landforms · forces that shape landforms •there are 3 kinds of mountains: •dome mountains:...

LANDFORMS

UNIT TWO| February 2019

OUTCOME

9.2.1Demonstrate an understanding of the basic features of

Canada’s landscape and climate.

• identify and locate major landforms of Canada

• explain the creation and characteristics of mountains and plains

• describe and account for the variation in physical landscape across Canada

NOTE-TAKING

• Work on your writing speed!

• Challenge yourself – how fast can you write your notes

(before they become incomprehensible henscratch)?

WHAT IS A LANDFORM?

• The topography of the land’s surface.

• Topography: the natural features of the land.

• An area’s landforms together with its other features is its

landscape.

• Landscape: the shape of the land together with its cover of

vegetation, water, ice, and rock.

FORCES THAT SHAPE LANDFORMS

• Canada’s topography is the result of four forces:


1. Mountain Building

• When continental plates meet in a convergent boundary,

mountains can form.

• This is a building-up force.


• Mountains can happen two ways when

plates collide:

1. The edges heave upward and

mountains are formed.

2. One plate slides under the other,

which allows magma to erupt from

volcanoes. When the magma cools,

mountains form.

MT. ST. HELENS – 18 MAY 1980

VIDEO

• Mt. St. Helens Eruption, May 18, 1980 (6:27)|

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H_HZVY1tT4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H_HZVY1tT4


• Do your best to draw a simple picture beside the

definition for each of the following 3 types of

mountains:


• There are 3 kinds of mountains:

• Dome Mountains: formed by

magma pushing up through the

earth’s crust.

• Fold Mountains: formed at

convergent boundaries when plates

heave.


• Fault Block mountains: formed when layers of

the earth react to forces that push on either side.


2. Weathering: breakdown of rocks on the earth’s surface

from exposure to air, water, animals and plants.

• This is a wearing-down force.


3. Erosion: the wearing down of the earth’s surface by running water,

waves, wind, and glaciers. Eroded particles are carried away.

• This is a wearing-down force.


4. Deposition: deposits of eroded material to form new landforms.

• Final result of weathering and erosion.

• This is a building-up force.

MAJOR CANADIAN LANDFORMS

• Handout| “Major Canadian Landforms”

• Read p. 26-29 in the textbook to find the information you need to

fill out the handout.

MAJOR CANADIAN LANDFORMS

• Handout| “Major Canadian Landforms”

• Check your answers. Do you have at least the following

information on your handout?

CANADIAN SHIELD

• How was it formed?

• Active volcanoes, plains, mountains.

• Erosion (water and ice) and deposition

(plate movement) created thick rock

• What natural resources exist here?

• Thin, acidic soils

• Some good farming land

ARCTIC LOWLANDS


• Plateau and lowland plains – probably

through erosion/glaciation


• Treeless

• Poorly drained soil

• Short growing season – lichen & moss

INNUITIAN MOUNTAINS


• Colliding plates (mountains)

• Not yet worn by erosion


• Too cold for trees

WESTERN CORDILLERA


• Plates collide


• Valleys – good soils

• Delta – rich soils

• Forest (on west facing slopes)

APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS


• Mountains worn down by ice and

water

• What natural resources exist

here?

• Deep, fertile soils

• Deciduous trees

• Coniferous trees in north

INTERIOR PLAINS


• Inland seas receded

• erosion


• Sparse vegetation, cacti (southern

central)

• Deep soils (chernozem, 25cm deep,

black) – good for growing wheat

GREAT LAKES – ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS


• faulting

• Flooded by Champlain sea

• When retreated left clay and sand leaving area level

• Erosion and deposition


• Brown earth – fertile soil

HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS


• Flat and poorly drained

• deposition


• Tundra

• Podzols

• Swamp forests

VIDEO

• Over Canada (DVD Trailer) (9:55)|

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=refmdRuvZY8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=refmdRuvZY8

landforms · forces that shape landforms •there are 3 kinds of mountains: •dome mountains:...

Documents