kyung hee university choong seon hong september 2011 introduction to ngn (next generation network)
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Kyung Hee UniversityKyung Hee University
Choong Seon HongChoong Seon Hong
September 2011September 2011
Introduction to Introduction to NGN (Next Generation Network) NGN (Next Generation Network)
2
ObjectivesObjectives
Explore technical, operational and commercial issues - overlaps
Numbering, interconnection, quality
Backbone and transit options
Migration and roll-out of new services
Retail and interconnection charging models
3
Two Big StreamsTwo Big Streams
3
?
IETFIETF
ITU
ITU : International Telecommunication UnionIETF : Internet Engineering Task Force
4
The changed marketThe changed market
Common network technology - IP
Diverse access technologies - xDSL, WiFi, WiMax, CDMA, LTE, self managing radio
New management concepts - user provided services, self configuring networks
Liberalisation - anyone can do almost anything
Network competition - telcos vs Internet
Market is out of “control”
NGN is subject to “uncontrolled” market forces
Users have real diverse choices
5
Telecommunication Network TransformationTelecommunication Network Transformation• As strong drivers transform the telecom business model, CTO‘s are facing significant challenges; Implications of the transformation of a Legacy Network towards NGN
Impact of Network Transformation
Services & Applications
Services, Switching, Network Mgmt.
Transmission / Transport
Legacy Network Model
NGN Model
Call / Session Control
Transport & Connectivity
Open Protocols e.g.. Parlay, OSA, JAIN
Open Protocols e.g.. SIP, MGCP, H.248
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Business model must be reviewed and adjusted
Operations and business processes must be changed
Organization structure must be adapted
Human resources profile must be adjusted
PSTN Data PLMN
Move to NGN:from a vertically layeredto a horizontally layerednetwork architecture
Drivers of Network Transformation
Market/Customers■ Strong Competition in
the Telecom market Place
Services
■ Trend towards converged services
■ Integrated Services (Quadruple Play)
■ Differentiated Services
Technology■ Obsolescence of TDM
Technology■ Open Architectures■ New Access
Technologies■ New Terminal Devices
Platforms/Production
■ Limited growth with legacy NW
■ Increased OPEX for legacy NW
■ Emerging VendorsPLMN: Public Land Mobile Network
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The effect of real competitionThe effect of real competition
Innovation is accelerating, eg Voice over Internet, public WiFi, xDSL, TV over telephone wires
Growing pressure on excessive prices
Usage based charges are disappearing
Battle between telco complexity and Internet simplicity
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Critical issues for NGNCritical issues for NGN
Copy past telco models and practices or develop new simpler ones? - Who is studying new simpler models?
What will be the new services that will justify new investment?
What will users pay for that is not available more cheaply on the Internet? - quality? security?
Who will be the leaders? Incumbents? Will regulation, eg interconnection structures, be a barrier to development?
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Migration paths - replacementMigration paths - replacement
PSTN PSTN on IP Core
Voice over Internet
New services on IP Core
TV over xDSL
Home Gateway
Telephony over xDSL
“Plain old Internet”
?
Analog/ISDN UNIs
IP-based UNIs
Circuit switched core IP core
Conv
erge
nce?
NGN
Other
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Migration paths - overlayMigration paths - overlay
PSTN PSTN on IP Core
Voice over Internet
New services on IP Core
TV over xDSL
Home Gateway
Telephony over xDSL
“Plain old Internet”
?
Analog/ISDN UNIs
IP-based UNIs
Circuit switched core IP core overlay IP core
Conv
erge
nce?NGN
Other
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Replacement and protocolsReplacement and protocols
PSTN Emulation
New services on IP Core
Analog/ISDN UNIs
IP-based UNIs
Circuit switched core IP non-IMS core IMS or non-IMS core ???
IMS core
…and which protocol at interconnection points (SIP-I/T or SIP-IMS)?…how many stages of migration (2 or 3)?
?
Will there be two NGNs - a PSTN replacement and a separate new services platform?
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol, widely used for controlling multimedia communication sessions such as voice and video calls over Internet Protocol (IP).
IMS : IP Multimedia Subsystem
12
What new services?What new services?
With terminal liberalisation, networks only provide packet pipes - should packet pipes be standardised to make interconnection easy?
The focus on service capabilities is drawing attention away from the need to develop new services with terminals
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NGN ServicesNGN Services
• Analyze Current, Planned, and Future Telecommunications Services for the NGN infrastructure
3rd Stage Clustering
2nd Stage Clustering
1st Stage Clustering
Core Services
Audio-Visual
Data
Audio
Visual
Telephony Telephone Conference VoIP (e.g. Skype) Audio Streaming Audio on Demand/
Download
Transport QoS PSTN Access Web Portal
Presence IT Capabilities
3rd Party Delivery
Sensory Interfaces Transport Predictability
Predictability & Broadcast
Network Services
IT Billing, Security..
Web Page Video
Supervision Web Camera
Video Phone Video Phone
Conference Video on-Demand Video Download Video Sharing
Data on Demand Data Sharing Data Streaming/
Broadcasting Data Conferencing(Gaming)
IPTV
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Dimensioning NGNDimensioning NGN
What traffic will it carry ? Telephony Video-telephony TV and radio delivery ? Email ? Web browsing ? Internet access traffic ?
Why put any non-delay sensitive traffic on NGN?
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History of Internet Growth (1)History of Internet Growth (1)
Stage One: Research and Academic Focus (1980-1991) Debate about which protocols will be used (TCP/IP) The National Science Foundation (NSF) took a leading role in research
networking
NSFNet1: “supercomputer net”NSFNet2: a generalized Internet (thousands of Internet
nodes on U.S campus) The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) created open standards for the
use of the Internet
Request for Comments (RFC) standards documents
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History of Internet Growth (2)History of Internet Growth (2)
Stage Two: Early Public Internet (1992-1997) Federal Networking Council (FNC) made a decision to allow ISP to
interconnect with federally supported Internets The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) adopted Tim
Berners-Lee’s work on the World Wide Web Mosaic, Netscape started us down the path to the browser environment today
It was watershed development that shifted the Internet from a command-line, e-mail, and file-transfer in the kind of user interface to the browser world of full-screen applications
In the fall of 1996, a group of more than thirty University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID)Subsequently become known as Internet2
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History of Internet Growth (3)History of Internet Growth (3)
Stage Three: International Public Internet (1998-2005) The Internet achieved both domestic and international critical
mass of growth Fueled by giant bubble in Internet stocks that peaked in 2000
and then collapsed Fiber-optic bandwidth Improvements to gigabit-per-second
levels, and price-performance improvements in personal computers xDSL, FTTH, etc.
The “bubble” years laid the foundation for broadband Internet applications and integration of voice, data, and video services on one network base
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History of Internet Growth (4)History of Internet Growth (4)
Stage Four: Challenges for the Future Internet (2006-?) The Internet has become a maturing, worldwide, universal network Recently debated policy issues: net neutrality
Two of the few surviving U.S. telcos intended to levy special surcharges on broadband Internet traffic based on the application and on the company
Millions of Internet users• Growth in functionality and value of the net could never happened if there had
been discrimination in managing packet flow
If the telco’s well funded campaign succeeds
Then Progress toward universal and affordable broadband access would be further delayed
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Recall of Internet (’74)Recall of Internet (’74)
Design Goals (0) To connect existing networks (1) Survivability (2) To support multiple types of services (3) To accommodates a variety of physical networks (4) To allow distribute network management (5) To be cost effective (6) To allow host attachment with a low level of effort (7) To allow resource accountability
Design Principles Layering (design goal – 0, 3) Packet Switching (design goal – 5) A network of collaborating networks (design goal – 1, 4) Intelligent end-system / end-to-end arguments (design goal – 1, 5) DHCP (design goal – 6), SNMP (design goal – 7)
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Changes of NetworkingChanges of Networking
Environment Trusted => Untrusted
Users Researchers => Customers
Operators Nonprofits => Commercial
Usages Host-oriented => Data-centric
Connectivity E2E IP => Intermittent Connection
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AssumptionsAssumptions
Incremental Design A system is moved from one state to another with incremental patches How should the Internet look tomorrow ?
IETF and IPv6 perspective
Clean-Slate Design The system is re-designed from scratch How should the Internet look in 15 year ?
Future Internet
It is assumed that the current IP’s shortcomings will not be
resolved by conventional incremental and “backward-compatible”
style designs. So, the Future Internet designs must be made
based on clean-slate approach.
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Problem Statement (1/4)Problem Statement (1/4)
1. Basic Problems 1.1. Routing Failures and scalability
The problems have been examined as being caused by mobility, multi-homing, renumbering, PI routing, IPv6 impact, etc. on the current Internet architecture.
1.2. Insecurity As current communication is not trusted, problems are self-evident, such as the plague of security breaches, spread of worms, and denial of service attacks.
1.3. Mobility Current IP technologies was designed for hosts in fixed locations, and ill-suited to support mobile hosts. Mobile IP was designed to support host mobility, but Mobile IP has
problems on update latency, signaling overhead, location privacy, etc.
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Problem Statement (2/4)Problem Statement (2/4)
1.4. Quality of Service Internet architecture is not enough to support quality of service from user or application perspective. It is still unclear how and where to integrate different levels of quality of service in the architecture.
1.5. Heterogeneous Physical Layers and Applications Recently, IP architecture is known as a “narrow waist or thin waist”. Physical Layers and Applications heterogeneity poses tremendous challenges for network architecture, resource allocation, reliable transport, context-awareness, re-configurability, and security.
1.6. Network Management The original Internet lacks in management plane.
Source : Steve Deering,IPv6 :addressing the future
Narrow Waist forInternet Hourglass(Common Layer =
IP)
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Problem Statement (3/4)Problem Statement (3/4) 1.7. Congestive Collapse
Current TCP is showing its limits in insufficient dynamic range to handlehigh-speed wide-area networks, poor performance over links withunpredictable characteristics, such as some forms of wireless link, poorlatency characteristics for competing real-time flows, etc.
1.8 Opportunistic and Fast Long-Distance NetworksOriginal Internet was designed to support always-on connectivity, shortdelay, symmetric data rate and low error rate communications, butmany evolving and challenged networks do not confirm to this designphilosophy. E.g., Intermittent connectivity, long or variable delay, asymmetric
data rates, high error rates, fast long-distance communications, etc. 1.9. Economy and Policy
The current Internet lacks explicit economic primitives.There is a question of how network provider and ISP continue to makeprofit.
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What is Future Internet? (1)What is Future Internet? (1)
Need to resolve the challenges facing today’s Internet by rethinking the fundamental assumptions and design decisions underlying its current architectureTwo principal ways in which to evolve or change a system Evolutionary approach (Incremental)
A system is moved from one state to another with incremental patches
Revolutionary approach (Clean-slate)The system is redesigned from scratch to offer improved
abstractions and/or performance, while providing similar functionality based on new core principles
It is time to explore a clean-slate approach In the past 30 years, the Internet has been very successful using
an incremental approach Reaching a point where people are unwilling or unable to
experiment on the current architecture
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What is Future Internet? (2)What is Future Internet? (2)
Future Internet? Clean Slate design of the Internet’s architecture to satisfy the growing
demands Management issues of Future Internet also need to be considered from the
stage of design
Research Goal for Future Internet Performing research for Future Internet and designing new network
architectures Building an experimental facility
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Merits & Demerits of Current InternetMerits & Demerits of Current Internet
Merits The original Internet design goal of robustness
Network architecture must not mandate recovery from multiple failures, but provide the service for those users who require it
Openness: low barrier to entry, freedom of expression, and ubiquitous access
Demerits “Nothing wrong – just not enough right” Pervasive and diversified nature of network applications require
many functionalities Current network architecture doesn’t support
E.g., TCP variants for high bandwidth delay product networks, earlier work on TCP over wireless networks, and current effort towards cross-layer optimization
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Research Institute for Future Internet (1) Research Institute for Future Internet (1)
US NSF Future Internet Design (FIND) Global Environment for Networking Innovations (GENI)
European Commission Future Internet Research and Experimentation (FIRE) EIFFEL’s Future Internet Initiative EuroNGI & EuroFGI FP7
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Research Institute for Future Internet(2) Research Institute for Future Internet(2)
AsiaFI by CJK
China : NSFC & MOST
973 Fundamental Research Project MOST 863 High-tech Project CNGI Project
JAPAN NICT’s NeW Generation Network (NWGN) Japan Gigabit Network II (JGN2) AKARI Project
KOREA Future Internet Forum (FIF)
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Sensor Network in the Future Internet and NGN Environments- Layers in the Ubiquitous Sensor NetworksSensor Network in the Future Internet and NGN Environments- Layers in the Ubiquitous Sensor Networks
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