landforms · forces that shape landforms •there are 3 kinds of mountains: •dome mountains:...

LANDFORMS

UNIT TWO| February 2019

OUTCOME

9.2.1Demonstrate an understanding of the basic features of

Canada’s landscape and climate.

• identify and locate major landforms of Canada

• explain the creation and characteristics of mountains and plains

• describe and account for the variation in physical landscape across Canada

NOTE-TAKING

• Work on your writing speed!

• Challenge yourself – how fast can you write your notes

(before they become incomprehensible henscratch)?

WHAT IS A LANDFORM?

• The topography of the land’s surface.

• Topography: the natural features of the land.

• An area’s landforms together with its other features is its

landscape.

• Landscape: the shape of the land together with its cover of

vegetation, water, ice, and rock.

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

• Canada’s topography is the result of four forces:

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

1. Mountain Building

• When continental plates meet in a convergent boundary,

mountains can form.

• This is a building-up force.

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

• Mountains can happen two ways when

plates collide:

1. The edges heave upward and

mountains are formed.

2. One plate slides under the other,

which allows magma to erupt from

volcanoes. When the magma cools,

mountains form.

MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980

MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980

MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980

MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980

VIDEO

• Mt. St. Helens Eruption, May 18, 1980 (6:27)|

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H_HZVY1tT4

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

• Do your best to draw a simple picture beside the

definition for each of the following 3 types of

mountains:

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

• There are 3 kinds of mountains:

• Dome Mountains: formed by

magma pushing up through the

earth’s crust.

• Fold Mountains: formed at

convergent boundaries when plates

heave.

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

• Fault Block mountains: formed when layers of

the earth react to forces that push on either side.

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

2. Weathering: breakdown of rocks on the earth’s surface

from exposure to air, water, animals and plants.

• This is a wearing-down force.

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

3. Erosion: the wearing down of the earth’s surface by running water,

waves, wind, and glaciers. Eroded particles are carried away.

• This is a wearing-down force.

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

4. Deposition: deposits of eroded material to form new landforms.

• Final result of weathering and erosion.

• This is a building-up force.

MAJOR CANADIAN LANDFORMS

• Handout| “Major Canadian Landforms”

• Read p. 26-29 in the textbook to find the information you need to

fill out the handout.

MAJOR CANADIAN LANDFORMS

• Handout| “Major Canadian Landforms”

• Check your answers. Do you have at least the following

information on your handout?

CANADIAN SHIELD

• How was it formed?

• Active volcanoes, plains, mountains.

• Erosion (water and ice) and deposition

(plate movement) created thick rock

• What natural resources exist here?

• Thin, acidic soils

• Some good farming land

ARCTIC LOWLANDS

• How was it formed?

• Plateau and lowland plains – probably

through erosion/glaciation

• What natural resources exist here?

• Treeless

• Poorly drained soil

• Short growing season – lichen & moss

INNUITIAN MOUNTAINS

• How was it formed?

• Colliding plates (mountains)

• Not yet worn by erosion

• What natural resources exist here?

• Too cold for trees

WESTERN CORDILLERA

• How was it formed?

• Plates collide

• What natural resources exist here?

• Valleys – good soils

• Delta – rich soils

• Forest (on west facing slopes)

APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS

• How was it formed?

• Mountains worn down by ice and

water

• What natural resources exist

here?

• Deep, fertile soils

• Deciduous trees

• Coniferous trees in north

INTERIOR PLAINS

• How was it formed?

• Inland seas receded

• erosion

• What natural resources exist here?

• Sparse vegetation, cacti (southern

central)

• Deep soils (chernozem, 25cm deep,

black) – good for growing wheat

GREAT LAKES – ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS

• How was it formed?

• faulting

• Flooded by Champlain sea

• When retreated left clay and sand leaving area level

• Erosion and deposition

• What natural resources exist here?

• Brown earth – fertile soil

HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS

• How was it formed?

• Flat and poorly drained

• deposition

• What natural resources exist here?

• Tundra

• Podzols

• Swamp forests

VIDEO

• Over Canada (DVD Trailer) (9:55)|

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=refmdRuvZY8

END