ketan chitnis, phd communication for development specialist unicef viet nam risk communication...
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Ketan Chitnis, PhDCommunication for Development SpecialistUNICEF Viet Nam
Risk communication theories on engaging communities
Disclaimer: The presentation represents the personal view of the author and does not necessarily represent the position of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
Communities…DRM
Community limited capacity to act or make decisions . Relies on authority.
Resilience, social capital, social
networks, interpersonal trust
Community - autonomous - preferences, resources, capabilities. Active.
Great East Japan Earthquake – role of communities
Volunteer Fire corps (Syobo-dan)Since 18th century, 890,000 active volunteers Most people
rescued by relatives and neighbours
within the first 24 hours, before
respondersNeighborhood associations (Jichikai)Mobilize communities in disaster drills
Lessons…Strong and effective community-based DRM requires
grassroots support and linkages to the community. Linking disaster risk awareness and preparedness
activities to local cultural events effective in maintaining a culture of preparedness.
Building effective and sustainable capacity for community-based DRM requires the formal recognition and support of local and national authorities.
In addition to providing financial and technical assistance, local and national governments should develop legislation on and institutionalize the role of CBOs.
Risk Perception & Vulnerability (Adaptive capability - Smith and Wandel, 2006)
• Physical attributes• Exposure Assessment
• Ability to cope, resist, recover• Risk perception – protective and
inhibitoryVulnerability
• Assessment• Vulnerability
Perceived Risk
Risk assessment – avian flu communication
1. Expert driven messaging dominated communication 2. High risk group segmentation not conducted adequately –
backyard/producers/wet markets3. Cultural context, economic situation, emotional elements were
overlooked
Social Determinants of Community Preparedness & Resiliency
Social cohesion
Environ-ment
Socio-economics
Preparedness – engagement, trust, inputs, ownership in planning
Resiliency – increased with “whole of community” process
Why engage with communities • Higher poverty neighborhoods less likely to
rapidly or easily evacuate early enough• Media blamed lack of responsibility, deficits in
infrastructure and resources led to severe damage
Hurricane Katrina
• Control of the spill, underwater infrastructure and long-term eco-system damage
• Later unanticipated social and economic disruption to communities inland and on the shoreline emerged
Deepwater horizon disaster
• School closure not adhered to due to economic reasons, risk perception was low
• Severity of illness over public good• Communication and outreach not tailored for
different population types
2009 H1N1 pandemic
Lessons from theories/models
Risk perception
Hazard Outrage
Resilience,Social
cohesion
Planning, ownership
Complexity of behaviours
Media and outreach
Questions to ponder…
• What can risk communication for disease outbreaks learn from community-based disaster risk management?• How risk communication can match the expert
advice with local realities, cultural practices and socio-economic context?• How best can communication address risk
perception, resilience and social cohesion in the context of disease outbreak?
ReferencesBiedrzycki, P.A and Koltun, R. (2012) Integration of Social Determinants of Community Preparedness and Resiliency in 21st Century Emergency Management Planning. Homeland Security Affairs, 8(14)Patterson, O.; Weil, F.; Patel, K. (2010) The Role of Community in Disaster Response: Conceptual Models. Population Research Policy Review, 29, pp. 127–141Shaw. R; Ishiwatari. M; & Arnold. M. (n.d) Community-based Disaster Risk Management. Kyoto University and World BankChitnis, K. (2012). Risk Communication and Emerging Infectious Diseases: L:essons from Avian Influenza Control in. Obregon, R. & Waisbord, S.. The Handbook of Global Health Communication.
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