list and define the 5 themes of geography
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List and define the 5 themes of geography
Place- describe what makes a location different from another location; I have different kinds of features such as: water landforms, climate, soil, vegetation, airports, highways, buildings, bridges, and parks. Location - describe where something is found
Human Environment Interaction -describe how people impact our earth and environment and how people adapt to live in their surroundings
Region- Describes areas that have common features
Movement- describe how people and things are transported from one place to another
List the three different map
types
1.Physical maps
2. Political maps
3. Thematic maps
Which maps show the
natural features of the Earth?
Physical Map
Which maps can represent a variety of information including things like climate,
precipitation, vegetation, elevation, population, life
expectancy, etc?
Thematic Map
Which maps show how humans have impacted
the landscape? For example, city names,
roads, country borders, etc. are all part of
political maps
Political Map
Which part tells what the map is about? This is the first part of the map you should look
at.
Title
This tells the cardinal directions, which are
north, south, east, and west.
Compass Rose
This explains what the symbols on a map represent, such as
triangles representing trees.
Key or Legend
This part of the map is made parallels and
meridians
Grid
These lines run across the globe
horizontally
Latitude
These lines run up and down,
vertically on the globe
longitude
This line cuts the northern hemisphere
and southern hemisphere in half
equator
This line cuts the eastern and western hemisphere in half
Prime Meridian
What are the 8 key features of a civilization
1. Cities2. Central Governments
3. Complex Religion Stable 4. Food Supplies
5. Job Specialization6. Social Classes
7. Arts & Architecture8. Writing
Which key feature is described below:
Usually originated with priestsInitially used to create calendars and keep records of offerings to the gods
Government will use writing to keep track of public records – taxes, treaties, “official” documents
Writing
Which key feature is described below:
People were ranked in society based on the importance of their job
Priests and warriors were typically considered the most important
Social Classes
Which key feature is described below:
This was created in order to express beliefs and to honor important figures and deities
Most major construction were building for religious purposes – temples, tombs – to honor their gods
Arts & Architecture
Which key feature is described below:
A society needs to have enough of this so it can survive, plus some extra to trade.Trading this for goods leads to job specialization
Stable Food Supplies
Which key feature is described below:
When there is a surplus of food people no longer have to hunt and gather all day.
They started to focus on the task or craft they were best at
Artisans develop techniques and technologies to make their task easier and more efficient
Job Specialization
Which key feature is described below:
Gods controlled forces of Indus Valley Prayer Statuettes nature
Priests were needed to convey the will of the gods
It was everyone’s responsibility to make sure the gods were happy
Complex Religion
Which key feature is described below:Needed to oversee irrigation projects and other public works
Ensure steady supply of food
Create and uphold laws
Defend citizens
Collect taxes
Central Governments
Which key feature is described below:
Center of trade
Centers of cultural diffusion
Cities
Which continent was Mesopotamia located on?
Asia
Which continent is Egypt located on?
Africa
Which continent is India located on?
Asia
Which continent is Peru located on?
South America
Which continent is the United States located on?
North America
Which continent is China located on?
Asia
Which continent is England, France, and Germany located
on?
Europe
Name 3 comparisons of the Neolithic and Paleolithic Era’s
Both
• Both used stone tools as well as bones, sticks, shells, and other materials
• People in both periods had some form of religion.
• People included both meat and vegetables in their diet
• Used fire to cook and fire pottery
Name 3 contrasts of the Neolithic and Paleolithic Era’s
PaleolithicLasted from around 2 million to around 12,000 years ago.People were hunters and gathers; spent lives seeking food.Constant struggle for survival; lives were short.People lived mostly in caves found following migrating animals.Cave paintings/drawings believed to have been part of religious rituals about the hunt.Tombs with bones, food, tools, and weapons indicate belief in life after deathPeople lived in small groups, led by tribal elder or strongest hunter.Women were mainly gatherers and were knowledgeable about plants and herbsDeveloped many new skills including the use and making of fire. NeolithicLasted from about 10,000 until about 4,000 B.C.People farmed, settled in villages, and built permanent homes.No longer need to search for food, so people developed new job skills.Division of labor meant different people did different jobs that contributed to the needs of the community.System of weights and measurements established “payment” of goods and servicesStrong leaders gained power and made laws to protect peopleKings and gods were worshipped; temples were built for formal religious ceremoniesPeople worshiped many godsVillages grew into citiesCities traded goods with other cities
Why was Mesopotamia one of the earliest areas of settlement in world
history?
Because the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was
fertile for farming
What current day country is Mesopotamia located
in?
IRAQ
What were 4 empires of Ancient Mesopotamia?
SumerianAkkadian
BabylonianAssyrian
Mesopotamia was located between which two
rivers?
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
How did the city-states of Mesopotamia use written
language in the organization of their
societies?
Writing allowed people to keep records of their transactions
People could send messages with couriers to far away lands without traveling
Writing allowed people to pass on their accumulated knowledge to future generations
How do the laws of Hammurabi compare
to our laws today?
Both Hammurabi's Code and our laws today prescribed specific
punishments for citizens who brake the law.
What are the major geographic features
of ancient Egypt?
Egypt boarders both the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea making it easy for
Trade.
There are desserts to the East and West, making it difficult for others to conquer
Egypt.
And the Niles river flows through Egypt, which creates a good environment for
farming.
What were the religious beliefs and
practices of the ancient Egyptians?
The Egyptians believed in many gods who controlled different things They built temples and shrines to honor their gods.
The Egyptians believed in an “afterlife.”
What was the Egyptian writing system called?
Egyptians developed a form of picture or symbol writing known as hieroglyphics.
Name four contributions of Ancient Egypt.
Language: Hieroglyphics
Architecture: Pyramids
Inventions: 365 day calendar, papyrus (paper), irrigation system, mathematics, medicine, weapons, chariots
Art: statues, paintings, jewelry
Name and describe the 4 types of government
Monarchy (rule of a king) Oligarchy (rule of the few)
Tyranny (rule by one who ruled without legal authority)
Democracy (rule of the people)
How did the geography of Greece
isolate developing city-states
Numerous MOUNTAIN RANGES, which crisscross the peninsula, hampered internal communications and led to the development of independent city-states.
Numerous ISLANDS and the indented coastlines of the Greek peninsula and of Asia Minor stimulated a seagoing trade.
Who was a citizen in Athens and what
were their rights and responsibilities?
Only adult males born in Athens were citizens. They were part of the assembly and had the responsibility to vote.
Where was the birth place of democracy?
Athens
What are 4 cultural achievements of Ancient Greece?
Greek Literature & DramaGreek ArchitectureGreek MathematicsGreek Philosophy
Greek Astronomy & GeographyGreek Engineering
Greek Art Greek SculptureGreek Medicine
Discuss two ways in which the Roman Empire adapted to its geography?
Rome adapted to it’s geography buy building Roads. The second
way is through the use of waterways buy building deep harbors and ships for trade.
Name three achievements of the Ancient Romans that have influenced
American culture today.
Latin LanguagesRoman Calendar
Roman LawRoman Architecture
Aqueducts, hot water systemsRoman Roads
Spread of Christianity
Explain the political, social, economic, and military factors that contributed to the fall of
Rome.
How did Confucianism and Daoism create order in ancient
China?
Confucius taught that society worked well when all people behaved well. Values such as respect for elders, proper behavior and
love of education became woven into Chinese culture.
Daoism taught that people gained happiness and peace by living in harmony with nature. This encouraged rulers to
govern less harshly
What were the main ideas of Confucianism?
What was the Silk Road and how did it affect
Chinese society and the world?
The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4,000
miles across Asia’s deserts and mountain ranges, through the
Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea.
China grew rich from trading silk with other lands.
What were some of the accomplishments of
Ancient China?
PaperPrinting
The CompassGunpowder
KitesSilk Road
How did the geography of the Indian subcontinent
isolate India from the rest of the world?
India is largely separated from Asia by the Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Hindu Kush Mountains in the west.West of the Himalayas is a vast desert.
What are the main beliefs and practices of the Hindu
religion?
-Believe in many gods-Gains Moksha and become on
with everything in universe-Believe in existence of the Soul
-believed in rebirth/reincarnation
-looked to achieve enlightenment
What was the social structure set up by the
Caste system?
There were 4 social castes
Brahmins – Priests, Teachers, Judges; usually don’t own land therefore need other castes to work the
land and provide for themKshatriyas – Warriors and Rulers (landowners)Vaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants, Farmers
Sudras – Unskilled Workers—Laborers and Craft workers
Below these four castes are people who belong to no caste
Untouchables – Outcastes, Children of God
What are the main teachings of Buddhism?
-No belief in gods-Gains Nirvana by detaching from everything until nothing remains-Buddha is the founder-Does not believe in existence of the Soul-believed in rebirth/reincarnation -looked to achieve enlightenment
Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism.
Hinduism-Belief in gods-Gains Moksha and become on with everything in universe-No founder-Believe in existence of the Soul
Both-Started in India-believed in rebirth/reincarnation-looked to achieve enlightenment
Buddhism-No belief in gods-Gains Nirvana by detaching from everything until nothing remains-Buddha is the founder-Does not believe in existence of the Soul
What were the major achievements of the
Gupta Empire?
UniversitiesLiteraturePainting
SculptureMetalwork
Mathematics
Describe the difference between the government
of the Maya and the government of the Inca
The Maya were NOT AN EMPIRE and NOT UNITED politically…
Inca government was well organized and the Sapa Inca(Emperor) was the absolute ruler
Where were the Mayan’s, Aztec, and Inca located?
Aztecs were located in central Mexico, their capital is modern day Mexico city
Mayans were located in Yucatan Peninsula- Mexico and Guatemala
Inca were located in Peru in the Andes Mountain
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