lanzones

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN LANZONES

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN LANZONES

Bureau of Plant Industry - Davao National Crop Research &

Development Center

Bago Oshiro, Davao City

Bureau of Plant Industry - Davao National Crop Research &

Development Center

Bago Oshiro, Davao City

LanzonesLanzones

Grown in Southern Tagalog and

Mindanao

10,330 ha. area planted

Grows well in clay loam soils and in places where the ground water is shallow.

Thrives best in warm humid climate with an even distribution of rainfall throughout the year.

Grown in Southern Tagalog and

Mindanao

10,330 ha. area planted

Grows well in clay loam soils and in places where the ground water is shallow.

Thrives best in warm humid climate with an even distribution of rainfall throughout the year.

Varieties:Varieties:

DUKUDUKU The tree is usually shorter than

the other varieties but has a wider crown.

Leaves are hairless.

Fruits are round and are borne from 4 to 12 fruits per raceme.

Pericarp is thick (up to 6 mm) with no latex.

It is sweet with a delectable flavor.

The tree is usually shorter than the other varieties but has a wider crown.

Leaves are hairless.

Fruits are round and are borne from 4 to 12 fruits per raceme.

Pericarp is thick (up to 6 mm) with no latex.

It is sweet with a delectable flavor.

PAETEPAETE

Grown mostly in Luzon, Misamis Oriental and Camiguin Island.

Fruit is elongated and smallest among the varieties.

Leaves are lanceolate.

The tree is erect.

Trees are relatively susceptible to bark borer infestation.

Grown mostly in Luzon, Misamis Oriental and Camiguin Island.

Fruit is elongated and smallest among the varieties.

Leaves are lanceolate.

The tree is erect.

Trees are relatively susceptible to bark borer infestation.

LONGKONGLONGKONG A variety introduced

from Thailand and Indonesia.

The fruit is sweet and tasty.

Almost seedless.

The skin or peel has no latex.

A variety introduced from Thailand and Indonesia.

The fruit is sweet and tasty.

Almost seedless.

The skin or peel has no latex.

Site SelectionSite Selection

Flat to hilly within 600 m above sea level.

The land should have a loamy or sandy soil.

2,500 – 3,000 mm annual rainfall

75-80% relative humidity

Flat to hilly within 600 m above sea level.

The land should have a loamy or sandy soil.

2,500 – 3,000 mm annual rainfall

75-80% relative humidity

Preparation of Planting MaterialsPreparation of Planting Materials

Select only plump and well-developed seeds.

Carefully remove the flesh adhering the seed.

Germinate the seeds in light loamy soils or in germination beds with sawdust.

Germinated seedling are ready for potting in 8” x 11” x 0.003 plastic bag when the first pair leaves have appear.

Select only plump and well-developed seeds.

Carefully remove the flesh adhering the seed.

Germinate the seeds in light loamy soils or in germination beds with sawdust.

Germinated seedling are ready for potting in 8” x 11” x 0.003 plastic bag when the first pair leaves have appear.

Preparation of Planting MaterialsPreparation of Planting Materials

At 12-18 months from pricking the rootstocks are ready for asexual propagation.

At 6-12 months after grafting, the asexually propagated plants are ready for field planting.

Rebagging should be done when polyethylene bag becomes brittle

Rear seedlings under a nursery shade allowing full recovery of the plants prior to field planting.

At 12-18 months from pricking the rootstocks are ready for asexual propagation.

At 6-12 months after grafting, the asexually propagated plants are ready for field planting.

Rebagging should be done when polyethylene bag becomes brittle

Rear seedlings under a nursery shade allowing full recovery of the plants prior to field planting.

Land PreparationLand Preparation

Clear/underbrush the whole area.

Plow and harrow to loosen the soil.

Plant temporary shade (ipil-ipil, madre de cacao or banana) before field planting.

Stake a distance of 5 m between hills and 5 m between rows.

Prepare holes 25 cm in diameter at a depth of 25 cm or big enough to accommodate the ball of soil supporting the bagged plants.

Clear/underbrush the whole area.

Plow and harrow to loosen the soil.

Plant temporary shade (ipil-ipil, madre de cacao or banana) before field planting.

Stake a distance of 5 m between hills and 5 m between rows.

Prepare holes 25 cm in diameter at a depth of 25 cm or big enough to accommodate the ball of soil supporting the bagged plants.

PlantingPlanting

Apply basally, 50-100 gm of complete fertilizer (14-14-14) or ammophos (16-20-0).

Remove the plastic bag and plant the seedling into the prepared hole.

Cover the hole with top soil and press gently.

Water immediately after planting.

Apply basally, 50-100 gm of complete fertilizer (14-14-14) or ammophos (16-20-0).

Remove the plastic bag and plant the seedling into the prepared hole.

Cover the hole with top soil and press gently.

Water immediately after planting.

Care and ManagementCare and Management

1. Ring weeding should be done when necessary.

2. Shallow cultivation of the plant to a radius of at least 1 m should be done twice a year or as the need arises.

3. Mulch the tree with coconut husks or grasses to conserve soil moisture.

1. Ring weeding should be done when necessary.

2. Shallow cultivation of the plant to a radius of at least 1 m should be done twice a year or as the need arises.

3. Mulch the tree with coconut husks or grasses to conserve soil moisture.

Mulching in lanzonesMulching in lanzones

Care and ManagementCare and Management

4. Pruning4. Pruning

Judicious pruning should be done during the dry season.

Cut surfaces should be applied with copper fungicides.

Start pruning when the plants is 1.5 m tall.

Decapitate the apical shoot to a height of 1 m to induce formation of secondary stems and bend the stems outward to promote good branching.

When the plants are matured, prune every after harvest to remove diseased and weak branches, and shoots which grow parallel to secondary stem.

Judicious pruning should be done during the dry season.

Cut surfaces should be applied with copper fungicides.

Start pruning when the plants is 1.5 m tall.

Decapitate the apical shoot to a height of 1 m to induce formation of secondary stems and bend the stems outward to promote good branching.

When the plants are matured, prune every after harvest to remove diseased and weak branches, and shoots which grow parallel to secondary stem.

Care and ManagementCare and Management

5. Flower thinning5. Flower thinning

Remove excess cluster of flowers that emerge in tertiary and small branches, short clusters (less than 3 inches) and overcrowded clusters to prevent deformities in fruits.

Remove excess cluster of flowers that emerge in tertiary and small branches, short clusters (less than 3 inches) and overcrowded clusters to prevent deformities in fruits.

Care and ManagementCare and Management

6. Fertilization6. Fertilization

Fertilization ScheduleFertilization SchedulePlant Age/Stage Kind of Fertilizer Rate/Plant

a) Vegetative Stage

Ammonium Sulfate (21-0-0) or

Urea (46-0-0)

100-200 g/tree/year

b) Bearing Stage Complete Fertilizer (14-14-14)

5-8 kgs/tree/year

(after harvest)

Drill or broadcast the fertilizer 1 m away from the base of the plant depending upon the topography of the land.

Drill or broadcast the fertilizer 1 m away from the base of the plant depending upon the topography of the land.

Care and ManagementCare and Management

threat to the industry

retard the growth of trees

reduced both quality and quantity

reduce yield

threat to the industry

retard the growth of trees

reduced both quality and quantity

reduce yield

PESTS AND DISEASESPESTS AND DISEASES

INSECT PESTS OF LANZONESINSECT PESTS OF LANZONES

1. Bark Borer

Serious pest of lanzones

Bark infestation suppresses flower emergence and reduces yield.

1. Bark Borer

Serious pest of lanzones

Bark infestation suppresses flower emergence and reduces yield.

a. Proxinonena sp.

Injurious among species

a. Proxinonena sp.

Injurious among species

Feeds on bark and cambium layer

Produce a scaly bark

Feeds on bark and cambium layer

Produce a scaly bark

Larva

b. Cossus sp.

Mines under the bark by feeding on it and secretes a web that form a tunnel.

Infestation occurs at the crevices between branches.

Infestation in old trees

b. Cossus sp.

Mines under the bark by feeding on it and secretes a web that form a tunnel.

Infestation occurs at the crevices between branches.

Infestation in old trees

c. Gold-banded Moth

Larvae predominant on the terminal twigs.

Dark blister-like appearance indicative of its infestation.

It penetrates the cambium layer of the twigs.

Scraping-off of infested bark is harder than Proxinonena sp.

c. Gold-banded Moth

Larvae predominant on the terminal twigs.

Dark blister-like appearance indicative of its infestation.

It penetrates the cambium layer of the twigs.

Scraping-off of infested bark is harder than Proxinonena sp.

2. Twig Borer (Cerambycid Beetle)2. Twig Borer (Cerambycid Beetle)

Control:

Damage plant parts must be pruned and burned.

Control:

Damage plant parts must be pruned and burned.

The larva bore into the stem or twig of the lanzones trees resulting in the death of plant tissue.

The larva bore into the stem or twig of the lanzones trees resulting in the death of plant tissue.

Control:

1. Mechanical Method

Scraping and pruning infested portions

2. Chemical Method

Application of insecticide after mechanical operations in knocking out the borer.

Control:

1. Mechanical Method

Scraping and pruning infested portions

2. Chemical Method

Application of insecticide after mechanical operations in knocking out the borer.

DISEASESDISEASES

This fungus disease attacks trees in areas with waterlogged condtion.

Infection starts at lateral roots and moves towards the main root up to the base of the trunk.

Externally the leaves turn yellow and gradually fall-off.

This fungus disease attacks trees in areas with waterlogged condtion.

Infection starts at lateral roots and moves towards the main root up to the base of the trunk.

Externally the leaves turn yellow and gradually fall-off.

1. Root Rot1. Root Rot

Control:

Provide good drainage

Digging and burning of dead trees

Treat infected roots and trunk with fungicides

Control:

Provide good drainage

Digging and burning of dead trees

Treat infected roots and trunk with fungicides

2. Scab

Serious disease affecting the Longkong variety of lanzones.

Exhibited by bulging of the bark.

2. Scab

Serious disease affecting the Longkong variety of lanzones.

Exhibited by bulging of the bark.

Control:

Spray Copper Hydroxide(Kocide) or Copper Oxychloride)

Control:

Spray Copper Hydroxide(Kocide) or Copper Oxychloride)

Harvest the fruits 140-150 days from flower formation to fruit ripening.

Do the harvesting early in the morning or late in the afternoon.

Harvest the fruits by climbing the tree and cut the ripe bunches with sharp cutters or pruning shears.

Harvest the fruits 140-150 days from flower formation to fruit ripening.

Do the harvesting early in the morning or late in the afternoon.

Harvest the fruits by climbing the tree and cut the ripe bunches with sharp cutters or pruning shears.

HARVESTINGHARVESTING

sort, clean, air dry and grade the harvested fruits.

pack the fruits in cartons or crates with liners or cushion to reduce damage during handling.

store the fruits in cold storage at 10 o C with relative humidity of 85-90 % to extend the shelf-life of the harvested fruits.

sort, clean, air dry and grade the harvested fruits.

pack the fruits in cartons or crates with liners or cushion to reduce damage during handling.

store the fruits in cold storage at 10 o C with relative humidity of 85-90 % to extend the shelf-life of the harvested fruits.

Post Harvest HandlingPost Harvest Handling