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TITUS LIVIUS.
PREFACE.
Factuhdsne aim pretium oper», si perscripaerinr
Whether I shall do what is worth the trouble, if I trace
res Komani populi a primordio urbis,
he history of the Roman people from the foundation of the eity
nec satis scio, nee, si sciam, aosim dioere ;
I am neither quite rare, nor, if I were, would I renture to Bay,
qiiippe qui videara esse rem cum veterem
inasmuob at I am aware that the matter ia both old
turn vulgatam, dum novi scriptores semper creduni
and oommon-place, whilst later authors , always suppose
se allaturos aliquid certius in rebus, aut
that they will bnjg out something more accurate in the facts, or
superaturos rude*n vetustatem arte scribendi.
that they will excel the unpolished anoients in tkeir style of writing.
Utcumque erit, juvabit tamen, et ipsum
llowerer that may be, it will be a pleasure notwithstanding, myself alse
consuluisse, pro virili parte, memorise
Is have oontributed, aooording to my ability, towards the perpetuation
rerum gestarum populi priucipis terrarum : etsi in
of the achievements ofapeople the foremost of the world : and if, amidst
tanta turba scriptorum, meafama sit in obscuro,
to great an array of historians, my reputation should remain in obscurity,
consoler me nobilitate ac magnitudine eorunt.
[ ahall eraacle myself with the eelebrity and eminence of those,
R
qui officiant meo nomini. Pnoteres res est el
who stand la the way of my furs. Moreover, the nbjeet is both
immenai opens, ut quse repetatur supra
of immense labor, since it reaches baok more than
aeptingentesimum annum, et quse, profecta ab
*even hundred years, and one which, haying tot oat from
linitiis, creverit eo ut
[ beginnings, has increased to nh an i
jam laboret sua magnitudine; et,
it la aow diatroatoi by in own bulk; and, to the majority
tium hand dubito, quin prim» origines
I doabt not, bat that the first origin
proximaque originibus prsebitura sint
and tie �sett proximate to tkat origin will afford
minus voluptatis, festinantibus ad hax
but little pleasure, hastening on, as tkey m*ll as, to these
nova, quibus vires pnevalentis populi
later times, in which the strength of Mis overgrown people
jampridem ipsse ae conficiunt. Ego contra
has for a long period been exhausting itself. I on the eontrar}
petam hoc quoque premium laboris
shall seck this [also] <u a reward of my labor, namel*
ut avertam me a conspectu malorum, qu»
that I withdraw myself from the oontemplation of the evils, which
nostra tetas vidit per tot annoe, tantisper cert*,
oar age has witnessed for so many years, so long at least
dum repeto tota mente ilia priaca,
as I am going over with my whole attention those ancient timet
expers omnia cura, qu», etsi possit non fleeter*
being free from every care, which, though it oannot warp
animum soribentis a vero, tamen efficere sollicitum.
the mind of the writer from the troth, may yet oause it to be distracted.
Qua> traduntur ante
What traditions have been handed down of events before
urbem oonditam condendamve, decora magis
the oi*e wce bnilt or if building e» designed, being suitable rather
fabulis poeticis quam inoorrnptis monumentia
to the fictions of pcetry than to the authentic
PREFACE.
f
rerum gestarum, ea in animo est, neo affirmare
of history, these it is my purpose, neither to maintain
nec refellere. Hsec venia datur antiquitati,
nor to refute. This indulgence is eoncedei to antiquity,
ut miscendo humana divinis, faciat
that by blending things human with divine, it may make
(irimordia urbium augustiora. Et si cui populo
the origin of eities esrn>> more venerable. And if any people
oportet licere, consecrare suas origines,
might be allowed, to eonseorate their origin,
et referre ad deos auctores, ea est gloria belli
and attribute it to the gods at its authors, such is the renown in was
Romano populo, at, cum ferat Martem
of the Roman people, that, when they represent Mars
potissimum mam parentem sui conditorisque,
in particular at their own parent and that of their founder,
gentes hunianse patiantur et hoc tam sequo animo,
the nations of mankind may take up with this [also] as patiently
quam patiantur imperium. Sed atcumqae
as they submit to their sovereignty. But in whatever way
hsec et his similia animadversa aut
these and such-like matters shall be attended to or
existimata erunt, equidem haud ponam in
judged of, I for my part shall not deem of
magno discrimine.
great importance.
Mihi quisqaeprose acriter intendat
y one should for
In my opinion every one shoufd for himself earnestly apply
animum ad ilia, quse vita, qui mores fuerint;
his mind to thesepoinl*: whut their life, and what their manners were;
per quos viros, quibusque artibus imperium sit et
through what men, and by what measures, the empire was both
partum et auctum deinde, disciplina paulatim
acquired and extended then, at disoipline gradually
labente, sequati� animo mores, primo velut
deolined, let him follow « his thought their morals, at first, as it war*
dissidentes, deinde, ut lapsi sint magis magisque, turn
leaning aside, anon, ***w they sunk mora and more, the>
PREFACJE.
coeperint ire pnecipites, donee perventuin est ad
began to fall preoipitate, until he urnre* at
hsec tempora, quibus possumus pati nec nostra
the present times, in which we oan endure neither our
vitia nec remedia. Hoc ill ud est pnecipue
rices nor their antidotes. This it is whirh in particular!s
aalubre ac frugiferuin in cognitione rermn, te intueri
salutary and profitable in the study of history, th,,t you bchold
ocumenta omnia exempli posita in illustri
illustrations of every kind of oonduet displayed on a oonspicucus
monumento; inde capias tibi
monument; that from thence you may select, for yourself
tuseque reipublicse, quod imitere; inde
and for your oountry, that whioh you may imitate; thence
feed urn inoeptu, feodum
mof u>kat is dishonorable in the undertaking, and dishonorable
exitu, quod vites.
In the result, which you may avoid.
Ceterum aut amor negotii suscepti
But either a predileotion for the task undertaken
fallit me, aut nulla unquam fuit respubliea nec major,
deceives me, or there never was any state either greater,
nec sanctior, nec ditior bonis exemplis; nec civitatem
or more moral, or riober in good examples ; nor a oily.
in quam avaritia luxuriaque immigraverint tam
into Thich avarice and luxury made their entrance so
sera, nec ubi honos paupertati ac parsimonia
late, or where the esteem fur poverty and frugality
fuerit tantus ac tam diu; adeo
was so great and eontinued so long; so that
tmantc minus rerum, tanto minus cupiditatis
the less wealth there woe, the less desire
erat. Nuper divitise invexere avaritiani,
was there. Of late r,ches have introduced a .rreed,ncss lor gain,
et abundantes voluptates desiderium, per
and exoessive pleasures, a longing for them.
luxum atque libidinem pereundi
luxury and a wanton desire for ruioio* Ire*
PREFACE.
7
perdendique omnia. Sed querela
tod destroying everything elt. But let eomplaints, which
futur» ne quidem turn grate, cum forsitan
will not even then be agreeable, when perhapi
necessarise erunt, absint certe ab initio
they will be necessary, be kept away at least from the first â� tags
ordienda3 tante rei. Potius inciperemus, ri
of eommenoing so great a work. Rather would we begin, if
mos esset nobis quoque, ut poetis, libentius
It were custo,uary with us [also], as it in with poets, more cheerfully
cum bonis ominibus votisque et precationibufi
with good omens and vows and prayers
deorum dcaruraque, ut darent prosperoe
to the gods and goddesses, that they would grant
tuooessus oreis tanti opera.
*dooms to o ir endeavors in so ardnous a task.
CONTENTS OF BOOK L
(, II. Arrival of Apneas in Italy, and km sehirsrmmts th*n. tO.
The reign of Aseamus in Alba, and of the other Sylvian kings. IT. At
daughter of Numitor, enceinte by Mare,gives birth to Mmmkm and
Remus. T. Amulius killed. VI. City built by Romulus. Till. Smal*
f*rmed. X. The grand foils offered to Jupiter Feretrhu. XI. War with
the Sernum. XIII. The people divided into curise. XIV, XV. The fh
denotes and Veientee vanquished. XT I. Homulue deified. XV TT1. etc.
iVWma PompHias s institutes the rites of religious worship ; builds a temple
to Janut, and, having made peace with all the surrounding statet, closes
it for the first time. Pretending that he has nightly meetings with the
goddess Egeria, he oonciliates the savage dispositions of his subjects to
religion. XXII. etc Tullue Hcetitius attacks the Albans in war. XXT.
Battle of the three twin brothers. XXVI. Horatius acquitted. Punish'
meat of Mettius Fufetius. Alba demollshed ; the Albans received into
the number of the cttisene. War declared against the SeMnes. Tuttus
killed by lightning. XXXII. Ancus Martins renews the ceremonies in-
stituted by Ifuma. XXXIII. Conquers the Latint, and, oonferring on
them the right of dtuanship, assigns them the Aventine hill. Having
attacked Politorium, a oity of the Latint, a seeond time by force of armt,
because the anoient Latins had taken possession of it, he rases it to the
ground; builds a wooden bridge across the Tiber ; adds the hill Janicu.
hem to the oity ; enlarges the bounds of the empire; and builds Ostia.
Be reigns twenty-four years. XXXIT. In his reign Lucumo, son of
Demaratus of Corinth, came from TarquinU, a oity of Struria, to Rome,
and, received into the oonfidence of Ancut, assumes the name *f Tar-
fuietiut, and after the death of Ancus usurps the throne. XXXT. He in-
creases the number of senators by adding a hundred; subdues the Latint,
marks out the oircut, institutes public games. Attacked in a war with
the Sabinss, he augments the centuries of knights. For the purpose of
testing the art of Attius Navius the augur, he ie said to have oonsulted
him, whether that oould be done whlch he ( Tarquinius) was thinking on ;
and when he replied that it certainly oould, he oommanded him to cut a
whetstone asunder with a rotor, and it was immediately done by the
augur, Th* Sabines. moreover, he iefeats in a pitched battle; surrounds
9
CONTENTS OF BOOK L
(, II. Arrival of Apneas in Italy, and km sehirsrmmts th*n. tO.
The reign of Aseamus in Alba, and of the other Sylvian kings. IT. At
daughter of Numitor, enceinte by Mare,gives birth to Mmmkm and
Remus. T. Amulius killed. VI. City built by Romulus. Till. Smal*
f*rmed. X. The grand foils offered to Jupiter Feretrhu. XI. War with
the Sernum. XIII. The people divided into curise. XIV, XV. The fh
denotes and Veientee vanquished. XT I. Homulue deified. XV TT1. etc.
iVWma PompHias s institutes the rites of religious worship ; builds a temple
to Janut, and, having made peace with all the surrounding statet, closes
it for the first time. Pretending that he has nightly meetings with the
goddess Egeria, he oonciliates the savage dispositions of his subjects to
religion. XXII. etc Tullue Hcetitius attacks the Albans in war. XXT.
Battle of the three twin brothers. XXVI. Horatius acquitted. Punish'
meat of Mettius Fufetius. Alba demollshed ; the Albans received into
the number of the cttisene. War declared against the SeMnes. Tuttus
killed by lightning. XXXII. Ancus Martins renews the ceremonies in-
stituted by Ifuma. XXXIII. Conquers the Latint, and, oonferring on
them the right of dtuanship, assigns them the Aventine hill. Having
attacked Politorium, a oity of the Latint, a seeond time by force of armt,
because the anoient Latins had taken possession of it, he rases it to the
ground; builds a wooden bridge across the Tiber ; adds the hill Janicu.
hem to the oity ; enlarges the bounds of the empire; and builds Ostia.
Be reigns twenty-four years. XXXIT. In his reign Lucumo, son of
Demaratus of Corinth, came from TarquinU, a oity of Struria, to Rome,
and, received into the oonfidence of Ancut, assumes the name *f Tar-
fuietiut, and after the death of Ancus usurps the throne. XXXT. He in-
creases the number of senators by adding a hundred; subdues the Latint,
marks out the oircut, institutes public games. Attacked in a war with
the Sabinss, he augments the centuries of knights. For the purpose of
testing the art of Attius Navius the augur, he ie said to have oonsulted
him, whether that oould be done whlch he ( Tarquinius) was thinking on ;
and when he replied that it certainly oould, he oommanded him to cut a
whetstone asunder with a rotor, and it was immediately done by the
augur, Th* Sabines. moreover, he iefeats in a pitched battle; surrounds
9
LIBER PRIMUS.
BOOK FIRST,
nun. i�xxvi. xxxii�xxxv. xxxix�xll xlv�xmx
LIIL LVI�LX.
Jam primum omnium satis constat, Troja
Now first of all It ia suffioiently certain, that, Troy
capta, ssevitum esse in
having been taken, vengeance was vitiud upon
«2tero8 Trojanos; duobus, iEnew
*ll the other Troj,,ns ; but that towards two, jfineas
Antenorique, Achivos abstinuisse omne jus belli,
and Antenor, the Grecks forbore all the righta of war
et jure vetusti hospitii, et quia
both in virtue of an old tie of friendship, and beeaoM
semper fuerunt auctores pacis reddendseque
they had always been advisers of peace and of the restoration
Helense. Deinde, variis casibus Antenorem
of Helen. Then, that after various reverses Antenor
venisse in intimum sinum Hadriatici maris, cum
jame into the innermost bay of the Adriatio sea, with
multitudine Enerfim, qui, pulsi ex
a multitude of the Heneti, who, having been driven out of
Paphlagonia seditione, quarebant et sedes
Paphlagonia in a oivil war, were secking both a settlement
et ducem, rege Pylsemene amisso ad
and a leader, their king Pytomenes having been .oit at
Trojam; que pulsis Enganois, qui
Trov: and 'hut, after e^e"""^ un; ±.uuenei, who
il
12
[BOOK i.
TITU8 UrVTU8.
incolebant inter mare et Alpesque, Enetoe
dwelt between the sea ud the Alps, the Henetl
Trojanosque tenuisse eas terras; et locum
and Trojans took poawation of those lands; and the place,
in quern primum egressi sunt, vocatur Troja, inde
at which they first landed, b oalled Troy, whenee
,jue nomen est Trojano pago; gens uni versa
also Is the name for the Trojan canton; but the nation at large
appellati Veneti. iEnean, profugum domo
is oalled Veneti. Tkat jBneas, driven from home
ab simili clade, sed fatis dnoentibns ad initia
by a like disaster, bat the fates leading him to the founding
majora rerum, venisse primo in Macedoniarn,
of a greater state, came first to Macedonia,
inde quaarentem sedes delatum in Siciliam;
thence, in search of a settlement, he sailed to Sioily;
ab Sioilia tenuisse classe ad Laurentem
that from Sioily he proceeded with ois fleet to the Laurentian
agrum. Huic loco et est nomen Troja.
territory. To tois place aba b oww the name of Troy.
Cum Trojani, egressi ibi, agerent prsedam
When the Trojans, having landed there, were driving plunder
ex agris, ut quibus, ab prope
from the fields, al being aereeas to whom, after their almost
immenso errore, nihil superesset prater arma
immeasurable wandering, nothing wse left besides their arms
et naves,� Latinus rex Aboriginesque, qui turn
and ships,� Latinus the king and the Aborigines, who then
tenebant ea loca, concurrunt armati ex urbe
occupied those places, assembled in arms from the oity
atque agris ad areendam vim advenarum. Inde
and oountry, to repel the violence of the strangers. From her
s
fama est duplex: alii tradunt, Latinum
the acoount is two-fold: some say, that Latinus,
victum proelio junxisse pacem, dcinde
being overoome in battle, oontracted Jtrtt a peace, and then
affinitatem cum jEnea; alii, cum acies
an aViance, with Jineas; others, tkat when the armies
BOOK I.J
II
HISTORY OF ROilE.
*nstruct», pnusquam ugna
took their stand in battle am?, before the signals
canerent, Latinum process isse inter pri mores,
mwt't sounded, Latinus advanced in the front,
que evocasse ducem advenarum ad colloquium;
and invited the leader of the neweomers to a conference;
deinde percunctatum, qui mortales essent, unde
that he then inquired, who they were, whenoi
aut quo casu profecti domo,
tkrf had ooms, or by what calamity driven from home,
quidve quserentes exissent in Laurentinum agrum;
or in quest of what they had landed on the Laurentine territory;
|>ostquam audierit multitudinem esse Trojanoe,
after be beard that the host were Trojans,
ducera yEneam, filium Anchisse et Veneris,
their leader igneas, eon of Anchises and Venus, that,
profugos patria et domo
baving made their escape from their oountry and homes
cremata, quserere sedera locumque
oommitted to the flames, they were secking a settlement and a place
condendse urbis; et admiratum nobilitatem
tor building a oity; and, struck with admiration of the high rank
gentis virique, et animum paratum
ef the nation and of the hero, and their spirit prepared
vel bello vel paci, sanxisse fidem
alike for war or for peace, he oonfirmed the pledge
futur» amiciti» data dextera. Inde
of his future friendship by giving his right band. Thai thercupon
foedus ictum inter duces, salutationem factam
a league was struck between the leaders, and salutations exchanged
inter exercitus: iEneam fuisse in bospitio
between the armies: thai jfineas was received with hospitality
apud Latinum; ibi apud
at the house of Latinus; thai there, in the presence of
penates deos Latinum adjunxisse
the houschold gods, Latinus added
domesticum foedus publico, data JExiea filia
a family league to the publie on; by giving JEneas his daughte*
14 T1TUH LTVTO6. [BOOK L
in "Ml' fimonium. Ea res utique affirrnal
tn Marriage. This event fully i
Trojai is spem tandem finiendi erroris
the Trrj ,ne {>> the hops of at length terminating their wandering
staoili certaque sede; condunt oppidum:
by a fixed and permanent settlement; they build a town:
iEnea? appellat Lavinium ab nomine uxoris.
Ma,.%s oalls it Lavinium after the name of hia wife
Brevi quoque virilis fuit stirps ex novo
In n nho't time too, a eon was the iseue of the new
matrin onio, cui parent** dixere
marr*i ge, to whom hie parents gave
nomen A^canium.
of
II.�Aborigines Trojanique
The Aborigines and Trojans
nmul bello. Turn as,
together in war. Turnus,
cui Lavinia pacta faerat
to whom Lavinia had been affianced
advenam
that a stranger
deinde petiti
were toon after attacked
rex Rutulornm,
king of the Rntuliana,
ante adventum ^Enese,
before the arrival of *~
segre patiens
mortified
intulerat bellum
made war
Neutra acies
Neither army
lseta:
with MUM fbr rejoieing :
victores Aborigines
he rietorious Aborigines
Latinum. Inde
Latinna. Whereon
diffisi rebus,
diffident of their strength,
Etruscorum
of the Etrurians
iEne»
upon jfineas
abiit
tame off
Rutuli
the Rutulians
Trojanique
and Trojans
Turn us
Turnue
confugiunt
have reeourse
pr»latum sibi,
shonld be preferred to him,
Latinoque simul.
and Latinua together.
ex eo
from that
oertamine
eonteat
victi,
were vanquished,
amisere ducem
lost their leader
Rutulique,
and the Rutuliana,
ad florentes opes
to the flourish*ng atate
jue,
and Mesentiua,
eorum regem :
their king
qui
wh«-
aOOK I.J HiSTORY OF HOME.
16
turn
et that time
et turn
ud then
s nimio plus,
na increasing far more
opulento oppido,
an opulent town,
jam inde ab initio
from the rery beginning
ratus,
quam
imperitaus Csere,
holding Ase oourt at Cssre,
minime lsetus
being by no menus pleased
origine novse urbis,
at the founding of the new oity,
Trojanam rem
hat the Trojan power
satis tiitum accolis,
altogether safe for the neighboring states,
junxit arma socia Rutulis.
joined his forces in alliance with the Butulians.
ut oonciliaret sibi animos Aboriginum
si order that he might win to himself the minds of the Aborigines,
ld versns terrorem tanti belli, appellavit
of so serious a war,
Latinos,
Latins,
hand gravatim
without reluctance
JEneas,
in view of the terror
utramque gentem
both nations
called
use solum
not only
Nec deinde
Nor after that
studio ac fide
r n seal and fidelity
his animis
*pon this disposition
eoalesoentium
coalesoing
era! tanta opibus,
was so prominent in power,
fama sui nominis
with the fame of its prowess
nare etiam,
the sea also,
ab Alpibus
from the Alps
sub eodem jure,
under the same laws.
Aborigines
did the Aborigines yield
erga regem jEneam
towards their king iBneas
duorum populorum
of the two nations,
ut jam
that it already
non solum terras
not only the land
per totam longitudinem
through the whole length
ad Sioulum fretum,
to the Sioilian strait,
so that they might all be
sed etiam nomine.
but also the tame name.
Trojanis
to the Trojans
fretusque
relying, too,
in dies
,o xrre daily
Etruria
Etruria
implesset
fiiled
sed
but
Italia,
of Italy
tamen,
quamquam
3tini posset propulsare bellum
vbun be might have repelled the war
moenibus,
ms of fortifications
16
[BOOK L
TITU8 LIVIU8.
eduxit oopiaa in aciem. Inde proelium
he marched oat his forces to the field. Thercupon a batile
secundum Latinis,� ultimun* etiam
encued, successful to the Latins, the last alto
mortaliuni operund iEnese. Situs est�
of the mortal acts of ffintas He was bi ried
|uemcumque jus fasque est eum
(whatever appellation it is humanly and divinely lawful that he
dici� super Numicum fluvium:
be oalled sy) upon the banks of the river Nnmiou*:
appellant Jovem indigitem.
they style him " Jupiter Indigea."
III.�Ascanius, filius iEnese,
Aseanius, ton of Bneas
maturus
eld enough
id imperium
that government
ad puberem setatem
till the age of maturity.
imperio;
for secuming the government;
mansit incolume
remained secure
Tantisper
In the interval,
erat noodiua
was not yet
tamen
nevertheless
ei
for him
res
the Latin state
et regnun* avitura paternumque stetit puero
and the kingdom of his grandfather and father were preserved for the bol
tutela muliebri� tanta indoles erat in Lavinia.
the regenoy of his mother, such capaoity was there in Lavinia.
Haud ambigam�
* not without tome doubts
enim quis
(for who
an major
or one older
pro certo rem tarn veterem ?�
with certainty a matter of such antiquity?)
merit Ascanius,
was the Ascanius,
natus matre Creusa Ilio
born of Crcusa wAen Troy
comesque paternse fugse inde,
and the eompanion of his father's flight from thence,
Iulura Julia gens nanenpat auctorem
toiac eailed lulus, the Julian nation claim as the founder
affirmet
can affirm
hiccine
whether this
quam hie
than he,
incolumi,
had not yet fallen,
eundem quern
the same whou,
BOOK I.J HISTORY OF BOME.
17
ubicumque et quacumqne
wherescever and of whatscever
sui nominis. Is Ascanius,
of their name. Thia Ascanius,
matre genitus,� certe constat natum JEnea,�
mother born, (it ia at least certain that he was the acn of Mama,)
Lavinii relinquit
of Lavinium left that
abundante multitudine
on acoount of the exceasive population
lam florentem atque, ut res turn erant, opnlentan
already flourishing and, as oiroumatances then were, wealthy
condidit ipse
and built himself
arbem matri seu novercas;
eity to hia mother or atep-mother;
novam aliam sub Albano moute,
a new one at the foot of the Alban mount,
qua,
which,
qftJukiU,
ab situ urbis
the aituation of the oity,
appellata
porrects
being atretched
Lavinium
Lavinium
Alba Longa.
Alba Longa.
et deductam
and the transplanting
ferme triginta anni
only about thirty years
in dorso,
along the ridge
Inter
tke building of
Albam Longam,
to Alba Longa,
Tamen opes creverant
Tet its power had increased
fusis Etruscis,
after the defeat of the Etrurians,
iEnese, nec deinde
of iEneas, nor afterwards,
primum rudimentumque
and the first essays
Mezentius Etruscique,
Mesentiua and the Etrurians,
aocolse ausi sint
of the bordering nations attempt
Pax conveuerat
A peace was agreed on
quern nunc vocant
which they now call
Etruscis Latin isque.
between sKe Etrurians and I,attaa
*ta,
to this effect,
ooloniam
the colony
interfuere.
intervened.
maxime
espeoially
morte
on the death
inter tutelam muliebrem
during the regency of a woman
puerilis regni, aut
did either
ulli alii
or any other
movere arma.
to inaugurate hostilities
fluvius Albula,
the river Albula,
esset finis
should be the boundary
Deinde Silvius, filiua
After him Silvius. the son
tantum,
so rapidly,
ut ne quidem
that not even
of a youthful reign,
aut
at
that
Tiberim,
Tiber,
1« TITU8 LlVIUh. [BsXsK 1
Ascanii, natus qaodam casu in silvis, regnat:
*f Asouius, born by tome acoident in the woods, ascends the throM
is creat .iEnean Silvium, is deinde
he begat yBneas Silvias, who afterwards 6e</m
Latinum Silvium : ab eo aliquot colonic,
Latinos Silvius: by him several oolnnies.
appellati Prisci Latini, deducts; postea
sailed the anoient Latins, were transplanted; from this tiu�
cognomen Silviis mansit omnibus qui
the surname of Bilvius eontinued to be givn to all t*e prinm who
regnaverunt Alba. Latino ortus Alba; Alba,
reigned at Alba. From Latinos sprung Alba; from Alba
Atys; Atye, Capys; Capye, Capetus ;
Atys; from Atys, Capys; from Capys, Capetus;
Capeto, Tiberinus; qui, submersus in trajecto
from Capetus, Tiberinus; who, being drowned in erossing
amnis Albulse, dedit flumini nomen celebre
the river Albula, gave to that stream a name so celebrated
ad posteros. Inde Agrippa, filius Tiberini
among his posterity. Then Agrippa, the son of Tiberinus;
post Agrippam Romulus Silvius regnat,
after Agrippa Romulus Silvius reigns,
aooepto imperio a patre: ipse, ictus
having received the kingdom from bis father: the latter, being struck
ful mine, tradidit per man us regnum Aventino
by lightning, demised the kingdom to Aventinus,
is, sepultus in eo colle, qui est nunc para
who, being buried on that hill, which is now a part
urbis Romanse, fecit cognomen colli. Deinde
of the oity of Rome, gave his name to it. After him
regnat Proca; is procreat Numitorem atque
reigns Proca; he begets Numitor and
Amulium; Numitori, qui erai maximus stirps,
Amulius; to Numitor, who was the eldest son,
legat vetustum regnum Silvia gentis. Tamen
he bequeaths the anoient kingdom of the dilvian family. But
vis potuit plus, quam voluntas patris au!
force prevailed more. than the will of the father se
BOOK I.J
19
HI8TOKY OF ROME.
verecundia aetatis: pulso fratre, Aruulius
the respect for seniority : hiring expelled his brother, Amulins
regnat. Addit seel us sceleri ; interemit
takes the throne. He adds crime to crime; warders
fratris virilem stirpem, per speciem honoris
his brother's male issue, and under pretence of doing bono
fratris filise, Ren Silvise, cum legisset eao
to his brother's daughter, Rhea Silvia, having made her
Vestalem, perpetua virginitate adimit
a Vestal, by a sow of perpetual virginity he deprives her of
epem partus.
mil hope of issue.
IV.�Sed, at opinor, origo tantte orbis, qae
But, in my opinion, the origin of so great a oity, and
principium imperii, maximi secundum
the first establishment of an empire, in greatness next to
opes deorum, debebatur fatis. Vestal is,
the kingdom of the gods, was due to the fates. Tbe Vestal Rhea,
corapressa vi, cum edidisset geminura partum,
being deflowered by force, when she had brought forth twins,
nnncupat Martem patrem incertse stirpis,
declares Mars to 6e the father of her doubtful offspring,
seu rata, sen quia dens erat
sither IwaskaM she rea% thought so, or because a god was
honestior auctor culp». Sed nec dii,
a nore creditable author of her transgression. But neither gods,
D..C homines vindicant aut ipsam aut stirpem
nor men proteot her or her children
a crudelitate regia: sacerdos vincta
fro SB the oruelty of the king: the priestess, being loaded with chains
d»tur in custodiam; pueros jubet mitti
is east into prison; the children he orders to be thrown
in profluentem aquam. Forte quadam divinitua
into the stream of the river. tt happenod providentially
Tiberis eflhsus super ripas lenibus stagnis, nec
'kmt the Tiber bad overflowed its banks in sta?nnnr psole, no>
20
[book 1
rrrrra livtdb.
poterat adiri usqua*n ad amnis justi curaum;
eould it be approached anywhere near Its regular channe!;
et dabat spem ferentibus, infantes
and raised the expectation in the minds of the bearera, that the infants
posse mergi aqua quamvis languida: its,
roold be drowned in water however still: acoordingly,
velut defuncti regis imperio, exponunt pueros
as if fulfilling the king's oommand, they expose the boys
in proxima alluvie, ubi nunc est ficus Ruminalis,�
in the nearest land-flood, where now stands the fleas Rnminalis,�
ferunt vocatam Romularem. Erant turn
they say that it was called Romularis. There were at that time
vastse solitudines in his locis. Fama tenet,
rast deserts in those parts. Tradition has it,
sum aqua tenuis, destituisset fluitantem aiveuni,
that when the water, subsiding, had left the floating trough,
quo pueri expositi erant, in sicco,
in wbiob the children had been exposed, on dry ground
sitientem lupam, ex montibus qui sunt circa,
a thirsty she-wolf, from the mountains whlen are in (Aa vioinity.
flexisse cursum ad vagitum puerilem; earn
direeted her eonrse to the cries of the infants: mmd that sIh
prscbuisse mammas submissas infantibus adeo
he*d her dugs down to them with so mne*
mitem, ut magister regii pecoris invenerit
gentleness, that the keeper of the king's flock found
lambentem pueros lingua. Ferunt nomen fuisse
her licking the boys with her tongue. They say his name was
Faustulo; datos ab eo ad stabula
Faustulus; and that they were brought by him to his hut,
educandos uxori Larenti». Sunt, qui putent
to be nursed by his wife Larentia. There are tame who are of opinios
Lareutiam vocatam lupam inter pas tores,
that lies Larentia was called Lups among the shepherds, from km
vulgato corpore: inde datum locum
being a oommon prostitute: that thence was furnished the occasion
miraculo ac fabulse. Ita geniti, itaque educati,
isr the fabulous myth. The children thus born. and thus educated.
BOOK I.]
31
HISTORY OF ROME.
mm primum setas adolevit, segnes nee
a s soon as their age was matured, loitered neithei
in stabulis nec ad peoora, peragrare saltiu
at the stables nor among the cattle, but traversed the foreati
venando: hinc sumpto robore corporibus animisque,
in hunting: hence acquiring vigor of body and mind,
jam non tan tom subsistere fens, Bed faoere
tjey began not only to eneounter wild beasts, but to make
impetus in latrones, onustos prseda, dividereqm
attack upon robbers, loaded with booty, and divided
rapta pastoribus; et cum his,
the spoils with the shepherds; and in oompany with these,
grege juvennm in dies cresoente, celebrare
the number of their young attceiaim daily increasing, they oarried on
seria ac jocos.
their business and their sports.
V.�Hoc ludicrum
Our present festival
Lupercal,
of the Lupercal,
ferunt,
they say,
ftiisse
was
jam turn in Palatio monte,� et appellatum
even at that time practised on the Palatine hill, and that this was called
Pallantium, a Pallanteo,
Palatium, from Pallantcum
Palatium montem:�
the Palatine hill:
ex eo genere
of that tribe
tenuerat loca,
*d possessed that oountry,
cllatum ex Arcadia,
brought from Arcadia,
ourrereut nudi
were to run about naked
venerantes Lycseum Pana,
doing honor to Lycee.n Pan,
deinde vocaverunt Inunm.
qu*
who m
urbe Arcadica, dein
a oity of Arcadia,
Evandrum,
that Evander,
Arcadum multis tcmpestatibus ante
of Arcadians which for many years before
instituisse ibi sollemne
had instituted the-e tk e festivity,
ut juvenes
in tuek manner, that young men
per lusum atque lasciviam,
and wantonness,
quern Romani
whom the Romans
Latrones ob iram
That the robbers through rags
22 T1TU8 LTVTUS. .
[BOOK 1
prads insidiatoa deditw
M the lou of their booty, having lain in wait for them wMl intent
huic ludicro, cum sollemne esset notum, cum
on this sport, (as the festival was now well known,) whilst
Romulus vi se defendisset, cepisse Remum ;
Romulus vigorously defended himself, took Remas prisoner;
tradidisse captum regi Amulio,
that they delivered him up, whm taken, to king Amulius,
nltro accusantes. Dabant crimini maxime,
grossly impeaching him. They laid it to their charge more particularly,
impetum fieri ab iis in agroe Numitoris;
that violence had been done by them to the lands of Numitor;
inde, collecta manu juvenum, eos ageie
moreover that, having oolleoted a band of young men, they oarried on
prsedas in hostilem modum. Sic Remus
their plunder in a hostile manner. Cpon this Remus
deditur Numitori ad supplicium. Jam inde ab initio
was delivered to Numitor for punishment. Now from the very beginning
spes fuerat Faustulo, apud se educari
the hope had been cherished by Faustulus, that he was bringing up
stirpem regiam: nam et sciebat, infantes
a progeny of royal blood : for he both knew, that the infants
expositor jussu regis, et tempus, quo ipse
bad been exposed by order of the king, and that the time, at which he
eos sustui isset, congruere ad id ipsum ; sed
had taken them up, oorresponded exactly with that event ; bat
no!uerat aperire immaturam rem, nisi per
he was unwilling to disclose the yet undeveloped matter, unless in (as event
aut occasionem aut per necessitatem. Xecessitas
either of a It opportunity or of necessity. Necessity
venit prior: ita, subactus metu, aperit rem
came 0rst: wherefore, oonstrained by fear, he disoovers the affais
Romulo. Forte et, cum haberet Remum
to Romulus. By acoident also, when he had Remus
in custodia, audissetque fratres esse
in custody, and had heard that the brothers i
geminos, comparando et eorum setatem, et
twins, on oomparing their age and oi
BOOK I.]
HISTOHY OF BOME.
ipsam indolem minime servilem,
tkat thtir disposition mm by no nu* of a Mrrile torn, the reaolWotlea
nepotum U-tigerat animurn Numitori
of hia grandchildren struck Numitor;
sciscitandoque pervenit eodem,
end ok making inquiries he came to the saine eonefastoM,
at haud procul esset, quin agnosceret Remum.
to that he was not far from reoognising Remus.
Ita dolus nectitur regi undique.
Thus a plot is ooncerted for the king on all sides.
Romulus, non cum globo juvenum,� enim erat
Romulus, not in oompany with a band of youths, (for he was
nec par ad apertam vim,� sed jussia
unequal to open force,) but, ordering
aliia pastoribus venire certo tempore alio itiuere
different shepherds to oome at a fixed time, by different roads,
ad regiam, fecit impetum ad regeu*; et Remus,
to the palace, forced Ms way to the king; and Remus,
alia manu comparata a domo Numitoris,
with another party procured from the house of Numltos,
adjuvat; ita obtruncant regeui.
,en him assistance; and so they kill the king.
VI.�Numitor inter primum tumuitum, dictitans
Numitor at the beginning of the tumult, calling oat
hoe tea invasisse urbem atque adortos regiam,
that enemies had invaded the oity and assaulted the palace,
cum avocasset Albanam pubem, in obtinendam
when he had drawn away the Alban youth, to secure
arcem prseeidio armisque, postquam vidit
the oitadel with a garrison and arms, after he saw
juvenes pergere ad se gratulantes
the young men eoming towards him with oongratulations
perpetrata csede, extemplo advocate
npcn the perpetration of the murder, instantly calling
concilio, ostendit scelus
aa assembly of lke iMossa, represented <* tkem the imp'oos <
84 TITU8 LTVTOB. | BOOK L
fratris iii se; originem ncpotum, ut
*f his brother towards himself; tkt birth of his grandchildren, how
geniti essent, at educati, ut oogniti; deincepe
'.hey were begotten, how brought up, how disoovered; then ke told (seas of
csedem tyranni, que se auotorem.
the death of the usurper, and that he himself kad keen the instigator of It
Cumjuvenes, ingreesi agmine per mediam
When the young men, ooming up with their band through the midst
conoionem, salutaasent avum regem,
of the assembly, saluted their grandsire king, an appro vins;
vox secuta ex omni multitudine, efficit ratum regi
shout following from all the people, ratified to him
�omen imperiumque.
*nik that title and the sovereignty
Re Albana ita permissa Numitori,
The government of Alba baving thus been oommitted to Numitor,
;upido cepit Romulum Remumque oondend» urbia
a desire seised Romulus and Remus to build a eity
iii his locis, ubi expositi erant, ubique educatL
in the place, where they had been exposed, and brought up.
Et supererat multitudo Albanorum
And there was an overflowing population of Albans
Latinorumque: pas tores quoque acoesaerant ad id,
and Latins: the shepherds, too, deferred to this plim,
qui omnes facile facerent spem, Albam fore
and all these readily inspired the hope, that Alba would be
parvam, Lavinium parvum pne ea urbe.
but small, Lavinium but a petty town in oomparison with the eity,
quse couderetur. Deinde cupido regni,
whish was to be built. But then ambition for rule,
malum avitum, intervenit his cogitatiouibus
the bane of their grandfathers, interrupted these designs,
ttque iude coortum foedum certamen a principio
and thence aruse a shameful quarrel from a 1
satis miti: quoniam gemini essent,
suffleiently amioable: for as they were twins,
verecundia setatis nec facere discrimen, at
t for seniority oould not render a deoision. <n
BOOK U] HIOTOBY OF
dii, quorum tutel» ea I oca
the gods, nnder whose guard*anship the place vet,
legerent auguriis, qui daret nomen nova urbi,
might chooM by auguries, which shoald give s name t< the new eity,
qui regent imperio conditam, Romulus
whiob have the supremacy os*r it when built, ~
capiunt Palatium, Remus Aventinum
chose the Palatine,
> Palatine, Bemns the Aventine
templa ad inaugurandum.
as leesr eonaserated stands to wait the eagnriee.
VII.�Fertnr Remo augurium venisse priori,�
It is said that to Remus an omen came first,�
sex vultures; jamque, augurio nuntiato, cum
six vultures, and now, the omen having been proclaimed, whet
duplex numerus ostendisset sese Romulo,
double the number showed themselves to Romulus,
sua multitudo consalutaverat utrumque regem:
his own party sainted each king:
illi trahebant regnum prsecepto tempore,
the former claimed the kingdom on the ground of the priority of time,
at hi numero avium. Inde,
but the latter on acoount of the number of birds. Upon this,
cum altercatione congressi, certamine irarum
having met in altercation, from the oontest of angry feelings
vertuntur ad csedem: ibi Remus cecidit
they turn to bloodshed: there Remus fell
ictus in turba. Vulgatior fama est,
from a blow received in the crowd. A more oommon acoount is,
Remum, ludibrio fratris, transiluisae
that Rem hi is. derision of his brother, leaped over
novoe muros: inde interfectum ab
the new wall: that thercupon he was slain by
Romulo irato, cum increpitans,
Romulus in a passion, who, after sharply chiding Met,
adjecisset quoque verbis: " 8ic quicumque alius
uttered in addition three words : " 8o aerlal every one. who
TITUS UVTOB,
[book t
deinde transiliet mea moenia." Ita Romulus
shall hereafter Ipb;. over my fortifications." Thus Romului
solus potitus imperio; urbs
[>. o. 751] or me into sole possession of the government; and the eity,
condita appellata nomine conditoris.
* built, wax called after the name of its founder.
Primum muniit Palatium, in quo ipse
First of nil be fortified the Palatine hill, where he 1 '
erat educatus. Diis aliis facit sacra
had been brought up. To the other gods he offers sacrifices
A lbano ritu, Herculi Graoo,
after the Alban mode, to Ilereules acoording to the Greoian rite,
ut instituta erant ab Evandro. Memorant
a> they had been instituted by Evander. It is reoorded
Herculem, interempto Geryone, abegisse
that ilereules, having slain Geryon, drove away
boves mini specie in ea loca; ac,
his cattle, vhirk were of surprising beauty, into those places; and that,
ut reficeret boves quiete et lseto pabulo, ipsum et
in order to refresh them with rest and the rich pasture, himself also
fessum via, procubuisse prope fluvium
being fatigued with travel, he fay down on tkt tanks of the river
Tiberim herbido loco, qua trajecerat nando,
Tiber in a grassy place, to wbieb he had swam over,
agens armentum prae se. Ibi cum, gravatum
driving the herd before him. There when, satiated
oibo vinoque, sopor oppressisset eum, pastor,
-jrith food and wine, sleep o\ erpowered him, a shepherd,
nomine Cacus, accola ejus loci, ferox viribus,
aame,/ Cacus, resident in that region, presuming on Ats strength
captus pulchritudine bourn,
and struck with the beauty sf the eattle
cum vellet avertere earn prsedam, quia,
weald fain have made away with that booty, but because,
si compulisset armentum agendo in spelunram,
if he had driven the herd forward intc his owe,
ipsa vestigia deductura erant dominum eo
�heir tracks would have guided their master tamfcss
BOOK [.J
27
HISTORY OF ROME.
qu»rentem, traxit bovee caudis aversos
fa his March, he dragged the eattle by the tails backwards
in speluncam, quemqne eximium pulchritudine
Into the cave, pick,ng out those distinguished for their beauty.
Hercules, excitus somno ad primam auroram,
HawIn, arousing from his slumbers at the Drat approaek of dawn,
-nm perlustrasset oculis gregem, et s
when he had taken a view of his nerd, and
partem numero abesse, pergit ad proximam
daat some of the number were missing, went at eaoa to the nearest
speluncam, si forte vestigia ferrent eo.
cave, to see if by chance their footsteps would lead Mm thither.
Ubi vidit quse omnia versa foras, nee fine
But when he saw that they all pointed outward, nor direeted him
in aliain partem, confusus atque inoertus animi,
to aalr other quarter, perplexed and unsettled in Ms purpose,
oooepit agere porro armentum ex infesto loco.
he began to drive forward his herd from that 1
Cum inde qusedam boves acts
When, upon this, some of the oows, as they wars driven off,
mugissent, ut fit, ad desiderium reliotarum,
sommenced to low, as was natural on missing those that tsars left,
vox bourn inclusarum reddita ex spelunca,
the lowings of those that were oonfined, being returned frosj the cave,
oonvertit Herculem.
brought Hercules back.
Cum Cacus conatus esset probibere quern vi
And when Cacus attempted to prevent him by force,
vadentem ad speluncam, ictus clava,
as as isas proceeding to the cave, being struck with a club,
oocubuit morte, nequidquam inyocans fidem
he fell dead, vainly invoking the assistance
pastorum. Turn Evander, profugus ex
*f the shepherds. At that time Evander, a fugitive from
Pelt>|H>tineso, regebat ea loca magis auctoritate
the l'eli.(junnesus, governed this oountry more by his influence
quam imperio. Vir venerabilis
than by absolute rule. He tew * nerson highly revered
I'll'U8 LTVTU8.
| BOOK t
miraoalo
for his wonderful mwntUdqt
inter homines
to these men
venerabilior
lut more respeoted
Carmentse,
Cannenta,
fetiloquam,
litterarum,� rei nova
of letters,� a disoovery <re*'re nev
artium
of afl arte ;
icatris
of bls mother
quam en gen tea
whom these nations
Is turn Evander,
This Evander then,
trepidantium
crowding in oonfusion
manifestse cadis,
of open murder,
facinorisque cansam,
and the ornase of the deed,
rudes
ignorant,at (A<y ttili nrt,
credita divinitate
on aooount of the supposed divinity
miratse fuerant
had admired
ante adventum Sibylla in Italiam.
before the ooming of the Sibyl into Italy.
excitus
alarmed
circa advenam reum
around the stranger, guilty at tkty denlartd
postqnam audivit facinua
concurau pastorum
by the oonoourse of the shepherds.
After
he heard the deed
intuens habitura formamque
observing the person and mien
vin
of the hero to kt
humana,
than human,
Qomen
his name
aliquantum ampliorem
much larger
rogitat,
asked,
qui vi r esset.
who the man was.
augustioremque
and more majestic
Ubi aocepit
When he learned
patremque
and father
Herculesl
Herculesl
ac patriam,
and native oountry,
" Salve, Hercules! nate Jove,
" Hail, Hercules! son of Jupiter,
veridica interpres defim, cecinit
a truth-telling interpreter of the gods, foretold
te aucturum numernm coelestium;
that thou shalt increase the number of the celestials;
aram dicatum iri hie, quam gens
an altar shall be dedicated here, which a nation,
opulentissima in terris vocet
'he most powerful in the world, shall call
colatque tuo rito."
ind honor acoording to thine own institution."
data dextra, ait, se accipere
having given Aim bis right hand, said. that he neeoted
inquit
he said:
mater,
my mother
miki,
to BSC,
tibique
and that to thee
olim
hereafter
maximarn,
the greatest,
Hercules,
Hercules.
BOOK I.J
HISTORY OF BOME.
omen impleturumque fata
the omen, and would fulfil tits decree of the fates
oondita ac dicata ara. Ibi turn prim um
by building and oonsecrating an altar. There then for the first time
factum sacrum Herculi eximia bove capta
was performed a sacrifice to Reroutes of a chosen heifer taken
de grege, Potitiis ac Pinariis, maxims
from the herd, the Potitii and Pinarii, the most
inclyte familise quse turn incolebant ea loca,
distinguished families, which then inhabited these parti,
adhibitis ad ministerium dapemque.
having been invited to the service and the entertainment
Forte its evenit, ut Potitii prseeto essent ad tempus,
It so happened, that the Potitii were at hand in dms time,
extaque apponerentur his; extis adesis, Pinarii
and the entrails were served up to them; these being eaten, the Pinarii
venirent ad ceteram dapem: inde mansit institutum
came to the remainder of the feast: hence it oontinued a rule
donee Pinarium genus fait, ne vescerentur
as long as the Pinarian family existed, that they should not eat
exti? sollemnium. Potitii edocti
>f the entrails of the solemn sacrifices. The Potitii, instructed
ab Evandro fuerunt antistites ejus sacri per
by Evander, were direotors of that sacred function for
multas setates, donee sollemni ministerio familise
many ages, until, the solemn effice of their family
tradito pqblicis servis, Potitiorum omne genus
ceing delegated to public servants, their whole race
interiit Hsec una ex omnibus peregrina sacra,
became extinot. These were the only foreign religious rites, wAtcA
Bomulus turn suscepit, fautor jam turn
Komulus then ,adopted, being an abettor, even then,
immortalitatis parte virtute, ad quam sua fata
of immortality obtained by merit, to which his own destinies
slucebant eum.
ao
[BOOK 1.
TITU8 UrVTCB.
VIII.�Rebus divinis rite perpetratis,
The duties of religion haring been duly performed
multitudineque vocata ad concilium,
end the multitude rammoned to en assembly,
qua poterat coalesce re in populi unius corpus
as they oould he inoorporated into one people
nulla re prater quam legibus, dedit jura;
by no other method than fixed rules, he gere them a body o/Uwtt
ratus, si ipse fecisset se venerabilem
and judging, that, if he made himself dignified
insignibus imperii, quse fore ita sancta
\y the ensigns of sovereignty, they would thus be held sacred
agreeti generi hominum, fecit se augustiorem
among this uncultured olass of men, he rendered himself more majestic
cum eetero habitu, turn inaxime sumptis
both in his other appointments, and espeoially by taking
duodecim lictoribus. Alii putant, eum
twelve liotors at attendants. Some think, that he
secutnm numerum ab numero avium, quse augurio
chose this number from that of the birds, which in the augury
portenderant regnum: me baud poenitet
had portended the kingdom to him: I have no objoption
esse sententise eorum, quibus placet, et
to be of the opinion of those, who hold, that both
appari tores et hoc genus,
the apparitors in general and this particular olass of t*�H
quoque ipsum numerum ductum ab Etruscis
as well as their number, were taken from their Etrurian
finitimis, unde curulis sella unde toga pratexta
neighbors, from whom the on rule chair and the gown edged with purple
�umpta est; et Etruscoe ita habuisse,
were bcrrowed ; and that the Etrurians had such an arrangement,
quod rege create communiter ex duodecim
because, their king being elected in oommon from twelve
populis, singuli populi dederint singulos lictores
states, each state gave him one lictor.
Interim urbs cresoebat appetendo
«eenwhlle the oity inoreseed by SbstV taking is
HOOK I.J
»1
HISTORY OF ROME.
alia atque alia loca munitionibus, cum muniront
various lou of ground for buildings, whilst they built
magis in spem future multitudinia, quam
rather with a view to future numbers. than
ad id hominum, quod turn erat. Deinde, ne
for the population, which then was at hand. Then, 'est
magnitudo urbis esset vana, causa
the sise of the eity might be of no avail, for the purpose
adjicienda multitudinia vetere consiHo-
of augmenting the population acoording to the anoient polley
condentium urbes, qui, conciendo ad M
of the founders of oities, (who, after oolleeting to them
obecuram atque hurailem multitudinem,
an obscure and mean multitude,
ementiebantur, sibi prolem natara e terra,
used to pretend, that their offspring sprung out of the earth,)
aperit asylum locum, qui nunc septus est
he opened as a sanctuary a place, which is now enclosed,
descendentibus inter duos lucos. Eo perfugit
as fM go down to the two groves. Hither fled
ex finitimis populis, sine discrimine
from the neighboring states, without distinction, wJtetto
liber an servus esset, turba omnis, avida
freeman or bondman, a crowd of all sorts, eager
no varum reruns, jdque fuit primum roboris
for a change, and this was the first addition of strength
ad coeptam magnitudinem. Cum jam baud poeniteret
to their rising greatness. When he was now not dissatisfied with
virium, deinde parat consilium
is strength, he next provided a meant o/ direction
viribns: creat centum senatores, sive quia
tor that strength: he creates one hundred senators, either because
Lb numerue erat satis, sive quia erant soli
that number was suffioient, or because there were only
centum, qui possent creari pa tree.
wbc could name their *
32
[BOOK I.
TITUS LIV1US.
Certe appellati patres ab honore, que
They were certainly culled fathers through respect, and
eorum progenies patricii.
their descendants, patrioiana.
ut esset par bello
that it was a match in war
IX.�Jam Romana res erat adeo valida,
And now the Roman state was beoome so powerful,
cuilibet finitimarum civitatum:
for any of the neighboring nations;
sed penuria mulierum magnitudo duratura erat
its greatness was likely to last
quibus essent
they had
l,ut from the pauoity of women
SBtatem hominis;
but one age of man ;
nec spes prolis domi,
no hope of issue at home,
cum finitimis. Turn,
quippe
for
nec
nor
with their noighbors.
Romulus
Romulus
qui peterent
who were to solioit
novo populo:
far his new subjects:
connubia
had they any intermarriages
ex consilio patrum,
upon the advice of the fathers,
circa vicinas gentes,
round to the adjoining states,
connubiumque
and the privilege of intermarriage
urbes quoque, ut
he intimated Ut them that oities, too, like
Therefore,
misit legates
sent ambassadors
societatem
cetera, nasci ex infimo;
every thing else, rose from low beginning!;
quas dii ac sua virtus
thcee, which the gods and their own merit
dein,
that, in time,
juvent,
supported,
facere sibi
procured to themselves
satis scire
*hat he knew full well,
Romanse,
of Rome,
homines
magnas opes
great power
et deos adfuisse
both that the gods had favored
et virtutem non defuturam:
and that merit would not be wanting:
magnumque nomen;
and great renown;
origini
the founding
proinde
wherefore,
ne gravarentur
they should feel no reluctance
miscere sanguinem
to mix their blood
ac genus
and race
cum
with
hominibus.
Nusquam
Nowhere
BOOK I.] HISTORY OF BOMS. 38
legatio benigne audita est: adeo
wai the embassy favorably heard: to mnch
simul spernebant, simul metuebant sibi ac
did the; at the same time despise, and dread for themselves and
enis posteris, tan tam ruolem crescentem in medio :
their posterity, so great a power growing up in their midst:
ac dimiasi aplerisque rogitantibus,
aceordingly they were dismissed by the greater part with the question,
ecquod aperuissent asylum feminis quoque,
whether they had opened an asylum for women also,
enim id fore demum compar connubium,
for that this would be the only suitable plan for intermarriage.
Romaoa pubes passa id segre, et
The Roman youth resented this conduct bitterly, and
res baud dubie coepit spec tare ad
the matter evidently began to point towards
vim. Romulus, ut daret aptum
violence. Romulus, in order that he might afford a favorable
tern pus locumque cui, dissimulans
time and place for this, dissembling
fegritudinem animi, ex industria parat sollemnea
his displeasure, nurposely prepares solemn
ludos equestri Neptuno Consualia:
games >s honor of the equestrian Neptune; he eaUt them Consualia:
deinde jubet spectaculura indici finitimis ;
he then orders the spectacle to be proclaimed among their neighbors;
concelebrantque, quanto
and they (t. e. hie people) prepare for the celebration with all
apparatu turn sciebant, aut poterant,
the magnificence they then knew of, or were capable of doing,
ut facerent rem claram exspectatamque.
that they might render the matter famous and an object of expectation.
Multi mortales convenerc, studio etiam videndse
Great numbers of people assembled, from a desire also of seeing
uovse urbiu; maxime quique proximi,
the new oity; espeoially their nearest neighbors,
Oninenses, Crustumini, Antemnates
th Csaninensw. Crustumini. and AntemnaKv.
S4
TTTU8 LIVIUS.
Jam
Moreover
cum conjugibus
with their wives
l>er rlomos,
to the different homes,
moeniaque,
tod fortifieations,
mirantur
they were astonished
tarn brevi.
so rapidly.
Ubi tempus spectaculi
When the time for the spectacle
que mentes cum oralis
and while their minds and eyes
omnis multitudo Sabinorum venit
the whole multitude of the Sabines oame
ac liber is: hospitaliter invitati
and children : having been hospitably invited
cum vidissent situm
when they had viewed the situation
et urbem
and the oity
Romanam rem crevisse
that the Roman power had in
frequentem tectis,
" 1 with I
turn, ex composito,
then, acoording to ooncert,
Romana juventus
the Roman youth
virgines.
the young women.
venit,
arrived, [n. c. 4 ; a. o. 748,]
deditse erant eo,
were intent upon it,
vis orta; signcque dato,
a tumult began ; and upon a signal given,
discurrit ad rapiendas
ran different ways to carry off
Magna pars raptre forte,
A great number were borne away at hap-hasard.
in quern quseque inciderat; homines ex plebe,
aceording as they fell into their hands ; persons from the <
qui bus negotium datum erat,
to whom the task had been assigned,
quasdani
aapaa wotaen
deferebant domos
oonveyed to their houses
excellentes forma, destinatas
of surl assing beauty, being designed
priiuoribus patrum. Ferunt unam, longe
, -: the prinoipal senators. They say that one, highly-
insignem ante alias specie ac pulchritudint,
distinguished above the rest for her stature and beauty,
cujusdam Thalassii
of one Thalassius,
multisque sciscitantibus, cuinam ferrent eam,
and whilst many inquired, to whom they were carrying her,
olaraitatum identidem, ne quis violaret,
thev oried out every now and then, in order tha' tc iii o,isrht molest *e'
raptam
was carried off
a globo
by the party
l] histoby of bomb. 34
ferri Thalassio; inde hanc vooem
tkat 4kt ih being taken to Thalamus; whence the ory
fmclam nuptialem. Ludicro turbato per metnm,
beeame a naptial one. The festival being disturbed by thie alarm,
parentes virginum profngiunt moesti,
the parents of the young women retired full of grief,
incusantes foedus violati hospitii, que
Inveighing against the eompset of riolated hospitality, and
invocantes deum, ad cujus sollemne ludosque
invoking the god, to whose solemn festival and games
venissent, decepti per fas ac fidem.
they had oome, deceived under eolor of religion and good faith.
Neo aut est melior apes de se,
Neither were better hopes with regard to themselves,
aut minor indignatio raptis;
or less indignation entertained by the ravished virgins;
sed Romulus circumibat ipse docebatque,
however, Romulus went about in person and declared,
id factum superbia patrum,
' that this proceeding bad been occasioned by the pride of their fathers,
qui negassent finitimis oonnubium;
who had denied their neighbors fjkt privilege of intermirriage;
tamen, illas fore in matrimonio,
that notwithstanding (its they should be Joined in lawful wedlock,
in societate omnium fortunarum
6c tdmttted to the oommon enjoyment of all their possessions
ci ritatisque, et, quo nihil sit carius
and oivil rights, and, than which nothing can be dearer
humano generi, liber fim: modo mollirent
to the human heart, of their eommon children : they should now soften
iras, et darent animoe, quibus
their resentment, and bestow their asfections upon thom to whom
fore dedisset corpora; ex
had oonsigned their persons." Be added that from
injuria ssepe ortam gratiam postmodum;
treatment often sprung mutual regard before leng;
usuras melioribus viris eu,
tjue
umi
that they should find them better husbands on this
36
[book l
TITUS LIVIU8.
quod quisque
because every one
functus sit
oaving performed
ut expleat etiam
to make up also
patriseque.
and native oountry.
cum
adnisurus sit pro se,
would strive to his utmost,
officio,
in tkt eonjugal office,
virorum
*f the husbands
atque amore,�
and love,
suam vicem
his duty
desiderium
for the loss
Accedebant
To ihu were added
purgantium factum
exousing their eonduct
parentium
of their parents
blanditise
the (
cupiditate
on lle plm of passion
preces, quse sunt
arguments, which are
efficaces ad muliebre ingenium.
foroible with woman's heart.
maxime
particularly
X.�Animi
The minds
mitigati;
soothed;
concitabant
sought to rouse
raptis et erant jam admodum
of the ravished virgins were soon very much
at raptarum parentes
but their parents
civitates
the states
lacrimisque
and tears
indignationes
their resentment
undique
from all quarters
et querelis.
and oomplaints.
tantum domi,
merely to their own homes,
ad Titum Tatiura,
to Titus Tatius,
turn maxime
then most of all
veste sordida
by putting on mourning apparel,
Nec continebant
Nor did they eonfine
sed congregabantur
but they flocked
regem Sabinorum;
king of the Sabines:
quod nomen Tatii
because the name of Tatius
et,
and,
in iis regionibus,
in those parts,
Cteninenses,
The Cseninenses,
erat
legationes
Crustuminique
Crustumini
maximum
tho most powerfni
conveniebant eo
were addressed to him
et Antemnates
and Antemnates
erant,
pertinebat;
extended;
ad quos
to whom
his
to
pars
a portion
Tatius Sabinique
Tatius and ths Sabines
ejus injunre
of the outrage
visi sunt
BOOK Lj
37
HISTORY OP BOME.
agere
to proceed
lente : ipsi Ires popnli
ratker lamely; wherefm then three â� tatei,
communiter inter se pa rant bellum. Neo
joined in a oonfederacy, make preparations for war. Not
quidem Crustumini atque Anteranates movent
do the Crustumini and Antemnates bestir
pro ardore iraque
to nil the impatience and rage
nomen Cseninum -
the state of the Cseninenses
satis impigre
briskly enough
Cseninensium;
of the Cseninenses;
per se ipsum
by itself
Bed Romulus
But Romulus,
in Romanurn agrum.
into the Roman territory.
fit obvius vastantibus
met them ravaging
levique oertamine
and by a slight <
ita
acoordingly,
facit impetum
makes an irruption
cum exercitu
with his army,
effuse,
aW eountry in a disorderly manner,
docet, iram sine viribus
teaches them, that rage without power
Pundit fugatque exercitum,
He defeats and routs their army,
obtruncat et spoliat
kills and despoils
occiso hoetium duce, capit urbem
having slain the enemy's general, reduoes their oity
impetu. Inde reducto victore exercitu,
assault. From thence having led back his victorious army,
cum vir magnificus factis, turn
Msf both a man glorious in his achievements, and
regem
their king
is of no avail.
persequitur fusum,
pursues it whm routed,
in proelio:
in battle: and
pnmo
at the first
gerens
oarrying before Ua,
baud minor ostentator factorum,
a no less mceentful exhibitor of them,
in Capitolium,
tc the Capitol,
apte fabrieato ad id
properly oonstructed for that purpose,
ducis; ibique,
I; andtl
ipse escendit
he went in state
suspensa ferculg
spolia hostium
the spoils of the enemy'*
cum deposuisset ad
after he had laid them down undei
quercum, sacram pas tori bus, simul cum dono,
an oak. held sacred by the shepherds, together with the offering.
TITUS LIVIUh.
[BOOK L
designavit fines
he marked out the bounda
teraplo Jovia, addiditque
for a temple of Jupiter, and gave
" Jupiter Feretri," inquit,
" Jupiter Feretri us," he says,
victor, fero tibi haae
upon my victory, offer to thee theM
que dedico templum
and to tket I dedicate a temple
quas modo metatua sum animo,�
which I have now measured out in my mind,
opimis spoliia, qui
for the grand apoils, which my
sequentes me auctorem, ferent c»sis regibus
following my example, shall offer on slaying the kings
ducibusque hostiura." Hsec est origo templi,
and generals of their enemies." This ia the origin of that temple.
cognomen deo:
a surname to the god:
" rex Romulus,
"1, king Romulus,
regia anna,
rcyal arms,
his regionibus,
within those regions,
sedem
at a repository
quod
which
primum omnium sacra turn est Romse.
was the firat oonseorated io Rome.
Deinde ita visum diis,
It afterwards ao pleased the gods,
conditoris templi, qua
of the founder of the temple, by which
laturos spolia eo,
general* would carry spoils thither,
nec laudeni ejus doni
acr that the glory of that offering
multitudine compotum. Postea, inter tot
by the great number of those sharing at. In after times, during so maay
annos, tot bella, opima spolia bina parta sunt,�
years, ned ac many wars, the grand spoils bave been but twice "
adeo rara fuit fortuna ejus decoris.
so rare bas been the fortunate attainment of that boner.
nec vocem
that neither the prediction
nuncupavit posteroa
he intimated that future
irritam esse,
should prove erroneous,
vulgari
should be rendered oommon
XI.�Dum Romani ibi gerunt ea,
Whilst the Romans are there achieving thsso
exercitus Antemnatium, per occasionem
the arrov of the Antemnatrs. in new o/the favorable oonjunetan
MOK (.J
33
HE3TOBY OF BOMS,
ac «olitudinem facit incursionem
and the absence of their mllitary, makes an incursion
in Rot-ianos fines hoetiliter. Romana legio
into the Uoman borders in a hostile manner. A Roman legion,
dncta mptim ad hos et oppressit
being marched nut in haste against these also, surprised
palates in agris; igitur hostes
them while straggling through the fields; acoordingly the enem
nisi primo clamore et impetu, oppidum captum '
were routed at the first shout and charge; their town taken;
ovantemque duplici victoria, conjux Hersilia
and cm he mat uniting tor thit double viotory, his oonsort Hersilia,
fatigata precibus raptarum orat
importuned by the entreaties of the captured �ua, petitions
Romulum, ut det veniam earum parentibus,
Romulus, to show favor to their parents,
et accipiat in civitatem; ita rem
and admit them to the privilege of oitisens; that thns Ms power
posse coalescere concordia.
might be strengthened by a reoonoiliation. Her requeet
Facile impetratum. lode profectus contra
was readily granted. Thercupon he marched against
Crostuminos, inferentes bellum; fait
the Crustumini, who were carrying on hostilities ; but there was
etiam minus certaminis ibi, quod animi
even less resistance there, because their spirits
ceciderant cladibus alienis. Colonise missa
were sunk by the defeats of their allies. Colonies were sent
utroque; plures inventi, qui darent nomina
to both places, but more were found to give in their names
in Crustuminum, propter ubertatera terne.
for Crustuminum, on acoount of the fertility of the soli
Migratum est frequenter et inde Romano,
Migrations in great numbers were also made from thence to Rome,
maxima a parentibus ac propinquis raptarum.
chiefly by the parents and relatives of the ravished women
Novissimum bellum ortum ab Sabinis,
The last war broke oat on the part of the Sablaee,
10
[BOOK I.
TITU8 LIVIUS.
que id fait multo maximum: enim nihil
and it was by far the moat formidable: for nothing
actum est per iram aut cupiditatem; nec
was di no through rage or cupidity; no?
oetenderunt bellum, priusquam intulerunt
did they make a show of war, before they actually began it.
Consilio dolus etiam additus. Spurius Tarpeiu»
To prndenee stratagem also was added. Spnrius Tarpeiut
pneerat Roman» arci; Tatius oorrumpit
oommanded the Roman oitadel; Tafias bribes
hujus virginem filiam auro, ut accipiat
his maiden daughter with gold, to admit
armatos in arcem: ea ierat forte extra
armed soldiers into the oitadel: she had gone by chanee without
moenia turn petitum aquam sacris.
the fortifications at the time, to bring water for the sacred rites
Obrutam armis aooepti
Bnried beneath their armour, they est* ersre admitted
necavere; seu ut arx videretur potius
*rushed her to death; either that the oitadel might seem rather
seu causa prodendi
or for the purpose of establishing
exempli, ne quid fidum usquam esset
a precedent, that no faith should,under any oiroumstaneessbe kept
capta vi,
to have been taken by storm,
proditori.
with a traitor.
Sabini
the Sabines
aureas armillas
golden bracelets
magna specie
of a large sire
quod baberent
what they had
eo acuta
heaps that their shields
aureis donis.
the golden presents.
Additur fabulse, quod
There is an addition to the story, that, as
vulgo habuerint l»vo brachio
oommonly wore
magni ponderis,
of great weight,
gemmatos,
set with gems,
ou their left arm
annulosque
and rings
eam pepigisse
she bargained for
in sinistris manibus
on their left hands;
congesta illi pro
were thrown upon her instead oi
Sunt, qui dicant
There are some whs *ay,
aOOKI.J HISTORY OF BOMK
41
ex pacto tradendi quod esset in
that in pursuance of the agreement to deliver up what wa s M
â� nutria manibus eam de recto petisse anna;
their left hands, she expressly demanded their shields;
et, visam agere fraude, ipsam peremptam
and that, appearing to act with treachery, she was killed
mercede sua.
by the reward of her own ekoonnj.
XII.�Sabini tamen tenuere aroem;
TheSabines, however, kept pomswion */ the eitadel;
atque die postero, cum Romanna exercitua
and on the day after, when the Roman army,
instructus complesset quod cam pi est inter
in order of battle, filled the whole plain that lies between
Palatium Capitolinumque collem, non
the Palatine and Capitoline hills, they did not
descenderunt inde in sequum priusquam,
oome down from thence to the level ground until,
ira etcupiditate recuperandse arcis
resentment and a desire to retake the eitadel
stimulante animos, Romaai subiere in adversum.
firing their spirits, the Romans advanoed to an assault.
Principes utrimque ciebant pugnam,
T,eo chiefs one on each side animated the battle, vis.
Mettius Gurtius ab Sabinis, Hostius Hoetiliul
Mettius Curtius on the part of the Babines, Hostns Hostilins
ab Romania. Hio ad prima signa
sn that of the Romans. The latter, in the front ranks,
animo atque audacia siistinebat Romanam rem
�y his spirit and intrepidity supported the Roman cause
iniquo loco; ut Hostius cecidit,
tr. disadvantageous ground; but when Hostus fell,
Romana acies confestim inclinatur, fusaque est
the Roman line immediately gave way, and was beaten
ad veterem portam Palatii. Romulus,
to the old gate of the Palatium. Romulus,
O TTTU8 UTm. [BOOK L
et ipse aotas fugientium turba, tollena arma
himself too being forced along by the flying orowd, ra*sing his arms
ad ooelura, inquit, " Jupiter, juasus taia avibus,
towards heaven, *ays, " 0 Jupiter, direoted by thy birds,
hie in Palatio jeci prima fundamenta uibi:
I here on the Palatine k*ll laid the first foandation of my oity.
Sabini jam habent aroem
The Babine* already hatepowirion of the oitadel,
emptam scelere: inde tendont hue armati,
purchased by frand: from thence they are now advanoing hither in arms,
superata media valle. At tu,
baving already pawed the middle of tkt valley. But do thou,
pater deum hominumque, hino saltern aree hostes,
father of gods and men, from bence at least repel the foe,
deme terrorem Romania, sisteque
remove dismay from tkt minde of the Romans, and stop
foedam fugam. Voveo templum hie tibi,
their shameful flight. I tow a temple here to thee,
Jovi Statori, quod sit monumentum posteris,
as Jupiter Stator, which shall be a testimony to posterity
urbem servatam esse tnrn prseeenti ope."
that lies eity was preserred by thy immediate aid.
Htec precatus, velut si sensisset preces
Having prayed thus, as if he had perceived that his supplications
auditas, inquit, " hinc, Romani, Jupiter
were heard, he ones out, "here, Romans, Jupiter,
optimus maximua jubet resistere atque
supremely good and great, orders you to halt, and
iterare pugnam." Romani restitere, tamquam
the fight" ~ . - .
The Romans halted as if
jussi voce ooelesti; ipse Romulus provolat
oommanded by a volce from heaven; and Romulus himself flew forward
ad pri mores. Ab Sabinis Mettius Curtiul
to the front. On the side of the Babines, Mettius Curtius
decucurrerat prinoeps ab aroe,
had rushed down at the head of let army from the oitadel,
et egerat Romanos efrusos quantum spatium est
and driven the Romans in disorder through all th
I.
43
K2BTOBY OF
jam erat
he wm already
uec procu,
not far
a porta Palatii,
the gate of the Palatiam,
cum viris,
with men."
tkese dastardly enemies. They now feel
rapere virgines, aliud longe pugnare
to ravish virgins, another, far different, to fight
toto foro;
siialMssl by the [whole] forum;
clamitans, "vicirnus
crying aloud, " We have ooequereo
perfidos hoepitee, imbelles hoe tes. Jam auiunt,
t*m perfidious strangers,
aliud esse
fiat it is one thing
" In eum, hsec gloriantem,
On him, thus vaunting,
Romulus facit impetum cum globo
Romulus makes an attack with a band
Mettius forte
Mettiua, as it happened,
eo fuit facilius pelli;
henee he was the more easily repulsed;
pulsum, et alia
when repulsed, and the rest
accensa audacia regis,
animated by the gallantry of their king,
Mettius, equo trepidante
Mettius, his none taking fright
in paludem:
into a lake;
ferocissimorum juvenum.
of the most oourageous youths.
turn pugnabat ex equo:
was then fighting on horseback:
Romaui perseqauntur
the Romans pursue him
Romana acies,
of the Rowan army,
(audit Sabinos.
routs the Sabines.
strepitu sequentium,
at the din of his pursuers.
conjecit sese
threw himself
eaque res
and this <"
averterat
drew
*kt
Ille
Ha,
Sabinos
of the Sabinee
et equidem,
however,
addito
acquired fresh
evadit.
periculo tanti viri.
at the risk of so important a person.
suifl adnuentibus ac vocantibus,
his own party beckoning and calling to him,
animo favore multorum,
eourage from the affection of the multitude, end made his esoap<..
Romani Sabinique redintegrant proelium
The Romans and Sabines renew the battle
media duorum montium, sed
between the two hills. but
erat su
in oonvalle
in the valley
Romana res
superior.
i ahead.
titus livnra.
[BoUK 1
XIII.� rum Sabinse mulieres, ex injuria quarum
At thi s crisis the Sabine women, from the outrage on whoa
bellum ortum erat, crinibus pass is
the war was began, with hair dishevelled
Hcissaque veste, muliebri pavore victo
and garments torn, their woman's timidity being overoome
malis, au&s inferre ne
y the sight of tuck disasters, had the oourage to throw thcuuo'vej
liter volantia tela, facto impetu ex trausverso
amid the flying weapons, and makiug a rush across,
dirimere infestas acies, dirimere iras; orantes
to part the incensed armies, and to assuage their fury; beseeching
hinc patres, hinc viros,
en the one hand their fathers, on the other their husbanda
sooeri generique, ne respergerent
that, as fathers-in-law and sons-in-law, they would not pollute
se nefando sanguine, ne maoularent
themselves with impious blood, nor stain
buos partus parrioidio,� illi nepotum progenia m
their offspring with parrioide, the one their grandchildruu,
hi liberum. " Si piget affinitaos
the other their children, " If you are displeased with the affinity
inter voe, si connubii, vertite iras in nott;
between you, if with our intermarriages, turn your rage against us;
nos sumus causa belli, nos vuluerum
we are the cause of the war, we lie cause of wounds
ac csdium viris ac parentibus: melius peribimus,
and death «o our husbands and parents; better we perish,
quam vivemus viduse aut orbs sine
than live widowed or fatherless without
alteris vestrum." Res movet cum multitudinem,
one or the other of you." The oiroumstance affects both the multitude
turn duces; silentium et repentina quies fit. Inde
and the leaders; silence and a sudden suspension ensue. Upon this
duces prodeunt ad fced us faciendum;
the leaders oome forward to ooncert a treaty; [u. o. 7; a. c. 746.1
nec modo faciunt pacem, sed
and they not only oonclude a peace, but form
BOOK I. J
HISTORY OF ROUE.
unam civitatem ex duabus. Consociant regnam,
one state oat of two. They assooiate the regal power,
oonferunt omne imperium Romam. Urbe
mod transfer the entire sovereignty to Rome. The oity
ita geminata, ut tamen aliquid daretar
Mag thas doubled, that at least some eemptimmU might be pai
Sabinis, appellati Quiritee a Curibus.
to the Sabines, they were oalled Quirites from d*m
Monumentum ejus pugnse, appellarunt
Ae a memorial of this battle, they called tin plat
ubi equus emersus ex profunda palude
where the horse, upon getting out of the deep march
primun. Btatuit Curtium in vado, Curtium lacum.
first net Curtins in shallow water, the Curtian lake.
Lata pax repente ex bello tam triati,
The happy pease following suddenly upon a war so distressing,
fecit Sabinaa cariores viris ac parentibus,
rendered the Sabine women still dearer to their husbands and i
et ante omnee Bomulo ipai. Itaque
and above all, to Romulus himself. Acoordingly,
cum divideret populum in triginta curias,
when he dirided the people into thirty curise,
imposuit earum nomina curiis. Cum hand dubie
he oonferred their suim u; on them. Since, without doabt,
numerus mulierum fuerit aliquanto major hoc,
the number of women was oonsiderably greater than this,
id non traditur, quse darent nomina
it is not reoorded auWfter those, who gave their names
curiis, lecta aint setate,
tn the curise, were selected on acoount of their age,
an suia virorumve dignitatibus, an aorte.
<>r their own or their husbands' dignity, or by lot.
Eodem tempore et tres oentoria equitum
At the same time, also, three centuries of knights
oonscriptse aint, appellati Ramnenses ab Romulo,
were eurolled, oalled Ramnensea from Romalus,
Titienses ab T. Tatio; causa nominia et originis
ritiensea from Titua Tatiua; the reason of the name and orig*n
46
[book l
TITU8 LIVITO.
Lucerum inoerta est. Inde regnum
of the Luceres ia uncertain. Thenceforward the government
fait non modo commune, sed concora etiam
was eondnrted not only in oommon, but in ooneord alto
duobus regibus.
by the two Icingt.
XIV.�Poet aliquot annoe, propinqui regis Tatii
Several year s after, tome relatives of king Tatins
pulsant legatee Laurentium, cumque Lauren tee
beat the ambassadors of the Laureates, and when the Laurentes
agereut jure gentium, gratia euorum
lout action acoording to the law of nations, the influence of his friends
et preoes plus poterant apud Tatium.
and their importunities had more weight with Tatins.
Igitur vertit in se poenani illorurn ;
He therefore drew upon himself the punishment due to them;
nam interficitur Lavinii, concursu facto,
for he is slain at Laviniu,u in a tumult raised
cum eo venisset ad sollemne sacrificium. Eam rem
on his going thither to an anniversary sacrince. This proceeding,
ferunt Romulum tulisse minus segre quam
they say, Romulus regarded wjth leas resentment than
dignum erat; seu ob societatem
was beooming to kim, either because of their assooiation
regni infidam, seu quia credebat
in the kingly power lacking oordiality, or because he believed
haud injuria cneum. Itaque quidem abetinuit
that he was deservedly killed. For this very reason, he deollned /otNf
bello; ut tamen injuria legatorum
to war; in order, however, that the ill-treatment of the ambassadors
regisque csades expiarentur, foedus inter
and the murder of the king might be expiated, the league between
urbes Romam Laviniumque renovatum est.
the oities o/Roxse and Lavinium was renewed.
fit cum bis quidem pax erat ineperata;
this party, indeed. peace oontinued oontrary to expectation .
auOK I.J HISTORY OF HOME. 41
aliud hellum ortum multo propius, atque
another war broke oat much nearer earns and
prope in ipsis portis. Fidenates, rati opes
almost at the very gates. The Fidenates, thinking that a powei
oimis vicinaa prope se oonvalesoere, occupabant
too near to themselves wa s growing formidable, determine
face re bellum, priusquam easet tantum
to make war before there should be such a degree
roboris, quantum apparebat futurum.
of strength, a s it wae evident there would he.
Armata juventute immiasa, quod agri
Ad anced body of young men being sent in, all the land, thai
inter urbem ae Fidenas est vastatur. Inde
lies between the oity and Fidenas is laid waste. Then
versi ad lsevam, quia Tiberis arcebat dextra,
turning to the left, boeanao the Tiber oonfined them on the right.
populantur cum magna trepidatione
they continued their depredations to the great consternation
agrestium, re|K nsque tumultus Hiatus ex agris
of the peasantry ; and the sudden exoitement, spreading from the eountry
in urbem fuit pro nuntio. llomulua
into the oity, tarred as the firtt announcement. Romulus
excitua,� enim bellum tam vicinura
taking alarm, (for a war to near homt
neque poterat pati dilationem,� educit exercitum,
eould not admit of delay,) leads out his annv.
locat castra mille passuum a Fidenia,
mmd pitches his camp a mile from Fidense.
Ibi relicto modico prsesidio, egrensus omnibus
Having left there a small garrison, marching out with all
oopiis, jussit partem militum
the rest of his forces, he ordered a p wty of h*s soldiers
subsidere in insidiis obscuris loci* circa
to lie in ambush in eoncealed planes about
denea obeita virgulta; profectus cum
thick-eet bushes; then advanoing with
parte majore atque omni equitatu, adequitandc
the greater part of the foot and all the horse, by riding up
A8
[BOOK I,
TITUS LTVIU8.
prope ipsis portis,
almost to the very gates,
pugna
of attack
tumultuoso et minaci genere
in an irregular and menaoing mode
excivit hostem,� id quod qmerebat.
the very thing he wanted.
he drew out the enemy,�
Eadem pnena equestris
The same mode offighting on tkt part of the oavalry
dedit causara fugse,
rendered the cause of the flight,
minus mirabilem:
quoque
likewise
qua
which
et cum,
loss surprising: and when,
velut inter consilium
between the resolutions
referret gradum,
retreated,
simulanda erat,
was to be oounterfeited,
equitatu trepidant*
the oavalry wavering,
pugnse fugseque,
of fight and flight,
hostel
the enemy
plenis portis, impulsa
from the crowded gates, and, having broken
trahuntur ad locum inaidiaruni
are drawn on to the place of a,nb,,Kend*
inatandi sequendique. lnde
to press on and pursue. Cpon thi
exorti subito invadunt liostium aciem
rising suddenly, attack the enemy's line
Signa eorum,
The ensigns of those,
in prsesidio, mota e castris, addunt pavorem :
on guard, advanoing from the camp, further increase the panic :
as it were,
pedes quoque
the infantry also
repente effusi
suddenly rushed
Romana acie,
the Roman line,
studio
m their eagerness
Rornani
the Romans,
transversam.
in flank.
qui relicti fuerant
who had been left bchinu
Fidenates
the Fidenates,
rertunt terga
turn their backs
quique erant
tnd thos* who had yone
ita perculsi
thus dismayed
psene prius
�, Uuost sooner
cum eo
with bim
inultiplici terroru,
with multiplying terrcrt,
quam Romulus,
than Romulus,
equites,
on horseback.
circumagereut equos frenis;
eould wheel their horses round [by the reins;]
paulo ante secuti erant
a little before bad pursued men
que
and
qu*
those, who
repetebant oppidum
esew ra* 1
simulantes,
pretending to fy.
mnlto effusius,�
in n,vnh rreater diftordei
BOOK I.] HISTOBY OF BOUK 40
quippe fuga vera. Non tamen eripuere bo
for their flight wu m earn eat. They did not, however, rid themselvea
hoed; Romanus h arena in tergo
>f the enemy; the Roman kott, pres*ing on their rear,
irrnmpit velut ano agmine, priusquam
rush in » it were in one body,
fines portarum objioerentur.
the gates eould be shat
XV.�Animi Veientium irritati
The minda of the Veientes being exoited
oontagione Fidenatis belli,
oy the oontagioua infinence of the Fidenatian war,
et oonsanguinitate,� nam Fidenates quoque
both from a tit of oonsangninity, (for the Fidenates also
fuerunt Etrusoi,� et quod ipsa propinquitas
were Etrurians,) and because the very proximity
loci, si Romana arma infesta essent
eftitaation, in ease the Roman arma shonld be turned against
omnibus finitimis, stimulabat, excucurrerunt
all their neighbors, urged them on, they made an incursion
in Roman OS fines more populabundi maris quam
on the Roman borders, in the manner of a predatory, rather than
josti belli; itaque non castris positis,
of a regular war; and thna without pitching a camp,
non exspectato hostium exercitu, rediere Veios
or waiting the approach of the enemy's army, they returned to Veii,
portantes prsedam raptam ex agris.
oarrying with <Aewt the booty oollected from the lands
Contra Romanus, postquam non invenil
On the other sine, the Roman (army) when they did not And
hostem in agris, instructus intentusqae
the enemy in the eountry, being prepared for and detemined on
ultima diuiijatioui, transit Tiberim.
a deoisive action, Grossed the Tiber.
Postquam Veientes audiver», qnero
And when the Veientes heard. that the?
50
[book l
TITU8 IJVIU8.
ponere castra,
were forming a oamp,
egressi obviam,
shey oame out to meet them,
et aocessurum
and intended to advance
acie,
quam
than,
In the open field,
dc tectis moenibusque,
from their houses and walls.
ad orbem,
to their tity,
ut potius deoernereut
that they might rather deoide ikt Matter
inclusi dimicarent
being shot up, fight
Ibi Roman in rex vicit,
Here the Roman king got the viotoi y,
viribus adjutis nulla arte, tantum robore
hit power being unassisted by any stratagem, merely by the strength
/eterani exercitus; persecutusque fusos hoetes
of his reteran army; and having pursue
abstinuit urbe,
he made no attempt on the oity,
maris ac munita
by its fortifications and well defended
rediens vastat agroe,
he lays waste their lands,
quam pnedse.
than of booty.
ea clade
by that loss
mittunt oratores Romam
send deputies to Rou,e
id moenia,
lo their walls,
om returning,
nlcisoendi,
of revenge,
subacti
being humbled
adversa pugna,
by the unsuccessful battle,
petitum paoem.
valida
strong at it vxu
ipso situ:
by its very situation
magis studio
more from a desire
Que Veieiites
And the 1
baud minus quam
no less than
Inducue
A truce
in centum annos dat»
for a hundred years was granted
parte agri. Haw
These ,
a part of their land.
domi militiseque Romulo regnante,
t in peace and war daring Romulus' reign,
multatis
, affr being fined
ferme gesta
the prinoipal transactions in peace and war during ]
nihil quorum fuit absonum fidei'
eofwhich was at variance with the belief
divinitatisque credits post mortem,
and his supposed divinity after death;
non animus in recuperando avito regno, non
neither his spirit in recovering his grandfather's kingdom, nor
consilium oondend» urbis, non firmandse
his projeot of building a oity, nor tknt of strengthening *
divinse originis,
in his divine origin
BOOK I.} HISTORY OF ROME.
51
bello ac pace ; enim viribua datis
by tho arf of war and peace ; for by the strength a ttainud
ab illo profecto, tontum valuit, ut in
from that outset mular him, it became m powerful, thet,during
quadraginta annoe deinde haberet
forty year s after, It enjoyed
tutara pacem. Fuit tamen gratior multitudini
"1 pease. He was, however, more in favor with the people,
juam patrihus, longe ante alios acoeptissimus
than with the Ha*ts, and mnch above all others meat beloved
auimis militam; treoentosque, quos
by the soldiers; and three hundred of Ihem, whom
appellavit Celeres, habuit armatob
he e ~
) called Celerea, he kept
ad custodiam corporis, non solum in bello, aed
as a body guard, not only in war, but
in pace etiam.
in pease [also].
XYI.�Editis his immortalibus operibns, cum
After performing these immortal achievments, while
haberet ooncionem in campo ad paludem
ne was holding an assembly in the plain near the lake
Capra ad reoensendum exercitum, subito
of Capra for tko lwysss of reviewing his army, on a sodden
Lempestas coorta cum magno fragore tonitribusque
a storm,having arisen with great thunder and lightning,
operuit regem tam denso nimbo, ut abstulerit
enveloped the king in so dense a mist, that it took
conspectum ejus concioni: nec fuit Romulus
all sigl * of him from the assembly: nor was Romulus
deinde in terris. Pavore
after this torn on earth, [r. 0. 37 l a. o. 716.] The oonsternation
tand<m sedato, serena et tranq^illa lux
having at Hngth subsided, and oalm and serene weather
rediit postquam ex tam turbido die, ubi
returned in raeeession to *o turbulent a day, when
TITU8 LTVIUS.
[book l
Romana pa bee
the Roman youth
proximi,
nearest him,
tamen
yet
obtinuit
they observed
Deinde,
qui steterant
who had stood
procella;
by the storm,
vidit regiam sedein vacuam,
saw the royal seat empty,
etei satis credebat patribus,
though they readily believed the senators,
rap turn sublimem
that he was carried up on high
icta metu velut orbitatis,
struck with the dread, as it were, of orphanage,
moestum silentium
a sorrowful silenee
facto
having beei
initio
Then,
universi
the whole anembly
deo natum,
the son of a deity,
exposcunt pacem
they implore his favor
semper
always
Credo
I believe that
qui taciti arguerent
who silently surmised,
manibus
by the hands
quoqua manavit
also spread,
aliquamdiu.
for quite a time.
a paucis,
by a few,
Romulum deum,
Somulus as a deity,
Romana urbis;
of the Roman eity;
ut volens
that he would be pleased
suam progeniem.
his own offspring.
turn quoque fuisse aliquos,
even then there were some,
regem discerptum
that the king had been torn in pieces
patrum ; enim hsec fama
of the senators; for this rumor
sed perobscura; ad mi ratio
but was little oredited; their admiration
jubent salvere
salute
regem parentemque
the king and parent
preoibus,
with prayers,
propitius sospitet
propitiously to ]
pavor
the oonsternation prevailing
illam alteram.
the other report.
prsesens
at the time,
viri et
of the man, and
nobilitavit
attached importance to
Et consilio
By the oontrivance,
addita fides dicitur
additional oredit is said to have been gained to the matter; for
Proculus Julias,� civitate sollicita desiderio
Proculus Julius, (while the state wot troubled with regret
etiam
also,
unius hominis
of one individua.
re*;
namque
Lj HISTORY OF ROME. 63
regis et infensa patribus,� auctor gra ris,
tor the king, anl feU incensed against the senators,) a person of weighs
at traditar, rei quamvis magnse,
as we are told, in any matter however important,
prodit in concionem, " Quirites," inquit,
erases forward to the assembly, " Romans," he says,
** Romulus, parens hujus urbis repente delapsni
"Romulus, the father of this oity, suddenly descending
ooelo prima luce hodierna dedit se
from heaven at early dawn to-day, presented himself
obvium mihi. Cum adstitissem, perfusus
before me. While I stood oovered
horrore venerabundus, petens precibus,
with awe in a worshiping potters, addressing him with prays�,
ut fas esset intueri contra, inquit,
that I might be allowed to bchold him face to face, he said,
' Abi, nuntia Romania, ooelestes ita velle
'Go, tell the Romans, that the gods so will,
ut mea Soma sit caput orbis terrarum.
that my Rome should beaaim the capital of the world.
Proinde colant rem militarem, sciantque
Therefore let them cultivate the art of war, and be assured
et ita tradant posteris, nullas hnmanas
and hand this assurance down to posterity, that no human
opes posse resistere Romania armis.'
power shall be able to withstand the Roman arms.'
Locutus hsc," inquit, " abiit sublimis."
Speaking thus," [said he,] "he ascended up to heaven.''
Mirum, quantum fidei fuerit illi viro,
A is surprising, how much oredit was otven to the man.
nuntianti hsec; quamque desiderium
an making this announcement; and how muck the regret
Romuli apud plebem exercitumque
for Me (ass of Romulus, on the part of the peop*e and the army,
lenitum sit fide immortalitatis facta.
upon the belief in his immortality being established
54 riTU8 i.ivios. lwklk i
XVII.�Interim cupido ac certamen regni
Meanwhile ambition and eontention for the sovereignty
versabat animos patrum; necdum
actuated the minds of the senators ; and yet no i
a singulis pervenerat, quia in novo
on the part of individuals bad proven successful, because, among a new
populo nemo magnopere eminebat:
people, no one porton was eminently distinguished abort lit rtti
certabatur factionibus inter ordines.
It was a oontest of factions between lit different orders.
Oriundi ab Sabinis volebant regem creari
The descendants of the Sabines wished a king to be eleoted
sui corporis, ne, quia non erat regnatum
tmt of their body, lest, (beoause there had been no king
ab sua parte post mortem Tatii, amitterent
on their side sines the death of Tatius,) they might loss
possessionem imperii in requa societate.
their claim to the crown acoording to lit equal partioipation-frra/e
Romani veteres aspernabantur peregrinum
The old Romans spurned lkt thought of a foreign
regem. In variis voluntatibus, tamen
prince. Amid Mt diversity of views, however,
omnes volebant regnari,
they were all anxious that there thould be a king,
dulcedine libertatis nondum experta. Timor
the sweets of liberty being as yet untasted. Fear
deinde inoessit patres, ne animis multarum
then came upon the senators, lest, the minds of many
circa civitatium irritatis aliqua
of the neighboring states being incensed agaimtt ileats some
externa vis adoriretur civitatem
foreign power might attack the state now
sine imperio, exercitum sine duce;
tthout a government, and the army without a leader
et igitur placebat esse aliquod caput,
and it was therefore their wish, that there efteaM be some head
et nemo induoebat in animum concedere alteri.
nut no one eonld prevail upon himself to give way to anothea
BOOK I.J HI8TORY OF ROMK. 56
Ita centum pa tree consociant rem
Thus the hundred senators shared the government
inter se, decern decuriis factis, singulisque
among themselves, ten deouries being formed, and one
creatis in singulas decurias, qui proeessent
selected from each deoary, who was to have
summ» rerum. Decern imperitabant, unus
the chief direotion of affairs. Ten governed { one only
crat cum insignibus imperii et lictoribus.
was attended with the ensigns of sovereignty and the liotors :
imperium finiebatur spatio quinque dierum,
their power was limited to the spsee of five days,
ac ibat per omnes in orbem, intervallumque
mnd it passed through all in rotation; and the interval between
regni fuit annuum. Ab
a kingly government lasted a year. [u. a S8; 1. c. 714.] From
id re appellatum interregnum, nomen
this eironmstance it was oalled an Interregnum,� a term
quod tenet nunc quoque. Deinde plebs
srhich holds good even now. By this time the people
fremere, servitutem multiplicatam,
began to murmur, that their slavery was multiplied,
centum dominos factoe pro uno;
that a hundred masters were set over tkem instead of one
nec videbantur passuri ultra nisi regem,
and It seemed they would suffer nothing but a king,
et creatum ab ipsis. Cum patre* sensissent
and that too elected by themselves. When the senators perceived.
ea moveri, rati offerendum
that such sekemee were in agitation, judging it prudent to offer them,
ultro, quod amissuri erant, ineunt
tl their own acoord, what they would have to lose, they eonoiliate
gratiam, permissa populo summa potestate
their favor, by granting the people the supreme power,
ita, ut darent non plus juris,
ft In snob a way as to allow them no more privilege,
quam detinerent: enim decreverunt, ut,
than thoy reserved fnr tkemeei-ee t for they decreed that
06 TETU8 LJTIUB. ^BOOK 1.
cum populus jussisset regem, id
when the people should choose a king, that eleeties
ratuni esset sic, si patres auctores fierent.
should be 'valid on thie oondition, if the senate approved
Hodie quoqne idem jus usurpatur
To this day, even, the same right is observed
in legibus rogandisque niagistratibus vi
in enacting lam and Meeting magistrates, thongk its fores
adempta; isquam popnlas Ineat
kat been destroyed ; Jut before the people
suffragium, patres auctores fiunt in
their voting, the senators pronounce their approbation in advance of
incertum even turn comitiorum. Turn interrex,
the get oncertain result of the elections. Then the interns,
advocate concione, inquit, " Quirites,
having called an assembly, said, " Romans,
create regem. quod sit bonum, faustunv
eleot a king, and may it prove prosperous, fortunate
felixque: ita visum est patribus. Deinde
and happy: so it has pleased the fathers. Then,
si crearitis dignum, qui numeretur secundus
if ye choose a person worthy to be esteemed a JU successor
ab Romulo, patres auctores fient." Id
to Romulus, the fathers will oonfirm the choice " This proceeding
fuit adeo gratum plebi, ut, ne viderentur
was so pleasing to the people, that, lest they might appear
victi beneficio, sciscerent juberentque modo id,
to be outdone in generosity, they voted and ordered only this,
ut senatus decerneret, qui regnaret Ronus.
that the senate should determine, who should be king rf Rome.
XV 111.�Justitia religioque Num» Pompilii
The justice and piety of Numa Pompilius
erat ea tempestate inclyta. Habitabat Curibua
were at that time celebrated. He dwelt at Cures,
Sabinis, vir consultissim us, ut quisquam
* city of the S<tbines, being a man as largely experienced, as any one
BOOK I.] HISTORY OP KOME. 57
ilia state poterat, omnia juris huraani atque
in that age oould be, in all laws human and
divini. Falso edunt, Pythagoram Samium
divine. They falsely represent, that Pythagoras of Samos toot
ejus auctorem doctrina, quia exstat non alius;
his teacher in philosophy, beoause there appears no other person
constat amplius centum annoa
ti reftr to; certain it is, acacever, that more than a hundred years
post, Servio Tullio regnunte Rom», queni
after (Ms, akil t Servius Tullius un,t king of Rome, he,
habuisse coetus juvenum »mulantium
(Pglhagoras,) held assemblies of young men, sealously devoted U
studia in ultima ora Italia, circa Metapontum
bis teachings, in the remotest part of Italy, about Metapontns,
Heracleamque et Crotonam. Ex quibus locis,
Heraelea and Croton. But from these places,
etsi fuisset ejuadem atatis, qua fa ma
even if he had lived at the same time, what fame of his
in Sabinos, aut quo commercio lingua
some to the Sabines, or by what interoourse of language
excivisset quemquam ad cupiditatem discendi;
have aroused any one to a desire of learning;
quove prasidio unus pervenisset per
or with what safety oould a single man have made his way through
tot gentes, dissonas sermone moribusquu ?
so many nations, differing in their language and manners ?
Igitur magis opinor, animum fuisse
I, therefore, rather believe, that his mind was
suopte ingenio temperatum virtutibus,
by its very nature furnished with virtucus dispositions,
non tam instructumque peregrinis artibus, quam
sad that he was not so much versed in foreign soiencee, as
tetrica ac triad disciplina veterum Sabiriorum,
m the ooarse and severe disoipline of the anoient Sabines,
quo genere nullum fuit quondam incorruptius.
than which olass none was in former times moro unoorrupted
A.udito nomine Numa, quamquam Romani
On hearing the name of Numa, although the R;nuu
M
[BOOK l*
TITUS IJVIU8.
patres videbantar opes inclinari ad Sabinos,
fathers saw that its balance of power would inoline to 'he Sabines,
rege sumpto inde, tamen, neque quisquain ausi
if% king mere chosen from them, yet, no one presuming
prseferre se, nec alium suse factionis, nec denique
to prefer himself, or any other of hie own party, or, in short,
quemquam patrum aut civium, illi viro, omnes
any one of the fathers or oitisens, to that person, they all,
d unum decernunt regnum deferendum
to a man, resolved that the kingdom should be oonferred on
Numte Pompilio. Accitus jussit,
Numa Pompilios. [u. o. HO, B.O. 713.] Being sent for he ordered that
*icut Romulus oondenda urbe adeptus est
as Romulus, on Ue found*ng of the oity, had obtained
regnum augurato, deos oonsuli
tbe sovereign power by an augury, so the gods should be oonsulted
quoque de se. Inde deductus
in like manner eoncerning himself. Upon this, being eonducted
in arcem ab augure,� cui id sacerdotinm
into the oitadel by an augur, (to which prof�*on that office
fait deinde publicum perpetuumque
was then mda a pnblio ons and perpetual
ergo honoris,� consedit in lapidem
by way of honor,) he sat down on a stone
versus ad meridiem; augur oepit sedem
faeing the south; the augnr took his seat
ad lavam ejus, capite velato, tenens
on Us left, with his head oovered,
dextra manu aduncum baculum sine nodo,
in his right hand a (rooked wand free from knots,
quern appellarunt lituum. Inde, capto prospectu
which they oalled " lituus." Then, taking a view
in urbem agrumque, ubi precatus deos,
owards the oity and oountry, after praying to the gods,
determinavit regiones ab orients ad occasum,
he marked ont the regions from east to west,
ad meridiem dixit esse dextras,
partes
'he parts
BOOK I.J
69
HISTORY OF HOME.
ad septemtrionem
thote toward the north
finivit animo
he Mt out in bis mind
oculi ferebant
bis eyes oould measure
translate lituo in lsevam manuin,
â� avi*| shifted the lituua into his left hand,
Numse,
of Numa,
lsevas;
the left;
iignum,
a sign
conspectum.
the prospect
contra
and in front of Mat
quo longissims
as far as ever
Turn
Then
imposita dextra
laying his right han
precatus ita est:
he prayed in this manner
si est fas, ' huno
if it is thy will, that this
cujus caput ego teneo,
whose head I hold,
uti to adclarassis nobis
do thou, / beeeeek thee, display to us
inter eos fines, quos feci."
within those limits, which I have marked."
verbis auspicia,
in set terms the omens
quibus missis, Nurat
which he wished to be sent; and on their being sent, Numa
deciaratus rex descendit de templo.
king and oame down from the <
in caput
«n thj aaad
" Jupiter pater,
" 0 father Jupiter,
Numam Pompilium,
Numa Pompiliua,
esse regem Romse,
should be king of Rome,
certa signa
olear tokens of the tame
Turn ]>eregit
Then be stated
qu« vellet mitti;
XIX.�Ita potitus regno qui parat
Being thus put in possession of the kingdom, he sets about
eondere de integro, jure legibusque
establishing anew, upon the batie of justice and laws
ac moribus, eam urbem novam conditarv
and morals, the oity, recently established
vi et arm is. Cum videret animos,
hy riolence and arms. When he saw that their minds,
quippe efferari militia non posse assuescere
as being rendered ferooious by military life, oould not grow accastomed
quibus - inter bella, ratus
to these principles in the midst of wars, ke oonclude*
60
[book 1
TITU8 Livrus.
ferocem populum mitigandum desuetudine armorum
that a fierce people should be mollified by the disuse of arms.
Fecit Janum ad infimum Argiletum, indicem
He built the Janus, therefore, at the foot of Argiletum, at an inde*
paois belliqne, ut apertus significant
of peace and war, that, wken open, it might sbon
oivitatem esse in arm is, clansos omnee
the state was engaged in war, ttaea shot, that all
circa populoe pacatoe. Bis
the neighboring nations were at peace with *t. Twice
deinde post regnum Numse fuit clausus, seme!
odIy since the reign of Numa has it been shut, onoa
T. Minlio oonsule, post perfectum primnm
saftea T. Manlins teas eonsul, on the oonclusion of the first
Punicum bellum ; iterum, quod dii dederunt
Punic war; and a seeond time, which the gods granted
nostra setati ut videremus, ab imperatore
our age to see, by the Emperor
Augusto Csesare, post bellum Actiacura,
Augustus Csssar, after the battle of Aotium,
pace parta terra marique. Eo clauso, cum
peace being established on land and sea. This being shot, after
junxisset animos omnium finitimorum circa
he had secured the friendship of all the adjoining states around
societate ac foederibus, cutis periculorum
by alliance and treaties, atf apprchension of dangers
externorum positis, neanimi, quos
from abroad being removed, lest their dispositions, which
metus hostium que militaris disciplina
the fear of enemies and military disoipline
continuerat, luxuriarent otio,
had kitktrto restrained, should grow licentious by tranquillity,
ratus est, primum omnium metum deorum
e oonsidered, that, first of all, an awe of the gods
injiciendum,� rem efficacissimam
should be instilled into (ieas,� a prinoiple of the greatest efficacy
ad multitudinem imperitam, et rudem
with a multitude, ignorant and unsivilimwtf
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