list of abbreviations -...
Post on 30-Apr-2020
31 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
[xi]
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AC : Appeal Cases
AD : Apex Decisions
All. : Allahabad
All.E.R. : All England Law Reports
AIR : All India Reporters
Am.J.Com.L. : American Journal of
Comparative Law
Art. : Article
ASIL : Annual Survey of Indian Law
Bom.L.R. : Bombay Law Reporter
CAD : Constituent Assembly Debates
Camb. L.J. : Cambridge Law Journal
Transitional Law
CB : Constitutional Bill
CID : Crime Investigation
Department
C.J. : Chief Justice
CLR : Common Law Reporter
Col.J. : Columbia Journal of Law.
Cr.PC. : Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973
Delhi L.R : Delhi Law Review
DGP : Director General of Police
[xii]
DLT : Delhi Law Times
G.L.R. : Gujarat Law Reports
Harv. L.R. : Harvard Law Review
HT : Hindu Times
ILR. : Indian Law Reports
ILI : Indian Law Institute
IPC : Indian Penal Code 1860
IG : Inspector General of Police
J. : Justice
JT : Judgments Today
LQR : Law Quarterly Review
MANU : Manupatra Online
PIL : Public Interest Litigation
P & H : Punjab & Haryana
Prof. : Professor
SC : Supreme Court
SCC : Supreme Court Cases
SCJ : Supreme Court Journal
SCR : Supreme Court Reporter
SCW : Supreme Court Weekly
Supp. : Supplement
U.P. : Uttar Pradesh
UK : United Kingdom
US : United States
v. : versus
[xiii]
LIST OF LATIN & FRENCH TERMS
Audi Alteram Partem The rule of law that no man
should be condemned unheard.
A priori First.
Certiorari A writ by which a higher court
reviews a case tried in lower
court.
Ex-Post Facto With retrospective action or
force.
Habeous Corpus A writ requiring a person to be
brought before a judge or into
court especially to investigate the lawfulness of their
detention.
Inter alia Among other things.
Ipso Facto By that very fact or act.
Inter se Among themselves.
Lex Law
[xiv]
Locus Standi The right or capacity to bring
an action or to appear in a
court.
Mandamus A judicial writ issued to
perform a public statutory
duty.
Nemo debet bis vexari No one should be twice
harassed for the same cause.
Obiter Dictum A judged expression of
opinion uttered in quote or
giving judgment, but not essential to the decision and
therefore not binding.
Per se By or in itself or themselves.
Prima facie At the first sight, on the first
appearance, on the face of it,
so far as can be judged from
the first disclosure.
Pro bono publico Denoting legal work
undertaken without charge,
especially for a client on low income.
[xv]
Ratio decidendi The ground or reason of
decision. The point in a case which determines the
judgment.
Stare decisis The legal principle of
determining points in litigation
according to precedents.
Status quo The existing state of affairs.
Ultra vires Beyond one‟s legal power or
authority.
[xvi]
TABLE OF CASES
A
Sr.
No.
Cases Name Page No.
01. A.B.S.K.Sangh (Rly.) v. Union of India AIR 1981 SC
298
150,155
02. A.Jayachandra v. Aneel Kaur (2005) 2 SCC 22 276
03. A.K.Gopalan v. State of Madras AIR 1950 SC 27 76,80,91,
93,96,144,
177,239,245
04. A.K.Thakur v. Union of India (2008) SCALE 1. 208
05. A.M.Mathur v. Parmod Kumar Gupta; AIR 1990 SC
1737
56,222
06. ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla AIR 1976 SC 1207 54,96,144
07. All India Judges Associations v. Union of India AIR
1992 SC 165
274
08. Anisminic Ltd. v. Foreign Compensation Commission
(1969) 2 A.C 147
164,246
09. Anug Garg v. Hotel Association of India (2008) 3 SCC
1
208
10. Aravali Golf Club case (2008) 1 SCC 683 218,219,235
11. Asif Hameed v. State of J & K AIR 1989 SC 1899 131
12. Associated Provincial Pictures Ltd. v. Wednesbury
Corp. (1948) 1 KB 223
164
13. Attorney General v. Gouriet (1977) 3 All E.R 70 246
B
14. Babu v. State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1965 SC 1467 185
15. Balaji v. Mysore AIR 1963 SC 649 80
16. Baker v. Carr 369 US 186 (1962) 234,247
17. BALCO Employees‟ Union (Regd.) v. Union of India
(2000) 10 SCC 664 : 2000 Supp (2) JT 6
08,225
18. Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India 1984 1 SCC
161, 234
07,102,177
192,300
19. Barium Chemicals v. Company Law Board AIR 1967 180
[xvii]
SC 295
20. Bhim Singh v. State of Jammu & Kashmir AIR 1986
SC 494
178
21. Bhagwar Das v. Kartar Singh AIR 2007 SC 2045 317
22. Bodhisattwa Gautam v.Subhra Chakraborty (1996) 1
SCC 490
192
23. Brown v. Allen 344 US 443-540 (1944) 69
24. Brown v. Board of Education 347 US 483 (1954): 98
L.Ed. 873
32,65,167,240
C
25. Central Inland Water Transport Corp. v. Brojo Nath
Ganguly AIR 1986 SC 1571
103
26. Chandra Bhavan Boarding & Lodging, Banglore v.
State of Mysore 1990 SC 2042
294
27. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India AIR 1997 SC 1125 60
28. Chhetriya Pradushan Mukti Sanghaarsh Vahini v.
State of U.P. (1989) 3 JT G85 : AIR 1990 SC : (1990)
4 SCC 449
225,227
29. Chief Constable v. Evans 1982 (3) ALL E.R.141 171
30. Chitralekha v. State of Mysore AIR 1964 SC 1823 80
31. Collector of Customs & Central Excise v. Oriental
Timber Industries AIR 1985 SC 746
186
32. Common Cause v. Union of India AIR 1996 SC 929 272,304,
305,306
33. Consumer Education & Research Centre v. Union of
India(1995) 3 S.C.C. 42
192
34. Cooper v. Union of India AIR 1970 SC 564 128
35. Cooper v. Wands worth Board of Works (1863) 14
CBNS 180
249
D
36. Daniel Latifi v. Union of India (2001) 7 SCC 740 105
37. Delhi Development Authority v. Skipper Construction
Co. Ltd. (1996) 4 SCC
273
38. D S Nakara v. Union of India AIR 1983 SC 130 280
39. D.C.Works Ltd. v. Jai Narain AIR 1957 SC 264 184,271
[xviii]
40. D.K.Basu v. State of West Bengal AIR 1997 SC 3017 13,153,178
41. Darshan Singh v. State of Punjab AIR 1953 SC 83 183,197
42. Debu v. State of Maharashtra (2000) 8 SCC 437 104
43. Delhi Domestic Working Women‟s Forum v. Union of
India & others SCC 14
153
44. Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking v. Basanti Devi
2000 SC 43
186,187
45. Delhi Judicial Service Assoc. v. State of Gujarat AIR
1991 SC 2176
04
46. Delhi Oleum Leakage Case AIR 1987 SC 965 260
47. Delhi Transport Cooperation v. D.T.C Mazdoor
Congress AIR 1991 SC 101
251
48. Dinesh Kumar and others v. Motilal Nehru Medical
College, Allahabad and Others AIR 1985 SC 1059
212,280
49. Dinesh Trivedi v. Union of India (1997) 4 SCC 306 273
50. Dred Scott v. Sandford 19 Hav 393 (1857) 167,240,254
51. Dr. Borham‟s Case (1610) 165
52. Dwaraka Prasad Laxmi Narain v. State of U.P. (1954)
SCR 803
174,253
E
53. E.R.Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu AIR 1974 SC555 76
F
54. Fertilizer Corporation Kamgar Union v. Union of
India AIR 1981 SC 344
255
55. Francis Coralie v. Union Territory of Delhi AIR 1981
SC 746
192
G
56. Gampers v. US 233 US 604 246
57. Ganga Water Pollution Case (1988) SCC 41 271
58. G.B.Pant University of Agriculture & Technology v.
State of UP 2007 7 SCC 109
104
59. Gaurav Jain v. Union of India AIR 1990 292 152,273
[xix]
60. Govind v. State of M.P. AIR 1975 SC 1378: (1975) 2
SCC 148
94
61. Gujarat Steel Tubes v. Mazdoor Sabha 1980 SC1896
at 1923
251
H
62. H.B.gandhi, Excise and Taxation Officer cum
Assessing Autjority v. Gopi Nath & Sons (1992) Supp
(2) SCC 312
180
63. High Court. Syedna Taher v. State of Bombay AIR
1958 SC 83
183
64. Hindustani Aeronautics Ltd. v. Dan Bahudur Singh &
others (2007) 6 SCC 207
235
65. Hindustani Andolan and ors v. State of Punjab AIR
1984 SC 582
230
66. Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary, Bihar (1980)
1 SCC 98
151,271
I
67. Icchu Devi v. Union of India 1980 SCC 531 152
68. Indian Council for Enviro – Legal Action v. Union of
India (1996) 3 SCC 212
103,155
69. Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain AIR 1975 SC
2299
04,10,55,
60,130,133,144
70. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India AIR 1993 SC 477 70,169
71. IR.Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu 2007 (1) SC 137 135
72. Islamic Academic of Education & Anr. v. State of
Karnataka (2003) 6 SCC 697
155
73. Ismail Farrouqui v. Union of India, (1994) 6 SCC
360.
82
J
74. Janata Dal v. H.S.Chowdary AIR 1993 SC 892 223,226
75. Jay Kumar v. State of M.P (1999) 5 SCC 1 298
76. Joginder Kumar v. State of UP and others 1994 SCC
260
152
[xx]
K
77. K.Veeraswami v. Union of India (1991) 3 SCC 655 273
78. Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab AIR 1967 SC 1643 317
79. Kameshwar Singh v. State of Bihar AIR 1951 Pat 91 253
80. Kanoria Chemicals & Industries Ltd. v. Uttar
Pradesh State Electricity Board (1997) 5 SCC 772
180
81. Kasturilal v. State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1965 SC
1039
251,255
82. Kehar Singh v. Union of India AIR 1989 SC 653 280
83. Keshavanand Bharti v. State of Kerala AIR 1973 SC
1461
9,21,53,
55,59,77,
81,87,132,
137,142
143,145,
197,242,254,
263
267,279,
301
84. Kharak Singh v. State of U.P AIR 1963 SC 1295 93,192,271
85. Khatri v. State of Bihar AIR 1981 SC 1068 177,299
86. Khyerbari Tea Co. v. State of Assam AIR 1964 C
925
176
87. Kihota Hollohon v. Zachillu L. (AIR 1993 SC 412) 60,280
88. Kishanlal v. State of Haryana AIR 1980 SC 1252
(1980) SCC 150
259
89. Korematsu v. US 214 (1944) 267
90. Kuchunni v. State of Madras AIR 1959 SC 725 176,177
91. Kunhayammed v. State of Orissa AIR 2000 SC 2587 185
92. Kunhikoman v. State of Kerala AIR 1962 SC 723 85
L
93. L.C.Golaknath v. State of Punjab AIR 1967 SC 1643 9,81,85
87,143
173,251,
261,305
[xxi]
94. L.Chandra Kumar v. Union of India AIR 1997 SC
1125
168
95. Laxmi Kant Pandey v. Union of India, AIR 1987 SC
232
13,152,156
303,305
96. Liversidge v. Anderson (1942) AC. 205 (1941) ALL
E.R.2 612
162,163,164,26
7
97. Lochner v. New York 198 US 45 (1904) 167,246
M
98. M.C Mehta v. Kamal Nath (1997) 1 SCC 388 155
99. M.C. Sharma v. The Punjab University , Chandigarh
AIR 1997 P&H 87
181
100. M.C.Mehta (Taz trapezium Matter) v. Union of India
(1997) 2 SCC 87
155
101. M.C.Mehta v. State of Tamilnadu AIR 1991 SC 417 271
102. M.C.Mehta v. Union of India (1986) 2 SCC 176 155,288
103. M.C.Mehta v. Union of India (1987) 4 SCC 463 103,178,259
271,300
104. M.C.Mehta v. Union of India (1988) 1 SCC 471 78,271
105. M.C.Mehta v. Union of India AIR 2006 SC 1325 :
(2006) 3 SCC 399
213
106. M.C.Mehta v. Union of India, (1996) 6 SCC 756 78,157
107. Madhav Rao Scindhia v. Union of India AIR 1971
SC 530
254,262
108. Madhu Kishwar v. State of Bihar, (1996) 5 SCC 125
: AIR 1996 SC 1864
232
109. Mahindra Lal Jaini v. State of U.P AIR (1963) SC
1019
174
110. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India AIR 1978 SC 597;
(1978) 1 SCC 248
21,25,53,76
91,93,100,
101,146,147,
155,239,245,
[xxii]
287,291,294
111. Mani Shankar Pandey v. Union of India (2006) 1 MP
JR-CG-25
225
112. Mansukhlal Vittal Das Chauhan v. State of Gujarat
AIR 1997 SC 3400
235
113. Marbury v. Madison (1803) U.S. 1 Cranch 137, 2d.
60
46,65,123,
164,254,282
114. Melbourne Corporation v. Commonwealth (1947) 74
C.L.R 31
247
115. Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India AIR 1980 SC
1789: (1980) 3 SCC 625
101,142,168,
173,239,242
255,270,281
301
116. Miranda v. Arizona 384 US 436 (1966) 246
117. Mohd. Aslam v. Union of India AIR 1996 SC 1611 176
118. Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka & Ors (1992) 3
SCC 666
155,274
119. Motion v. Union of India & Ors. 139 (2007) DLT
244
276
120. Motiram and others v. State of M.P AIR 1978 SC
1594
151
121. Muller v. Oregon US 412 246
122. Mukesh Advani v. State of Madhya Pradesh AIR
1985 SC 1363
102
123. Mumbai Kamgar Sabha v. Abdul Bhai AIR 1976 SC
1465
21
124. Municipal Council of Ratlam v. Vardichan AIR 1980
SC 1622
280
125. Murray‟s Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement
Co.(1856)
123
N
126. Nakkuda Ali v. Jayarathe (1951) AC 66 163
127. Nandjee Singh (Dr.) v. P.G. Medical Student‟s
Association AIR 1993 SC 2264 : 1993 (3) SCC 400
227,229
[xxiii]
128. Nar Singh v. Union of India AIR 2000 SC 1401 190
129. Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India (2000) 10
SCC 664 : 2000 Supp (2) JT 6
226
130. National Textile Workers Union v. P.R.Ramakrishna
AIR 1983 SC 75
294
131. National Workers Union v. P.R. Ramakrishnan AIR
1983 SC 75
103
132. Neelu Kohli v. Naveen Kohle AIR 2004 All. 1 276
133. Nilabati behera v. State of Orissa (1993) 2 SCC 746 152,181,271
O
134. Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation AIR
1986 SC 180 : (1985) 3 SCC 545
157,192
P
135. P.A.Inamdar & Ors. v. State of Maharashtra & Ors
(2005) 6 SCC 537
155
136. Padfield v. Minister of Agrl, Fisheries and Food
(1968) 1 ALL.E.R 694
163,246
137. Pashim Bangel Khet Mazdoor Samiti v. State of West
Bengal AIR 1996 SC 2426
178
138. Pedda Narayana v. State of Uttar Padesh AIR 1975 SC
1252
183
139. Peoples Union of Democratic Republic v. Union of
India AIR 1982 SC 149
192,255,
295,300
140. Plessy v. Fergerson 163 US 537(1986) 65
141. Pomal Kanji Govindji v. Vrajlal Karsandas Purohit
AIR 1989 SC 436
103
142. Prabha Dutt v. Union of India AIR 1982 SC 6 271
143. Pradeep Kumar Jain v. Union of India AIR 1985 SC
1420
212,280,302
144. Praduman Singh v. State of Punjab AIR 1958 Punj 63 161
145. Prag Ice & Mills v. Union of India AIR 1973 SC 289 90
146. Prakash Singh v. Union of India (2006) 8 SCC 1 154,275
[xxiv]
147. Prem Chand Garg. v. Excise Commissioner, U.P AIR
1963 SC 996
175
148. P.Ramachandra Rao v. State of Karnataka (1996) 4
SCC 33
305
149. Premshankar Shukla v. Delhi Adminstration AIR 1980
SC 1535
151,271
150. PUCL v. Union of India (1997) 3 SCC 433 153,178,28,
317
R
151. Re Kerala Education Bill,1959 SCR 995 155
152. Re Keshav Singh AIR 1965 SC 745 03,10,59,94
153. Re Special Reference AIR 1999 SC 1 83
154. Re Vinay Chandra Mishra (1995) 2 SCC 584 82
155. R.C.Cooper v. Union of India AIR 1970 SC 564 87,254,262
156. R.K Jain v. Union of India 1993 (4) SCC 119 168
157. R.K.Garg v. Union of India (1981) 4 SCC 675 229
158. Raja Ram Pal v. Hon. Speaker, Lok Sabha (2007) 3
SCC 184
129
159. Rajasthan State Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal AIR
1967 SC 1857
180
160. Rajinder Chand v. Sukti AIR 1957 SC 286 184
161. Ram Jawaya v. State of Punjab AIR 1955 SC 549 127,132
162. Ramesh Autyanyprasi v. Union of India AIR 1989 SC
549
225,228
163. Ramesh Chandra v. Savitri (1995) 2 SCC 7 276
164. Ramsharan Autyanuprasi v. Union of India 1989
Suppl (1) SCR 251 : AIR 1987 SC 549
225
165. Ratlam Municipality v. Virdichand AIR 1980 SC 162 33
166. Raunaq International Ltd. v. IVR Construction Ltd
(1999) 1 SCC 492
231
167. Ridge v. Baldwin (1964) AC 40 163,246
168. Rossminster v. Inland Revenue Commissioners (1980)
1 All E.R 80
246
[xxv]
169. Rural Litigation & Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P
(1985) 2 SCC 431
271
S
170. Saheli v. Commissioner of Police AIR 1990 SC 513 256,300
171. Secretary of State Education v. Tame side M.B.C.
(1976) 3 W.L.R. 641
256
172. S.C.Chandra & Ors. v. State of Jharkhand AIR 2007
SC 3021
273
173. S.Jagannath v. Union of India (1997) 2 SCC 87 154
174. S.Nagaraj v. State of Karnataka (1993) Supp. (4)
SCC 595
177
175. S.P.Anand v. H.D.Deve Gowda (1996) 6 SCC 734 223
176. S.P.Gupta and others v. President of India and others
AIR 1982 SC 149
33,150,255,
259,300
177. S.P.Gupta v. Union of India AIR 1982 SC 149 08,189,192
178. S.P.Sampat Kumar v. Union of India (1987) 1 SCC
124 : AIR 1987 SC 386
280,281
179. S.R.Bommai v. Union of India 1994 (3) SCC 1 169,170
180. Sachidanand Pandey v. State of West Bengal (1987)
2 SCC 295 : AIR 1987 SCC 1109
225,231,260
181. Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan AIR 1965 SC 845 81,86,143,
179,261
182. Salal Hydro Electric Project v. State of Jammu and
Kashmir AIR 1984 SC 177
260
183. Sakal Newspapers Private Ltd. v. Union of India AIR
1962 SC 305
80
184. Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India (1995) 3 SCC 635 83
185. Satwant Singh v. Asst. Passport Officer AIR 1967
SC 1836
95,145
186. Secretary of State Education v. Tame side M.B.C
(1976) 3 W.L.R 641
246
187. Shankari Prasad v. Union of India AIR1951 SC 458 09,81,86,261
188. Shantabhai v. State of Maharashtra AIR 1958 SC 532 176
[xxvi]
189. Sharma Prashant v. Ganpat Rao AIR 2000 SC 3094 180
190. Sheela Barse v. Union of India AIR 1988 SC 2211 35,56,152,259
191. Sodan Singh v. NDMC (1998) 2 SCC 727 273
192. Southern Pacific Co. v. Jensen 244 U.S 205 , 221
(1917)
245,250
193. Sreelekha Vidyarthi v. State of U.P. AIR 1991 SC
537
169
194. Sri Sankri Prasad Singh Deo v. State of Bihar 1952
SCR 89
143,155
195. Srikant Jituri v. Corp. of Belguam (1996) 6 SCC 572 179
196. St. Stephen‟s College & Ors. v. University of Delhi
& others (1992) 1 SCC 558
155
197. State Bank of India v. N.Sundara Money AIR 1976
SC 1111
184
198. State of Bihar v. Balmukund Shah AIR 2000 SC
1296
04
199. State of Bihar v. Kameshwar Singh AIR 1952 SC
352
84,142
200. State of Bihar v. Kamlesh Jain 1993 Supp (2) SCC
300 : 1992 (3) Scale 67
229
201. State of Bihar v. Union of India AIR 1970 SC 1446 182
202. State of Bombay v. F.N.Balsara AIR 1951 SC 318 174
203. State of Haryana v. Premchand AIR 1990 SC 538 256,257
204. State of J & K v. Swami Sachchidanand
S.C.S.Prnanand (1999) 2 SCC 501 : AIR 1999 SC
1432
228
205. State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale 1992 (3)
Scale 339
104
206. State of Karnataka v. State of Andhra Pradesh AIR
2001 SC 1560
182
207. State of Karnataka v. Union of India AIR 1978 SC
143
182
208. State of Madhya Pradesh v. M.V.Vyavasaya & Co.
AIR 1997 SC 993
180
209. State of Madras v. Chapakam Dorairajan AIR 1951
SC 228
141,155
210. State of Madras v. V.G.Row AIR 1952 SC 196 172
211. State of Punjab v. Rajesh Syal AIR 2002 SC 3687 04
[xxvii]
212. State of Rajasthan v. Prakash Chand AIR 1998 SC
1344 ; (1998) 1 SCC 1;(1997) 7 Scall 411
222
213. State of Rajasthan v. M.S Vidhyavati AIR 1962 SC
1039
256
214. State of Rajasthan v. Union of India AIR 1977 SC
1361-1413
281,299
215. State of U.P. v. Jeet Singh Bisht (2007) 6 SCC 586 275
216. State of West Bengal v. Subodh Gopal AIR 1954 SC
92
253
217. State of West Bengal and Ors. v. Sampat Lal, (1985)
1 SCC 317 : AIR 1985 SC 195
230,273
218. State of West Bengal v. Beta Banerjee AIR 954 SC
170
253
219. Sukhdev v. Bhagat Ram AIR 1975 SC 1331 180
220. Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration AIR 1980 SC
1759
21,147,149,
151,155,192
271
221. Supreme Court Advocates on Record Assn. v. Union
of India (1993) 4 SCC 44
83
222. Supreme Court Bar Association v. Union of India
AIR 1998 SC 1895.
82,173,187
223. Switzman v. Elbling & Attorney General , Quebc
(1957) 7 D.L.R 337
247
224. Syam Sunder Kohli v. Sushma Kohli (2007) 7 SCC
747
183,276
T
225. The Ahmedabad St. Xavier‟s Society & Anr. v. State
of Gujarat (1974) 1 SCC 717
155
226. T.M.A Pai Foundation & Ors. v. State of Karnataka
& Ors (2002) 8 SCC 481
155,273
227. T.N.Rugmani v. C.Acchuta Menon AIR 1991 SC
983 : (1991) Supp 1 SCC 520
225
228. Tamil Nadu State Electricity Board v. Sumathi AIR
2000 SC 1603
180
229. Tata Cellular v. Union of India AIR 1996 SC 11 170,171
230. The Ganga Water Pollution Case (1988) SCC 41 271
[xxviii]
231. Tuka Ram v. State AIR 1989 SC 937 257
U
232. U.P.Financial Corporation v. M/s Gem Cap (India)
Pvt.Ltd. AIR 1993 SC 1435 at 1439
180
233. Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India AIR
1992 SC 248
04,260,273
234. Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms
(2002) 5 SCC 294
272
235. Union of India v. Jyoti Prakesh Mitter AIR 1972 SC
1093
129
236. Union of India v. Raghubir Singh (1989) 2 SCC 754 102,200,279
237. United States v. Butter 297 US 1 atp.87 (1937) 77
238. University of Kerala v. Council of principles of
Colleges (2009) 16 SCC 712
305,306
239. Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1993) 1
SCC 645
143,155,157,
274
V
240. Vajravelu v. Special Deputy Collector AIR 1965 SC
1017
85,254
241. Vellore Citizens‟ Welfare Forum v. Union of India
(1996) 5 SCC 281
103
242. Vidhyawati case AIR 1962 SC 993 255
243. Vineet Narain v. Union of India AIR 1996 SC 3386 34,154,272,304
244. Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan (1997) 6 SCC 241 10,13,45,60,
68,78,153,
156,192,197,
272,275,
288,293,303,
306
245. Vishnu Dutt Sharma v. Manoj Sharma Civil Appeal
No.1330 09 arising out of SLP© No. 13166/07
276
[xxix]
246. Vishwa Jagriti Mission v. Central Government JT
2001 (6) SC 151
273,304
W
247. Waman Rao v. Union of India AIR 1981 SC 271 266,284
248. Workers of Rohtas Industries v. Rohtas Industries Ltd
AIR 1990 SC 481
280
[xxx]
CONTENTS
TITLE P.NO.
Certificate (ii)
Declaration (iii)
Acknowledgement (iv)
Preface (vii)
Abbreviations (xi)
List of Latin & French Terms (xiii)
Table of cases (xvi)
Contents (xxx)
1. Introduction 1 -27
1.1 Prelude 1
1.2 Some Important Developments 9
1.3 Area of Concern 10
1.4 Object of the Study 11
1.5. Relevance of the Study 12
1.6 Significance of the Study 12
1.7 Utility of the Study 13
1.8 Rationale of the Study 13
1.9 Scope of the study 14
1.10 Hypotheses of the Study 14
1.11 Research Methodology 15
1.12 Limitations of the Study 17
1.13 Literature Review 17
1.14 Review of the Chapters 19
[xxxi]
2. Conceptualization of terms and expressions 28-58
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 Meaning of Judicial Activism 29
2.3 Definition 33
2.4 Kinds of Judicial Activism 37
2.5 Methods of Judicial Activism 38
2.6 Law 39
2.7 Law & Justice 39
2.8 Interpretation of Statute law 41
2.9 The legislature and the judge 41
2.10 The role of case law 42
2.11 The Constitutional aspect 43
2.12 Meaning of terms and expression 45
2.12.1.1 Judicial Activism 45
2.12.1.2 Judicial Power 45
2.12.1.3 Judicial Policy Making 45
2.12.1.4 Judicial Review 46
2.12.1.5 Judicial Restraint 46
2.12.1.6 Constitutionalism 46
2.12.1.7 Separation of Powers 47
2.12.1.8 Public interest litigation 47
2.12.1.9 Writs 48
2.12.1.10 Independence of judiciary 50
2.12.1.11 Checks & balances of judicial
Activism
51
2.12.1.12 Rule of law 52
2.12.1.13 Judicial Accountability 55
2.12.1.14 Judicial Passivism 57
2.13 Findings
58
[xxxii]
3. Evolution & Growth of Judicial Activism in
India
59-109
3.1 Background 59
3.2 Meaning of „Judicial Activism‟ 61
3.3 Various Theories of Concept of Judicial
Activism
63
3.4 Origin of the Concept of Judicial Activism 64
3.5 Reasons for the Rise and Growth of
Judicial Activism 66
3.6 A Frame work for the Analysis of Judicial
Activism
73
3.7 Different Dimensions of Judicial Activism 75
3.8 Judicial Activism in India : its Origin
and Development 79
3.9 Typical Examples of Judicial Activism in
India
81
3.10 Judicial Activism in India before, 1980‟s 83
3.11 A Random survey of Judicial Behaviour
Before 1980‟s
84
3.12 Post Emergency Development of Judicial Activism
101
3.13 Findings 108
4. „Separation of Powers‟ and the Indian
Constitution
110-135
4.1 Background 110
4.2 Meaning of Separation of Powers 112
4.3 Importance of the Doctrine 113
4.4 Origin of „Separation of Powers‟ 113
4.5 Montesquieu‟s Theory of Separation of
Powers
115
4.6 Separation of Powers: The True Precept 118
4.7 Separation of Powers in USA and UK 121
[xxxiii]
4.8 Separation of Powers and the Indian
Constitution
126
4.9 Separation of Powers and Judicial
pronouncements in India 132
4.10 Findings 133
5.
Scope for „Judicial Activism‟ under the
Scheme of Indian Constitution
136-199
5.1 Background 136
5.2 Role of Judiciary 138
5.2.1 Conventional Role of Judiciary 139
5.2.2 Role Assigned by the Constitution 140
5.2.3 Limitation of the Judiciary 140
5.2.4 Enhanced Role of Indian Judiciary 141
5.2.5 Changed Judicial Trend in
Interpretation Provision
147
5.2.6 Activist Role 155
5.2.7 Criticism of Activist Role of
Judiciary
157
5.3 Position of Judiciary under the Indian
Constitution
158
5.4 „Judicial Review‟ under Indian Constitution 159
5.4.1 Meaning of Judicial Review 160
5.4.2 Judicial Review in UK 162
5.4.3 Judicial Review in American Law 164
5.4.4 Evolution of Judicial Review in U.S 165
5.4.5 Historical Case of Marbury v.
Madison
166
5.4.6 Judicial Review in Indian 168
5.4.6.1 Object, Nature and scope of
judicial review
168
5.4.6.2 Justifiability vis-à-vis judicial 169
[xxxiv]
review
5.4.6.3 Limitations of Judicial Review 169
5.4.6.4 Judicial Restraint 170
5.4.6.5Grounds of Judicial Review 171
5.5 Various Other Provisions under the Indian
Constitution
172
5.6 Public Interest Litigation 187
5.6.1 PIL and Judicial Activism 188
5.6.2 Origin and Development of PIL 189
5.6.3 Three Phases of PIL 193
5.6.4 Problems in exercise to Judicial
Activism through PIL
196
5.7 Findings 199
6. „Judicial Activism‟ vis-à-vis „Judicial
Overreach‟
200-236
6.1 Background 200
6.2 „Judicial Activism‟: An undefined Fiction 201
6.3 Why „Judicial Activism‟? 204
6.3.1 Near Collapse of responsible
Government
204
6.3.2 Pressure on Judiciary to step in for
aid
205
6.3.3 Filling the legislative vacuum 205
6.3.4 Public Confidence in the judiciary 206
6.3.5 Enthusiasm of individual players 206
6.4 Dimensions Analysis of „Judicial Activism‟ 206
6.4.1 Resolution of Dispute 207
6.4.2 Judiciary as a player in constitutional
dialogue with other branches
209
6.4.3 Judiciary as a protector of core
constitutional values
210
6.5 Perils of Judicial Activism 211
[xxxv]
6.6 Are Judges „Overreaching‟? 213
6.7 Constitutional Position 214
6.8 Judicial Restraint 218
6.8.1 Judges cannot create law, only enforce
218
6.8.2 Litigants wasting valuable time of the
court 223
6.8.3 Important cases Illustrating Judicial Restraint
225
6.9 Judicial Overreach 233
6.10 Findings 236
7.
Judicial Lawmaking in India: Transition
from „Activism to „Overreach‟
237-285
7.1 Background 237
7.2 Norms of social Activism and Justice 239
7.3 „The Realists Philosophy‟ and „Judicial
Lawmaking‟
243
7.4 Do Judges make law? 245
7.5 „Adjudication‟ vis-à-vis „Legislation‟ 247
7.6 Judiciary : A tool of Law making 249
7.7 Scope for „Judicial Lawmaking under the
Indian Constitution
251
7.8 „Activist Instances‟ of Judicial –
Lawmaking in India
271
7.9 „Overreaching‟ Instances in Legislative
Functions
273
7.10 Judicial Law Making How much justified? 277
7.11 Findings 285
8. Findings , Conclusion & Suggestions 286-330
8.1 Findings 286
8.2 Conclusion 291
8.2.1 Separation of Powers 291
8.2.2 Judicial Review 293
[xxxvi]
8.2.3 Judicial Activism 296
8.2.4 Judicial Law Making/Policy Making 298
8.2.5Instances of Judicial Legislation by the Supreme Court
303
8.2.6 Judicial Overreach 304
8.3 Suggestions 308
8.3.1 Legislature must respond to the need
of the Society
308
8.3.2 Organs must be self restraint 309
8.3.3 Judicial Dynamism Instead of Judicial Activism
311
8.3.4 Uphold the Spirit of the Constitution 312
8.3.5 Judicial Process Boundaries 313
8.3.6 Protect the Rights of the Citizen 314
8.3.7 Suggestions of Apex Court for
making new law consider
by legislature
317
8.4 Suggestions to Correct “Over-activist”
Judiciary
318
8.4.1Relaxation must be procedural 318
8.4.2 Judicial Activism and not PIL 319
8.4.3 Judicial Activism but not Judicial
Adventurism
320
8.4.4 Displacing Government Administration
321
8.4.5 Judicial Restraint 322
8.4.6 Power of Judicial Review 323
8.4.7 Judicial Accountability 324
Bibliography
332
[xxxvii]
top related