linked data & ontologies - sti international 2011/6...3 july 6, 2011 2011 sti semantic summit...
Post on 30-May-2018
213 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu
Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB)
Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB)
Linked Data & Ontologies Rudi Studer, Elena Simperl, Benedikt Kämpgen 2011 STI Semantic Summit, July 6, 2011
2 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Outline
! Semantic Web ontologies – widely applied ! Did Linked Data kill ontologies? ! Ontologies for Linked Data ! Linked Data for ontologies ! Research and discussion topics
3 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
! Develop and re-organize sites based on domain model ! E.g., sports ontology,
programme ontology
! One URI per thing ! Link content and allow
exploration of topics ! Leverage external resources
! E.g., MusicBrainz
Semantic Web Ontologies – widely applied: Content Navigation at BBC
http://www.slideshare.net/reduxd/beyond-the-polar-bear
Created ontologies for its website
Mike Atherton: “the complexities of knowledge call for ontological structures”
4 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Semantic Web Ontologies – widely applied: Content Publishing via schema.org
! Consensus of Yahoo!, Bing and Google ! Ontologies (and format) to markup web pages ! Web pages more easily interpreted and more
appropriately displayed by search engines ! Large impact on businesses
schema.org
Rich Snippet at Google diTii.com
5 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Semantic Web Ontologies – widely applied: Content Publishing via GoodRelation at BestBuy
! GoodRelation ontology ! Describing businesses
! Machine interpretable
! BestBuy retailer ! Major GoodRelation
deployer ! RDFa created with forms ! Enhance visibility on the
Web
6 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Semantic Web Ontologies – widely applied: BioPortal at Stanford – Content Navigation and Semantic Search
! Ontologies ! Ontology repository
! provide means for reuse ! offer standadized vocabulary
! Enhanced information management: ! biological objects annotated using
the ontology ! improved navigation, filtering
visualization
7 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Summary
! Many applications for Semantic Web ontologies ! Some adoption at big players with strong
influence on businesses
Nowadays: ! Linked Data principles well adopted ! Many Linked Data sources popping up Not yet clear: What role do ontologies play in the age
of Linked Data?
8 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Did Linked Data Kill Ontologies?
! A Little Semantics Goes a Long Way (Jim Hendler) ! Lightweight, easy-to-understand ontologies adopted
! Semantic is not the goal, it is a way to solve a task (Chris Welty) ! Machine learning, statistics and machine power equally
important ! Sloppy, scruffy Semantic Web does not need
ontologies (David R. Karger) ! Ontologies are a luxury and should not hinder open
data publishing and usage
9 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Ontologies in the Age of Linked Data
! Success of Linked Data ! Viral growth works
surprisingly well
! Open Data trend
! Heterogeneous, dirty, inconsistent, not trustworthy…
! However: Value of grounding Linked Data by ontological structures not yet recognized
! Slow improvement of ontology usage ! Needs a good balance
between effort and added value that is provided
! Lightweight ontologies are more easily understood, accepted and used
! Reuse of ontologies not yet done in practice
vs
10 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Ontologies for Linked Data (1)
! When publishing and consuming Linked Data, use of ontologies/vocabularies would provide benefits ! Publishing:
! Less effort in publishing: Reusing well-defined collections of URIs contained in ontologies (e.g., SKOS, Geonames)
! Easier integration of data when publishing based on ontology ! Having well-defined conceptualizations available
11 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Ontologies for Linked Data (2) ! When publishing and consuming Linked Data, use of
ontologies/vocabularies would provide benefits
! Consumption: ! Self-describing data guide agents when using Linked Data sources ! Splitting the integration / alignment effort between instance and
schema level ! Reasoning for implicit knowledge
! e.g., gr:DeliveryModeParcelService rdfs:subClassOf gr:DeliveryMethod
12 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Linked Data for Ontologies ! When building and consuming ontologies use of Linked Data
sources would provide benefits
! Building: ! Inductive, incremental approach to ontology engineering
! Less manual modeling effort needed: use Linked Data as source ! No perfection needed: define mappings if you need them
! Collaborative approach to ontology engineering ! Exploiting Linked Data in games, tagging systems, wikis
! Consumption: ! The more reuse of Linked Data sources the easier the dynamic
extension of the ontology (e.g., instance of a class)
13 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Research and Discussion Topics
! New Challengies for ontology engineering methodologies
! Open Issues for Exploiting Linked Data & ontologies
14 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Do traditional methodologies for ontology engineering and evaluation need to be revised?
Enterprise Ontology [Uschold & King, 1995]
IDEF5 [Benjamin et al. 1994]
CO4 [Euzenat, 1995]
CommonKADS [Schreiber et al., 1999]
Holsapple&Joshi [Holsapple & Joshi, 2002]
On-To-Knowledge [Sure, 2002]
DILIGENT [Pinto et al., 2004]
NeOn Methodology [Gómez-Pérez, 2008]
Ontometric [Gómez-Pérez, 2004]
ONTOCOM [Simperl et al., 2006]
15 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
New Requirements for Methodologies
! More data-driven ! data first, ontology second
! More reuse-focused ! Leveraging ontology repositories, semantic search
engines ! Emphasis on alignment, especially at the instance level
! Application-oriented ! Human vs machine-oriented consumption (using
specific technologies)
16 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Open Issues for Exploiting Linked Data & ontologies
! What ontologies when to reuse for what kinds of data (statistical data, sensor information…) ! What guidelines are around ! Best practices for ontology reuse
! Statistics of ontology reuse in Linked Data
! Better usage of modularization concepts ! Application-driven reuse of parts of ontologies and Linked Data
17 July 6, 2011 2011 STI Semantic Summit – Linked Data & Ontologies
Open Issues for Exploiting Linked Data & ontologies
! What are the mechanisms for viral growth of Linked Data
! How to release open data’s potential as a major driver for innovation and for unlocking the full data value
! Exploiting the social Web ! What are business models for such initiatives
! Major driver for Open Linked Data: eGovernment ! Specification of standard ontologies in order to push the
release of public sector information as Linked Data
top related