living organisms have the capacity to produce populations of infinite size, but environments and...

Living organisms have the capacity to producepopulations of infinite size, but environments and resources limit population size.

Content Standard 4.3

Biomass is the weightof all the living matter in a particular area.

Any level of a pyramidhas more biomass than the level above it.

Biomass - 1 min

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Everything is connected to everything else.

1

Everything must go somewhere.

2

Nature knows best.

3

There is no such thingas a free lunch.

4

The rate at which solar energy is converted intoorganic compounds.

The units of productivityare kilocalories per square meter per year.

Total amount of energyproduced, including the energy used by plants for their own respiration.

Rate at which plants storeenergy that is NOT used in plant respiration.

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Producers - 9 min

The number of organismsin an area is directlyrelated to the productivityof the area.

What can be said about the productivity of the area?

What can be said about the productivity of the area?

A population is all the members of a species living in the same area.

Biotic potential is the rate at which a population will grow if ...

all individuals survive and reproduce at their maximum capacity.

Biotic potential is a theoretical number that is NEVER realized in nature.

A population growing at such a rate willproduceexponentialgrowth.

Before a population couldreach its biotic potential,resources willgive out and the populationwill CRASH.

Population density refers to the number of individuals in a population in a given areaat a given time.

Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystemis capable of supporting.

Environmental factors limiting population growthare: food, water, oxygen, and living space.

Rate ofPopulationGrowth

= natality - mortality(birth rate) (death rate)

Rate ofPopulationGrowth

= natality - mortality(birth rate) (death rate)

Rate ofPopulationGrowth

= natality - mortality(birth rate) (death rate)

At some point in your life,do you want to have kids?

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What are your reasons?

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Human population growth isNOT a biological imperative,but is culturally determined.

60,000 BP: 1 million40,000 BP: 2.5 million10,000 BP: 10 million 2,000 BP: 250 million 1850: 1 Billion 1930: 2 Billion 1960: 3 Billion 1974: 4 Billion 1986: 5 Billion 1999: 6 Billion

60,000 BP: 1 million40,000 BP: 2.5 million10,000 BP: 10 million 2,000 BP: 250 million 1850: 1 Billion 1930: 2 Billion 1960: 3 Billion 1974: 4 Billion 1986: 5 Billion 1999: 6 Billion

80 years

30 years

14 years12 years13 years

264 million years

In the last 50 years, we haveconsumed more of Earth'sresources than in all ofprevious history combined!

World population today is 6.5 Billion.

World population is predicted to reach 7 Billion onOctober 18, 2012.

World population is predicted to reach 9 Billion by 2050.

What type of growthdoes this graph show?

What happens to apopulation experiencingexponential growth?

CRASH

It is estimated that humanity is currently consuming earth's resources 20% faster than they can be sustained.

China has the largest populationtoday.

India's populationis predicted topass China's in 2025.

The natural carrying capacity of the planet is roughly10 million people.

How is the Earthsupporting 6.5 billion people today?

Earth's carrying capacity wasartificially increased by theintroduction of agricultureroughly 10,000 years ago.

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impuritiesthat produceundesirablechanges in anecosystem.

Pollution

There are twobasic types ofpollutants:

are subject to decay bymicroorganisms.

Biodegradable Pollutants

These pollutantswill eventuallybe recycled bythe ecosystem.

Biodegradable Pollutants

cannot be decomposed bymicroorganisms.

Non-biodegradable Pollutants

These pollutantswill NEVER be recycled by naturalprocesses.

Non-biodegradable Pollutants

• Domestic• Agriculture• Industrial

Three Basic Sourcesof Pollution

Domestic sourcesinclude:

paints, oils,garbage, andtrash.

Agricultural sourcesinclude:

fertilizer, pesticides,and animalwastes.

Industrial sourcesinclude:

acids, oils,heavy metals,and otherchemicals.

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Everything must go somewhere.

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Paper and Cardboard18%

Kitchen Waste18%

Garden Waste21%

3%Metal Packaging

Dense Plastic 4%

Plastic film 3%

Domestic Trash

Glass 7%

4 kg of paperper household

per week

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Paper and Cardboard18%

Kitchen Waste18%

Garden Waste21%

3%Metal Packaging

Dense Plastic 4%

Plastic film 3%

Which one makes themost recycle sense?

Glass 7%

4 kg of paperper household

per week

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Paper and Cardboard18%

Kitchen Waste18%

Garden Waste21%

3%Metal Packaging

Dense Plastic 4%

Plastic film 3%

Which one ismost recycled?

Glass 7%

4 kg of paperper household

per week

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In 2003, 54 billion cans were recycled, saving the energy equivalent of 15 million barrels of crude oil -

America's entire gas consumption for one day.

It costsMOREto use

recycledpaper thanprocess

wood intopaper!

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There are 20 plastic containers on the lab bench.

Put them in their proper plastic group.

PlasticResinCodes

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PolyethyleneTerephthalate

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Use: Soft drink and mouthwash bottles.

Recycle: Soft drink and soap bottles, paint brushes, tennis balls, carpets, egg cartons, and boats.

High DensityPolyethylene

Use: Milk, water, and juice jugs, liquid detergent bottles, some toys, and some grocery bags.

Recycle: Soft drink bottle base cups, stadium seats, trash cans, traffic cones, and toys.

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Polyvinyl Chlorideor just "Vinyl"

Use: Clear food packaging and shampoo bottles.

Recycle: Floor mats, pipes, and hose.

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Low DensityPolyethylene

Use: Bread bags, grocery bags, and frozen food bags.

Recycle: Trash can liners and grocery bags.

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Polypropylene

Use: Ketchup bottles, yogurt cups, margarine tubs, and medicine bottles.

Recycle: Paint buckets, cassette cases, ice scrapers, lawnmower wheels, and auto battery cases.

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Polystyrene

Use: CD jackets, coffee cups, knives, forks, spoons, food trays,

fast foot sandwich containers.

Recycle: Desk-top accessories, file folders, food trays, flower pots, trash cans, cassette holders.

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OtherThis code indicates that theobject is made with a resinother than the normal 6, oris made of a combination ofresins in a multi-layercombination.

Recycle: Bottles, plastic lumber applications.

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Acid rain is producedby burning fossil fuelsthat have a high sulfur content.

While all fossil fuels contain some sulfur,coal has the most.

Acid rain not only harmsplants and animals, it alsocorrodes constructionmaterials, such asmetal and stone.

The chemistry involvedin forming acid rain is quite complex, involving several steps:

Fuels containing sulfurburn to producesulfur dioxide

SO2

1

Sulfur dioxide combines withoxygen in the air to producesulfur trioxide

SO3

2

Sulfur trioxide combines withwater in the air to producesulfuric acid

H2SO4

3

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Earth's Average Temperature

1880 - 2000

Earth's Average Temperature

1880 - 2000

1/2 degree risein average temp

Thousands of Years (B.P.)

18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Earth's Average Temperature

Tem

per

atu

re C

han

ge

(oC

)

2

0

-2

-4

The USA has only4% of the worldpopulation,

but produces25% of the worldgreenhouse gasses

During October, the trees removed the greatest amount of

A. ozoneB. particulatesC. NO2

D. SO2

The graph covers

A. one monthB. ten monthsC. one yearD. ten years

Which group on the pyramid has the largest biomass?

A. BassB. MinnowsC. CopepodsD. Algae

Which group on the pyramid has the largest population?

A. BassB. MinnowsC. CopepodsD. Algae

Which of the following best explains the results on the graph since 1991.

A. the deer population increasedB. the farmer bought a tractorC. the farmer began fertilizing his fieldsD. the cotton rat population decreased

The carrying capacity of the ecosystem on WallaWalla Island is

A. 100 deerB. 80 deerC. 60 deerD. 20 deer

Which population is the predator?

A. population AB. population BC. both A and BD. neither A nor B

This pyramid is based on the number of individuals in a given ecosystem. Which of these best describes the ecosystem represented by the pyramid?

• a freshwater pondB. an open prairie fieldC. an oak treeD. a backyard garden

A poor corn harvest in which of these countries would have thegreatest affect on world corn prices?

A. BrazilB. ChinaC. ArgentinaD. South Africa

Which of the graphs below represents exponential population growth?

Which of these best describes the datashown on the graph?A. Most people use natural gas to heat their homes in the winter.B. Most people use natural gas to cool their homes in the summer.C. More natural gas is used in the summer than in the winter.D. Natural gas consumption increases during warm months.