kylie diges cbe 555 april 23, 2012. outline history of paper manual papermaking industrial...

Papermaking TechnologyKylie Diges

CBE 555April 23, 2012

OutlineHistory of PaperManual PapermakingIndustrial Papermaking ProcessUpcoming Technologies

What is paper?

A thin material produced by pressing fibers together.

History of Paper2400 B.C- papyrus

(ancient Egyptians)

105 A.D. – Modern concept of paper (China)

Manual PapermakingProcess used up until the 19th centuryOverall Process:

Fiber preparationSheet formingPressingDrying

Limitation: The size of the sheet was limited to the size of the frame.

Industrial PapermakingFirst introduced early 1800’sStill follows the same general procedure

used in manual paper making fiber preparation, sheet forming, pressing,

drying

Paper MachinesPulping & Stock PreparationHave 4 main sections:

Forming PressDrying Calender

Pulping Overview:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGH7kQ30SKo&feature=related

Forming SectionHeadbox

Slice

WireDandy Roll

Press Section

Drying Section

Yankee Dryer/Crepinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_36tnbHc

2Q

Calender SectionCalender: series of

hard pressure rollers used to smooth the sheet

Slitter & Rewinder

Paper Machine Videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SdJtYkAz

Tw&feature=related

Fiber SourcesFibers are typically made of cellulose pulp

Current: cotton, wood, wastepaper, synthetic fibers

Historically: plant pitch, bark, pressed animal skin

Alternative fiberswheat, barley, oat, rye and rice straws or

sugarcane

References http://earth911.com/recycling/paper/what-is-paper-and-how-is-it-

made/ http://how-to-make-paper.com/index.php?

option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=48 http://totallyhistory.com/the-invention-of-paper/ http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/papermaking.htm http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1357055/papermaking/

82432/Fibre-sources http://www.albint.com/businesses/pmc/Pages/default.aspx Iggesund Paperboard AB (2008). Paperboard the Iggesund Way. p. 15. http://www.wilsonhurst.com/technology/paper/paper.htm http://www.paper-machinery.com/dictionary/Fourdrinier_Wire.asp http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/pdfs/pulpmil3.pdf http://www.paperhall.org/info/glossary.html http://www.jefflindsay.com/tissue.shtml http://www.sca.com/Global/Publicationpapers/pdf/Brochures/

Papermaking.pdf?epslanguage=en http://informinc.org/pages/index.php?

option=com_content&view=article&id=179

Questions?