat/o
ven/o
oste/o
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Table 1.2 Word Parts and Combining FormTable 1.2 Word Parts and Combining Form
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Some Basic RulesSome Basic Rules
All medical terms have at least one word root Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix, or
combining vowel Combining vowels are used to connect word
roots or word root and suffix When a suffix begins with a vowel, the
combining vowel is usually not used
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Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)
When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the junction
Example: oste/o/arthr/itis Usually medical terms are defined by starting
at the end of the term and going back to the beginning
Example: oste/o/arthr/itis–inflammation
of the bone and joints
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Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)
A few terms are more easily and accurately defined by starting at the beginning of the term.
Example: melan/oma
melan = black
-oma = tumor
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Clicker QuestionClicker Question
If vowels are present at the junction of two word
roots (such as oste and arthr) in a medical term,
a combining vowel is usually
a) still used
b) not used
c) used twice
d) the letter i
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Table 1.3 Techniques To Learn Medical Terms Built From Words PartsTable 1.3 Techniques To Learn Medical Terms Built From Words Parts
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Word Parts for PracticeWord Parts for Practice
Word Roots:
(Comb. Forms)
arthr/o: joint
hepat/o: liver
ven/o: vein
osteo: bone
Combining Vowel:
o
Prefixes:
intra-: within
sub-: under
Suffixes: -itis: inflammation -ic: pertaining to -ous: pertaining -pathy: disease
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Analyze and DefineAnalyze and Define
arthritis intravenous osteitis osteoarthritis subhepatic osteopathy arthropathy hepatitis
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Building Medical TermsBuilding Medical Terms
inflammation of a joint pertaining to within a vein inflammation of the bone inflammation of the bone and joint pertaining to under the liver disease of the bone disease of the joint inflammation of the liver
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1. Normal knee joint. 2. Knee joint showing bone / cv / joint / inflammation.
1. 2.
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Clicker QuestionClicker Question
WR CV S S
arthr/o/path/y CF
WR CV S
arthr/o/pathy CF
P CV S
arthr/o/pathy CF
Which of the following is analyzed correctly?
a) b)
c)
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