Kyung Hee UniversityKyung Hee University

Choong Seon HongChoong Seon Hong

September 2011September 2011

Introduction to Introduction to NGN (Next Generation Network) NGN (Next Generation Network)

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ObjectivesObjectives

Explore technical, operational and commercial issues - overlaps

Numbering, interconnection, quality

Backbone and transit options

Migration and roll-out of new services

Retail and interconnection charging models

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Two Big StreamsTwo Big Streams

3

?

IETFIETF

ITU

ITU : International Telecommunication UnionIETF : Internet Engineering Task Force

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The changed marketThe changed market

Common network technology - IP

Diverse access technologies - xDSL, WiFi, WiMax, CDMA, LTE, self managing radio

New management concepts - user provided services, self configuring networks

Liberalisation - anyone can do almost anything

Network competition - telcos vs Internet

Market is out of “control”

NGN is subject to “uncontrolled” market forces

Users have real diverse choices

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Telecommunication Network TransformationTelecommunication Network Transformation• As strong drivers transform the telecom business model, CTO‘s are facing significant challenges; Implications of the transformation of a Legacy Network towards NGN

Impact of Network Transformation

Services & Applications

Services, Switching, Network Mgmt.

Transmission / Transport

Legacy Network Model

NGN Model

Call / Session Control

Transport & Connectivity

Open Protocols e.g.. Parlay, OSA, JAIN

Open Protocols e.g.. SIP, MGCP, H.248

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Business model must be reviewed and adjusted

Operations and business processes must be changed

Organization structure must be adapted

Human resources profile must be adjusted

PSTN Data PLMN

Move to NGN:from a vertically layeredto a horizontally layerednetwork architecture

Drivers of Network Transformation

Market/Customers■ Strong Competition in

the Telecom market Place

Services

■ Trend towards converged services

■ Integrated Services (Quadruple Play)

■ Differentiated Services

Technology■ Obsolescence of TDM

Technology■ Open Architectures■ New Access

Technologies■ New Terminal Devices

Platforms/Production

■ Limited growth with legacy NW

■ Increased OPEX for legacy NW

■ Emerging VendorsPLMN: Public Land Mobile Network

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The effect of real competitionThe effect of real competition

Innovation is accelerating, eg Voice over Internet, public WiFi, xDSL, TV over telephone wires

Growing pressure on excessive prices

Usage based charges are disappearing

Battle between telco complexity and Internet simplicity

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Critical issues for NGNCritical issues for NGN

Copy past telco models and practices or develop new simpler ones? - Who is studying new simpler models?

What will be the new services that will justify new investment?

What will users pay for that is not available more cheaply on the Internet? - quality? security?

Who will be the leaders? Incumbents? Will regulation, eg interconnection structures, be a barrier to development?

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Migration paths - replacementMigration paths - replacement

PSTN PSTN on IP Core

Voice over Internet

New services on IP Core

TV over xDSL

Home Gateway

Telephony over xDSL

“Plain old Internet”

?

Analog/ISDN UNIs

IP-based UNIs

Circuit switched core IP core

Conv

erge

nce?

NGN

Other

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Migration paths - overlayMigration paths - overlay

PSTN PSTN on IP Core

Voice over Internet

New services on IP Core

TV over xDSL

Home Gateway

Telephony over xDSL

“Plain old Internet”

?

Analog/ISDN UNIs

IP-based UNIs

Circuit switched core IP core overlay IP core

Conv

erge

nce?NGN

Other

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Replacement and protocolsReplacement and protocols

PSTN Emulation

New services on IP Core

Analog/ISDN UNIs

IP-based UNIs

Circuit switched core IP non-IMS core IMS or non-IMS core ???

IMS core

…and which protocol at interconnection points (SIP-I/T or SIP-IMS)?…how many stages of migration (2 or 3)?

?

Will there be two NGNs - a PSTN replacement and a separate new services platform?

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol, widely used for controlling multimedia communication sessions such as voice and video calls over Internet Protocol (IP).

IMS : IP Multimedia Subsystem

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IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)

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What new services?What new services?

With terminal liberalisation, networks only provide packet pipes - should packet pipes be standardised to make interconnection easy?

The focus on service capabilities is drawing attention away from the need to develop new services with terminals

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NGN ServicesNGN Services

• Analyze Current, Planned, and Future Telecommunications Services for the NGN infrastructure

3rd Stage Clustering

2nd Stage Clustering

1st Stage Clustering

Core Services

Audio-Visual

Data

Audio

Visual

Telephony Telephone Conference VoIP (e.g. Skype) Audio Streaming Audio on Demand/

Download

Transport QoS PSTN Access Web Portal

Presence IT Capabilities

3rd Party Delivery

Sensory Interfaces Transport Predictability

Predictability & Broadcast

Network Services

IT Billing, Security..

Web Page Video

Supervision Web Camera

Video Phone Video Phone

Conference Video on-Demand Video Download Video Sharing

Data on Demand Data Sharing Data Streaming/

Broadcasting Data Conferencing(Gaming)

IPTV

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Dimensioning NGNDimensioning NGN

What traffic will it carry ? Telephony Video-telephony TV and radio delivery ? Email ? Web browsing ? Internet access traffic ?

Why put any non-delay sensitive traffic on NGN?

Introduction to Introduction to Future Internet Future Internet

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History of Internet Growth (1)History of Internet Growth (1)

Stage One: Research and Academic Focus (1980-1991) Debate about which protocols will be used (TCP/IP) The National Science Foundation (NSF) took a leading role in research

networking

NSFNet1: “supercomputer net”NSFNet2: a generalized Internet (thousands of Internet

nodes on U.S campus) The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) created open standards for the

use of the Internet

Request for Comments (RFC) standards documents

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History of Internet Growth (2)History of Internet Growth (2)

Stage Two: Early Public Internet (1992-1997) Federal Networking Council (FNC) made a decision to allow ISP to

interconnect with federally supported Internets The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) adopted Tim

Berners-Lee’s work on the World Wide Web Mosaic, Netscape started us down the path to the browser environment today

It was watershed development that shifted the Internet from a command-line, e-mail, and file-transfer in the kind of user interface to the browser world of full-screen applications

In the fall of 1996, a group of more than thirty University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID)Subsequently become known as Internet2

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History of Internet Growth (3)History of Internet Growth (3)

Stage Three: International Public Internet (1998-2005) The Internet achieved both domestic and international critical

mass of growth Fueled by giant bubble in Internet stocks that peaked in 2000

and then collapsed Fiber-optic bandwidth Improvements to gigabit-per-second

levels, and price-performance improvements in personal computers xDSL, FTTH, etc.

The “bubble” years laid the foundation for broadband Internet applications and integration of voice, data, and video services on one network base

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History of Internet Growth (4)History of Internet Growth (4)

Stage Four: Challenges for the Future Internet (2006-?) The Internet has become a maturing, worldwide, universal network Recently debated policy issues: net neutrality

Two of the few surviving U.S. telcos intended to levy special surcharges on broadband Internet traffic based on the application and on the company

Millions of Internet users• Growth in functionality and value of the net could never happened if there had

been discrimination in managing packet flow

If the telco’s well funded campaign succeeds

Then Progress toward universal and affordable broadband access would be further delayed

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Recall of Internet (’74)Recall of Internet (’74)

Design Goals (0) To connect existing networks (1) Survivability (2) To support multiple types of services (3) To accommodates a variety of physical networks (4) To allow distribute network management (5) To be cost effective (6) To allow host attachment with a low level of effort (7) To allow resource accountability

Design Principles Layering (design goal – 0, 3) Packet Switching (design goal – 5) A network of collaborating networks (design goal – 1, 4) Intelligent end-system / end-to-end arguments (design goal – 1, 5) DHCP (design goal – 6), SNMP (design goal – 7)

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Changes of NetworkingChanges of Networking

Environment Trusted => Untrusted

Users Researchers => Customers

Operators Nonprofits => Commercial

Usages Host-oriented => Data-centric

Connectivity E2E IP => Intermittent Connection

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AssumptionsAssumptions

Incremental Design A system is moved from one state to another with incremental patches How should the Internet look tomorrow ?

IETF and IPv6 perspective

Clean-Slate Design The system is re-designed from scratch How should the Internet look in 15 year ?

Future Internet

It is assumed that the current IP’s shortcomings will not be

resolved by conventional incremental and “backward-compatible”

style designs. So, the Future Internet designs must be made

based on clean-slate approach.

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Problem Statement (1/4)Problem Statement (1/4)

1. Basic Problems 1.1. Routing Failures and scalability

The problems have been examined as being caused by mobility, multi-homing, renumbering, PI routing, IPv6 impact, etc. on the current Internet architecture.

1.2. Insecurity As current communication is not trusted, problems are self-evident, such as the plague of security breaches, spread of worms, and denial of service attacks.

1.3. Mobility Current IP technologies was designed for hosts in fixed locations, and ill-suited to support mobile hosts. Mobile IP was designed to support host mobility, but Mobile IP has

problems on update latency, signaling overhead, location privacy, etc.

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Problem Statement (2/4)Problem Statement (2/4)

1.4. Quality of Service Internet architecture is not enough to support quality of service from user or application perspective. It is still unclear how and where to integrate different levels of quality of service in the architecture.

1.5. Heterogeneous Physical Layers and Applications Recently, IP architecture is known as a “narrow waist or thin waist”. Physical Layers and Applications heterogeneity poses tremendous challenges for network architecture, resource allocation, reliable transport, context-awareness, re-configurability, and security.

1.6. Network Management The original Internet lacks in management plane.

Source : Steve Deering,IPv6 :addressing the future

Narrow Waist forInternet Hourglass(Common Layer =

IP)

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Problem Statement (3/4)Problem Statement (3/4) 1.7. Congestive Collapse

Current TCP is showing its limits in insufficient dynamic range to handlehigh-speed wide-area networks, poor performance over links withunpredictable characteristics, such as some forms of wireless link, poorlatency characteristics for competing real-time flows, etc.

1.8 Opportunistic and Fast Long-Distance NetworksOriginal Internet was designed to support always-on connectivity, shortdelay, symmetric data rate and low error rate communications, butmany evolving and challenged networks do not confirm to this designphilosophy. E.g., Intermittent connectivity, long or variable delay, asymmetric

data rates, high error rates, fast long-distance communications, etc. 1.9. Economy and Policy

The current Internet lacks explicit economic primitives.There is a question of how network provider and ISP continue to makeprofit.

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What is Future Internet? (1)What is Future Internet? (1)

Need to resolve the challenges facing today’s Internet by rethinking the fundamental assumptions and design decisions underlying its current architectureTwo principal ways in which to evolve or change a system Evolutionary approach (Incremental)

A system is moved from one state to another with incremental patches

Revolutionary approach (Clean-slate)The system is redesigned from scratch to offer improved

abstractions and/or performance, while providing similar functionality based on new core principles

It is time to explore a clean-slate approach In the past 30 years, the Internet has been very successful using

an incremental approach Reaching a point where people are unwilling or unable to

experiment on the current architecture

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What is Future Internet? (2)What is Future Internet? (2)

Future Internet? Clean Slate design of the Internet’s architecture to satisfy the growing

demands Management issues of Future Internet also need to be considered from the

stage of design

Research Goal for Future Internet Performing research for Future Internet and designing new network

architectures Building an experimental facility

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Merits & Demerits of Current InternetMerits & Demerits of Current Internet

Merits The original Internet design goal of robustness

Network architecture must not mandate recovery from multiple failures, but provide the service for those users who require it

Openness: low barrier to entry, freedom of expression, and ubiquitous access

Demerits “Nothing wrong – just not enough right” Pervasive and diversified nature of network applications require

many functionalities Current network architecture doesn’t support

E.g., TCP variants for high bandwidth delay product networks, earlier work on TCP over wireless networks, and current effort towards cross-layer optimization

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Research Institute for Future Internet (1) Research Institute for Future Internet (1)

US NSF Future Internet Design (FIND) Global Environment for Networking Innovations (GENI)

European Commission Future Internet Research and Experimentation (FIRE) EIFFEL’s Future Internet Initiative EuroNGI & EuroFGI FP7

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Research Institute for Future Internet(2) Research Institute for Future Internet(2)

AsiaFI by CJK

China : NSFC & MOST

973 Fundamental Research Project MOST 863 High-tech Project CNGI Project

JAPAN NICT’s NeW Generation Network (NWGN) Japan Gigabit Network II (JGN2) AKARI Project

KOREA Future Internet Forum (FIF)

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Sensor Network in the Future Internet and NGN Environments- Layers in the Ubiquitous Sensor NetworksSensor Network in the Future Internet and NGN Environments- Layers in the Ubiquitous Sensor Networks

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Thinking and Execution!!Thinking and Execution!!

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Thank you ! Q & A

Thank you ! Q & A