lecture 2

TOURISM AS A SYSTEM

OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMSRELATE SYSTEMS TO TOURISM

MODELS AND SYSTEMSUSEFUL WAY OF LINKING TOGETHER INFO• IDEAS & CONCEPTS • IMAGES – PICTURES & MAPSHAVE INTEGRITY; COHERENCE• A set of elements interrelating among

themselves and with their environments.CLOSED AND OPEN SYSTEMS

CLOSED SYSTEM–ENCLOSED & BOUNDED

OPEN SYSTEM

Relationship among tourism, tourism industry, and tourist

Tourism system consists of several interrelated parts working together to achieve common purposes.

Tourism economic dimension Tourism { Demand side ---- tourists

Supply side ---- tourism industry

Why systems approach to study tourism

• To emphasize the interdependency in tourism; the tourism system is like a spider’s web – touch one part effects are felt throughout the system.

• to get “the bigger picture” right away. The Tourism system framework provides a more comprehensive view of tourism: it captures “the big picture”.

Other reasons for using a systems approach

• The second reason is because of the open system nature of tourism.

Tourism system is dynamic and constantly changing. New concepts are always arriving in tourism, such as ecotourism, Tourism Satellit Account.

• Third reason is complexity and variety in all aspect of tourism.

For example, there are thousands of specialized tours and packages available for travelers today.

Travel and tourism systemsTourism as process sees the - tourist as the demand, - travel industry as the supply, - attractions as the tourist product Interrelated process is subject, means, and objective of tourism.Gunn in tourism planning (1979), sees “tourism as a fundamental system” involving five components: tourist, transportation, attractions, services-facilities, and information-direction.

• Leiper(1979) has five basic elements in his system: tourists, generating regions, transit routes, destination regions, and a tourist industry operating within physical, cultural, social, economic, political, and technological environments

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TOURISM SYSTEM

Leiper's (2004) model - 5 key elements• 1. Departing Travellers • 2. Traveller Generating Region • 3. Transit Route Region • 4. Tourist Destination Region • 5. Returning Travellers

TOURISM SYSTEM

http://corporate.tourism.nsw.gov.au/What_Is_The_Tourism_Industry_p787.aspx

http://corporate.tourism.nsw.gov.au/What_Is_The_Tourism_Industry_p787.aspx

Project Economic Impact

Tourism Economic Impact

Apo Island: Saving a Coral Reef and its Fisheryhttp://www.ecotippingpoints.org/video/apo-island/index.html

Where is Apo Island? Why is the Coral Reef under threat?Using a systems perspective suggest types of tourism which would be best suited to Apo Island?

American Economic Collapse, Las Vegas Day 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2x3spE_X47I&feature=related

• What is the tourism specialism of Las Vegas?• Why is tourism declining in Las Vegas?• Using a systems perspective suggest types of

tourism which could help Vas Vegas to recover

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