lesson three: argumentation
Post on 01-Nov-2014
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Introduction to argumentation
What is an argument ?
Introduction to argumentation
Argument - process in communication in which reasoning is applied to persuade others.
Introduction to argumentation
Persuader Argument Audience
Introduction to argumentation
Persuader Argument Audience
Ethos Logos Pathos
Persuader’sauthority
Reason/evidence Emotions
Introduction to argumentation
CLAIM
REASON
DATA
Introduction to argumentation
There is fire.
Reason?
Data?
Introduction to argumentation
There is fire.
Reason?
There is smoke.
Introduction to argumentation
There is fire.
When there issmoke, there is
fire
There is smoke.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning by example
Reasoning by analogy
Reasoning from cause and effect
Reasoning from sign
Reasoning from authority
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning by example
Female students studying in the samesex schools achieve better results
?
A study conducted in UK in 1,000schools shows that.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning by example
Female students studying in the samesex schools achieve better results.
The 1,000 schools are representative.
A study conducted in UK in 1,000schools shows that.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning by example: what do we have to remember about
when using this type of argument ?
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning by analogy
Women should be allowed to take upcombat roles in the military.
?
Nobody questions most men’s ability tobe involved in combat
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning by analogy
Women should be allowed to take upcombat roles in the military.
Women have the same mental and physical qualitiesrequired by the modern warfare
Nobody questions most men’s ability tobe involved in combat
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning by analogy: what do we have to remember about
when using this type of argument ?
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from cause and effect
Songs containing violentlyrics should be banned.
?
Crime rate among young people in urban areas is up.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from cause and effect
Songs containing violentlyrics should be banned.
Such songs cause increase in crime.
Crime rate among young people in urban areas is up.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from cause and effect: what do we have to remember
about when using this type of argument ?
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from sign
The system of educationhas improved.
?
Test results are better.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from sign
The system of educationhas improved.
Test results are a good indicator of improvement in education.
Test results are better.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from sing: what do we have to remember about when
using this type of argument ?
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from authority
School uniforms are an equalizer.
?
Says Prof. Smith in her study onschools in UK.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from authority
School uniforms are an equalizer.
Prof. Smith knows whatshe is talking about
Says Prof. Smith in her study onschools in UK.
Introduction to argumentation
Reasoning from authority: what do we have to remember about
when using this type of argument ?
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